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79 results for “Black bear”
MPG Black Bear research encounter histories
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Estimating wildlife populations and their dynamics using multiple data sources and a hierarchical integrated model: the case of California's black bears
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Capture history of Asiatic black bear from Himachal Pradesh, India
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Locations of black bear (Ursus americanus) reproduction in Nevada from camera-trap data
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Data for: Coexistence or conflict: black bear habitat use along an urban-wildland gradient
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Data from: Unraveling the mystery of the glacier bear: Genetic population structure of black bears (Ursus americanus) within the range of a rare pelage type
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Data from: Influence of drift and admixture on population structure of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Central Interior Highlands, U.S.A. 50 years after translocation
Bottlenecks, founder events, and genetic drift often result in decreased genetic diversity and increased population differentiation. These events may follow abundance declines due to natural or anthropogenic perturbations, where translocations may be an effective conservation strategy to increase population size. American black bears (Ursus americanus) were nearly extirpated from the Central Interior Highlands, USA by 1920. In an effort to restore bears, 254 individuals were translocated from Minnesota, USA and Manitoba, Canada, into the Ouachita and Ozark Mountains from 1958 to 1968. Using 15 microsatellites and mitochondrial haplotypes, we observed contemporary genetic diversity and differentiation between the source and supplemented populations. We inferred four genetic clusters: Source, Ouachitas, Ozarks, and a cluster in Missouri where no individuals were translocated. Coalescent models using approximate Bayesian computation identified an admixture model as having the highest posterior probability (0.942) over models where the translocation was unsuccessful or acted as a founder event. Nuclear genetic diversity was highest in the source (A = 9.11) and significantly lower in the translocated populations (A = 7.07 - 7.34; P = 0.004). The Missouri cluster had the lowest genetic diversity (A = 5.48) and served as a natural experiment showing the utility of translocations to increase genetic diversity following demographic bottlenecks. Differentiation was greater between the two admixed populations than between the source, suggesting that genetic drift acted strongly over the eight generations since the translocation. The Ouachitas and Missouri were previously hypothesized to be remnant lineages. We observed a pre-translocation remnant signature in Missouri but not in the Ouachitas.
Data from: Linking GPS telemetry surveys and scat analyses helps explain variability in black bear foraging strategies
Studying diet is fundamental to animal ecology and scat analysis, a widespread approach, is considered a reliable dietary proxy. Nonetheless, this method has weaknesses such as non-random sampling of habitats and individuals, inaccurate evaluation of excretion date, and lack of assessment of inter-individual dietary variability. We coupled GPS telemetry and scat analyses of black bears Ursus americanus Pallas to relate diet to individual characteristics and habitat use patterns while foraging. We captured 20 black bears (6 males and 14 females) and fitted them with GPS/Argos collars. We then surveyed GPS locations shortly after individual bear visits and collected 139 feces in 71 different locations. Fecal content (relative dry matter biomass of ingested items) was subsequently linked to individual characteristics (sex, age, reproductive status) and to habitats visited during foraging bouts using Brownian bridges based on GPS locations prior to feces excretion. At the population level, diet composition was similar to what was previously described in studies on black bears. However, our individual-based method allowed us to highlight different intra-population patterns, showing that sex and female reproductive status had significant influence on individual diet. For example, in the same habitats, females with cubs did not use the same food sources as lone bears. Linking fecal content (i.e., food sources) to habitat previously visited by different individuals, we demonstrated a potential differential use of similar habitats dependent on individual characteristics. Females with cubs-of-the-year tended to use old forest clearcuts (6–20 years old) to feed on bunchberry, whereas females with yearling foraged for blueberry and lone bears for ants. Coupling GPS telemetry and scat analyses allows for efficient detection of inter-individual or inter-group variations in foraging strategies and of linkages between previous habitat use and food consumption, even for cryptic species. This approach could have interesting ecological implications, such as supporting the identification of habitats types abundant in important food sources for endangered species targeted by conservation measures or for management actions for depredating animals.
Data from: Genetic and population monitoring of two small black bear (Ursus americanus) populations in Alabama, within a regional context.
One of the major concerns in conservation today is the loss of genetic diversity which is a frequent consequence of population isolation and small population sizes. Fragmentation of populations and persecution of carnivores has posed a substantial threat to the persistence of free ranging carnivores in North America since the arrival of European settlers. Black bears have seen significant reductions in range size from their historic extent, which is most pronounced in the southeastern United States and even more starkly in Alabama where until recently bears were reduced to a single geographically isolated population in the Mobile River Basin. Recently a second population has naturally re-established itself in northeastern Alabama. We sought to determine size, genetic diversity and genetic connectivity for these two populations in relation to other regional populations. Both populations of black bears in Alabama had small population sizes and had moderate to low genetic diversity, but showed different levels of connectivity to surrounding populations of bears. The Mobile River Basin population had a small population size at only 86 individuals (76-124, 95% C.I.), the lowest genetic diversity of compared populations (richness =2.33, Ho and He =0.33), and showed near complete genetic isolation from surrounding populations across multiple tests. The newly recolonizing population in northeastern Alabama had a small but growing population doubling in 3 years (34 individuals 26-43, 95% C.I.), relatively moderate genetic diversity compared to surrounding populations (richness = 3.32, Ho =0.53, He =0.65), and showed a high level of genetic connectivity with surrounding populations.
Human recreation impacts seasonal activity and occupancy of American black bears (Ursus americanus) across the urban-wildlife interface
<p>The datasets used for all analyses throughout the study that are downloaded from the Yooper Wildlife Watch Project found on Zooniverse. </p>
On following pages: 2. Andean Bear (Tremarctos ornatus); 3. Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus); 4. Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus); 5. Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus); 6. American Black Bear (Ursus americanus). in Ursidae
On following pages: 2. Andean Bear (Tremarctos ornatus); 3. Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus); 4. Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus); 5. Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus); 6. American Black Bear (Ursus americanus).
Figure 3 in Density estimations of the Asiatic black bear: application of the random encounter model
Figure 3. Monthly variation in the distance moved as calculated from 1-hour positioning with global positioning system (GPS) collars and estimated via GLMM.
Figure 2 in Density estimations of the Asiatic black bear: application of the random encounter model
Figure 2. Relationship between the fixed interval of the global positioning system (GPS) collar and the distance moved (km/h) as calculated based on the interval.
Figure 1 in Density estimations of the Asiatic black bear: application of the random encounter model
Figure 1. Shirakawa Village, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, where the field study was conducted, including the locations of the sensor cameras.
Figure 4 in Density estimations of the Asiatic black bear: application of the random encounter model
Figure 4. Coefficient of variation of the estimated density and its confidence interval when the number of cameras is varied from 1 to 100. The coefficients of variation are calculated for each session. The black straight line indicates a border at CV = 0.2.
Figure 2 in Patterns of resource use by Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus during pre-hibernation in Kashmir Himalaya, India
Figure 2. Boxplots showing variation of black bear scat encounter rates with respect to different habitats, percent vegetation cover and distance classes.
Figure 1 in Patterns of resource use by Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus during pre-hibernation in Kashmir Himalaya, India
Figure 1. Location of Dachigam National Park in Jammu & Kashmir, India, and the location of sampling trails within the national park.
Figure 3 in Patterns of resource use by Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus during pre-hibernation in Kashmir Himalaya, India
Figure 3. Boxplot showing the frequency of occurrence of different food types recorded in the scats of Asiatic black bear in Dachigam National Park.
Data from: Intrinsic traits of woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou calves depredated by black bears Ursus americanus and coyotes Canis latrans
Individuals in substandard physical condition are predicted to be more vulnerable to predation. Support for this prediction is inconsistent partly as a result of differences across systems in the life histories of predator and prey species. Our objective was to examine the physical condition of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) calves depredated by two predators with different life histories in Newfoundland, Canada. Black bears (Ursus americanus) are capable of chasing calves at high speeds over short distances and primarily prey on calves <1 month of age. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are cursorial predators that pursue prey over longer distances, which is expected to result in the selection of substandard individuals. We hypothesized that (i) black bears will kill calves in substandard physical condition, while (ii) coyotes will kill calves from across the distribution of individual conditions. We used mitochondrial DNA species identification tests to assign predator species to calf mortalities. We then used molecular identifications and field observations to build a predictive model using generalized boosted trees to predict the predator species where a molecular identification was unavailable. We tested our hypotheses using Cox proportional hazards models under a competing risks framework. Bears killed younger calves and lighter calves, while coyotes killed heavier calves. Coyotes also killed more late-born calves, which might suggest prey switching as calves become more abundant later in the season. Our findings suggest that the physical constraints of predators play a greater role than predator hunting strategies in this system, but other processes are likely influential. The tendency for coyotes to kill heavier calves might result from sustained coyote predation over time, following the removal by black bears of lighter calves during their first month of age. This research illuminates the complexity of predator-prey interactions in Newfoundland and highlights an important source of variability for predator-prey systems.
Figure 3 in An assessment of food habits and altitudinal distribution of the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in the Western Himalayas, Pakistan
Figure 3. Graphical representation of the signs of Asiatic black bear recorded at different elevations of Kaghan Valley, Pakistan.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.