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Figure 7. Ophiopleura borealis postlarval development. A, B, 0.6 in Who's who among baby brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): postmetamorphic development of some North Atlantic forms
Figure 7. Ophiopleura borealis postlarval development. A, B, 0.6 mm dd postlarva; A, dorsal, note the high disc, swollen lateral arm plates and dorsal madreporite; B, ventral, note ventral hydropore at madreporite tip (between ASs); C, 0.8 mm dd postlarva dorsal, secondary inter-radial plates have formed above the radial primary plates (IR0); D, E, 1 mm dd postlarva; D, dorsal, secondary radial plates (SRP) have formed above the radial primary plates; E, ventral, the madreporite is now ventral; F, 1.2 mm dd postlarva dorsal; G, H, 1.8 mm dd postlarva; G, dorsal, secondary inter-radial plates (IR2) have formed below the first inter-radial plates (IR1); H, ventral, a second mouth papilla has formed on the dental plate; I, J, 2.6 mm dd juvenile; I, dorsal, the k-plate separates the radial shields proximally; J, ventral; K–L, 5 mm dd juvenile; K, dorsal, note the thick skin on the disc only partly removed; L, ventral; M, arm lateral, note two widely spaced short arm spines; N, arm ventral. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres.
Figure 5 in Barbronia borealis sp. nov., the first salifid leech discovered in Russia, with a global checklist of this genus
Figure 5. External morphological features of the holotype of Barbronia borealis sp. nov. (RMBH Hir_0405). (a-b) Arrangement of three pairs of eyespots: dorsal view (a) and lateral view from right side (b). (c) Ventral region of clitellum, with male (mg) and female (fg) gonopores, and male and female accessory copulatory pores (map and fap, respectively). Body somites are indicated by roman numerals; symbols b1, b2, a2, b5, c11, and c12 indicate the number of annulus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (a-b) and 1.0 mm (c). Photos: Tatyana A. Eliseeva; graphics: Ivan N. Bolotov.
Figure 3 in Barbronia borealis sp. nov., the first salifid leech discovered in Russia, with a global checklist of this genus
Figure 3. Fragment of the BOLD TaxonID Tree with a taxonomic reappraisal of available COI sequences of Barbronia species (assessed on May 05, 2023). Titles of sequences from non-native populations are red; those from native populations are black.
Figure 1 in Barbronia borealis sp. nov., the first salifid leech discovered in Russia, with a global checklist of this genus
Figure 1. The northernmost occurrences of the Salifidae in their native range in East Asia. The red star indicates the type locality of Barbronia borealis sp. nov. in Primorye Region, Russia. The yellow circles indicate records of Barbronia cf. weberi in Northeastern China (Moore 1930; Yang 1996). The blue circle indicates records of Barbronia gwalagwalensis and B. sp. 'Korea' in South Korea (Kwak et al. 2021). Georeferenced occurrence dataset is presented in Appendix 2 (numbers of localities on the map correspond to those in the appendix).
Figure 4 in Barbronia borealis sp. nov., the first salifid leech discovered in Russia, with a global checklist of this genus
Figure 4. Dorsal (D) and ventral (V) views of the holotype of Barbronia borealis sp. nov. (RMBH Hir_0405). Abbreviations: PI, prey item (an oligochaete specimen); AS, anterior sucker; PS, posterior sucker; map, male accessory pore; fap, female accessory pore; mg, male gonopore; fg, female gonopore; an, anus. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. Photos: Tatyana A. Eliseeva.
Lasiurus borealis day-roost habitat
<p>The eastern red bat (<em>Lasiurus borealis</em>) is widely considered to be in decline, inspiring interest in identifying important habitats for conservation in the eastern United States. Unfortunately, knowledge of important day-roosting habitats is lacking for much of the species' range. We examined patterns of day-roost selection by male and female eastern red bats at two study sites in southeastern Ohio, U. S. A, to help fill this information gap. We radio-tagged 28 male and 25 female bats during the summers of 2016–2019 and located 53 male and 74 female roosts. Day-roost selection differed between sexes and study areas. In a mostly even-aged forest with significant historical disturbance, we found males and females roosting in trees located at higher elevations, with no clear selection based on tree or stand characteristics. Specifically, males selected trees with larger diameters located at lower, cooler elevations than females, which selected smaller diameter trees found at higher, warmer elevations. However, in a forest with less historical disturbance and more structural diversity, we found sexes differed in how they selected from available habitats. These data show that heterogeneity in environmental conditions can lead to different patterns in selection, even between sites located within a small geographic area. They also show that eastern red bats sexually segregate on the local landscape in the presence of diverse forest conditions but may not do so in the absence of such diversity. We recommend managing forests to maintain structural diversity across an elevational gradient to provide male and female eastern red bats with suitable day-roosting habitat in southeast Ohio.</p>
Census of R Coronae Borealis stars I: Infrared light curves from Palomar Gattini IR
<p>Lightcurves and spectra presented in the paper "Census of R Coronae Borealis stars I: Infrared light curves from Palomar Gattini IR", Karambelkar et al. 2021.</p>
Data for: New insights into Xenopus sex chromosome genomics from the Marsabit clawed frog, X. borealis
<p><span>In many groups, sex chromosomes change frequently but the drivers of their rapid evolution are varied and often poorly characterized. With an aim of further understanding sex chromosome turnover, we investigated the polymorphic sex chromosomes of the Marsabit clawed frog, <em>Xenopus borealis,</em> using genomic data and a new chromosome-scale genome assembly. We confirmed previous findings that 54.1 Mb of chromosome 8L is sex-linked in animals from east Kenya and a lab strain, but most (or all) of this region is not sex-linked in natural populations from west Kenya. Previous work suggests possible degeneration of the Z chromosomes in the east population because many sex-linked transcripts of this female heterogametic population have female-biased expression, and we therefore expected this chromosome to not be present in the west population. In contrast, our simulations support a model where the sex-linked portion of the Z chromosome from the east acquired autosomal segregation in the west, and where the W chromosome from the east was lost in the west. These recent changes are consistent with the hot potato model, wherein sex chromosome turnover is favoured by natural selection if it purges a (minimally) degenerate sex-specific sex chromosome, but counterintuitively suggest natural selection failed to purge a Z chromosome that has signs of more advanced and possibly more ancient regulatory degeneration. These findings highlight complex evolutionary dynamics of young, rapidly evolving <em>Xenopus</em> sex chromosomes, and set the stage for mechanistic work aimed at pinpointing additional sex-determining genes in this group.</span></p>
An infrared search for R Coronae Borealis Stars
<p>J-band lightcurves, medium resolution near-IR spectra, spectroscopic classifications and lightcurve and color-based priorities of all sources described in the paper An infrared census of R Coronae Borealis Stars II. </p>
Figure 4 in A report on Ingerana borealis (Annandale, 1912) (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from inside a cave
Figure 4. Some cave holes harbouring the frogs are quite deep (Photo: Bhaskar Saikia).
Recordings from the C. borealis Stomatogastric Nervous System at different temperatures in the decentralized condition
<p>As a courtesy please inform us if you are planning to work with these data (marder@brandeis.edu).</p> <p>These data are collected from the stomatogastric nervous system of the crab <em>Cancer borealis</em> in the decentralized condition (modulatory inputs cut) at different temperatures. For data collection methods please see Haddad & Marder, 2018 (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.08.035">10.1016/j.neuron.2018.08.035</a>). These data are also among the larger data set described in Gorur-Shandilya et al, 2021 (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451370v1.full.pdf). </p> <p>In data sets 845_082 and 845_078 there are two preparations recorded from in each file. Please see notes to clarify which channels belong to which preparations. Please see end for descriptions of nerve/neuron abbreviations. </p> <p>Data set 845_082_0044 (11°C) and 845_082_0064 (27°C):</p> <p> Preparation 1 = Channels 1 (lvn), 6 (lpn), 2 (pyn), 4 (pdn)</p> <p> Preparation 2 = Channels 7 (lvn), 10 (lpn), i2/9 (pdn), 13 (lgn)</p> <p>Data set 857_016_0049 (11°C) and 857_016_0069 (27°C):</p> <p> Preparation 1 = Channels 2 (LG), 7 (lvn), 4 (lpn), 9 (pyn), 8 (pdn), 15 (lgn), 6 (mvn), 11 (dgn)</p> <p>Data set 845_078_0027 (11°C) and 845_078_0040 (27°C)</p> <p> Preparation 1 = Channels 1 (lvn, upper), 6 (lpn), 4 (pyn), 2 (lvn lower)</p> <p> Preparation 2 = Channels 7 (lvn), 10 (lpn), i2/9 (pyn), 13 (pdn)</p> <p>lvn = lateral ventricular nerve, lpn = lateral pyloric nerve, pyn = pyloric nerve, pdn = pyloric dilator nerve, lgn = lateral gastric nerve, mvn = median ventricular nerve, dgn = dorsal gastric nerve, LG= lateral gastric neuron.</p>
Data from: Effects of Cs on temperature response of C. borealis pyloric rhythm
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Data for: New insights into Xenopus sex chromosome genomics from the Marsabit clawed frog, X. borealis
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Lasiurus borealis day-roost habitat
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H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest site, station Andrews Watershed 3, study of plant cover of Linnaea borealis in units of percent on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (AND) contains plant cover of Linnaea borealis measurements in percent units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest site, station Andrews Watershed 1, study of plant cover of Linnaea borealis in units of percent on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (AND) contains plant cover of Linnaea borealis measurements in percent units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Data from: High frequency of multiple paternity in Eastern red bats, Lasiurus borealis, based on microsatellite analysis
Most species of bats give birth to only one pup each year, although Eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) can produce up to five pups per litter. Offspring in a single litter have been documented to be at different stages of development, suggesting that multiple paternity occurs. We tested the null hypothesis of genetic monogamy in red bats using six autosomal microsatellites and one X-linked microsatellite from 31 parent/offspring groups for a total of 128 bats. We sampled both pregnant females and mothers with pups that were obtained from bats submitted to departments of health in Oklahoma and Texas for rabies testing. Multiple paternity was assessed using a maximum-likelihood approach, hypothesis testing, and X-linked locus exclusion. The mean polymorphic information content of our markers was high (0.8819) and combined non-exclusion probability was low (0.00027). Results from the maximum-likelihood approach showed that 22 out of 31 (71%) parent/offspring groups consisted of half siblings, hypothesis testing rejected full sibship in 61% of parent/offspring groups, and X-linked locus exclusion suggested multiple paternity in at least 12 parent/offspring groups, rejecting our hypothesis of genetic monogamy. This frequency of multiple paternity is the highest reported thus far for any bat species. High levels of multiple paternity have the potential to impact interpretations of genetic estimates of effective population size in this species. Further, multiple paternity might be an adaptive strategy to allow for increased genetic variation and large litter size, which would be beneficial to a species threatened by population declines from wind turbines.
Data from: "Genome-wide microsatellite marker development from next-generation sequencing of two non-model bat species impacted by wind turbine mortality: Lasiurus borealis and L. cinereus (Vespertilionidae)" in Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 October 2013 to 30 November 2013
Tree-roosting bats in the genus Lasiurus are widespread, migratory species that have not been well characterized for population genetic diversity and structure due to a lack of genetic resources. Generating genetic resources in Lasiurus is made pressing by the need for conservation genetic assessments of demographic trends in this genus, which comprise a large percentage of bat mortalities at wind turbine sites across North America. We report on marker development from whole-genome Illumina sequencing of the red bat (Lasirus borealis) and the hoary bat (L. cinereus). We generated paired-end libraries for a single individual of each species, sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform. We mapped a total of 46.6 million reads to the Myotis lucifigus reference genome, and used bioinformatics searches to identify tends of thousands of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) distributed across the bat genome. We selected 48 candidate microsatellite loci to develop cross-species primer sequences for Lasiurus, assembled these into multiplex combinations, and tested for amplification and polymorphism levels in a sample of 23 individuals from each of L. borealis and L. cinereus. In total, we identified 42 highly polymorphic loci that could be robustly amplified and scored, the majority of which (39) were also combinable into highly multiplexed assays of 4-8 loci each. The combination of new genomic sequence assemblies, a large set of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci, and the ability to efficiently multiplex represents a significant contribution to the genetic resources available for population and comparative genetic studies of bats.
FIGURES 28–35. Coleotichus borealis Distant, 1899 in Taxonomical notes on Oriental and Pacific jewel bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)
FIGURES 28–35. Coleotichus borealis Distant, 1899 (Taiwan) (28–31) and C. excellens Walker, 1899 sensu lato (Australia: Queensland) (32–35): 28, 32, head, dorsal view; 29, 33, head, lateral view; 30, 34, gynatrial complex, dorsal view, tergite VIII fully removed; 31, 35, apical receptacle of spermatheca. Scales in mm. Lettering: fec: fecundation sclerite; mp: median pouch of vagina; pt8: inner surface of paratergite VIII; rs: ring sclerite.
FIGURE 2. Namalycastis occulta n in Namalycastis occulta n. sp. and a new record of N. borealis (Polychaeta: Nereididae: Namanereidinae) from the Northwestern Caribbean Sea
FIGURE 2. Namalycastis occulta n. sp. A. Entire, incomplete specimen, dorsal view, arrow indicates first oocyte. B. Oocytes from posterior chaetigers. C. Chaetiger from mid body, cross-ection (in: intestine, oc: oocyte). A, from specimen ECOSUR P- 2650; B–C, from specimen ECOSUR P-2650. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; B,C, 0.1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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