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89 results for “Brazilian Savanna”
Benthic macroinvertebrates in a protected area within the Brazilian savanna
<p><strong>This dataset is part of manuscript: <em>Vanishing springs and benthic macroinvertebrates as environmental quality indicators in a savanna protected area, Brazil</em></strong><br> <br> In the Neotropics, especially in southeastern Brazil, due to sugarcane and eucalypt monocultures, and the expansion of industries and the largely unplanned urban centers entire aquatic ecosystems are threatened. Nonetheless, benthic macroinvertebrates are important biomonitoring tools to assess the biotic and abiotic condition of endangered freshwater environments. In this study we address how benthic macroinvertebrate diversity respond to the combined effect of local environmental factors. We also aimed to evaluate how benthic macroinvertebrates diversity respond according to the habitat integrity. We expected to find higher diversity in the sampling sites with higher habitat integrity (i.e., low potential of hydrogen, electrical conductivity and water temperature, and high canopy coverage and concentration of dissolved oxygen). By using a multivariate approach (i.e., PCA) and a regression analysis (i.e., Linear Mixed-Effect Model) we were able to address the combined effect of local environmental variables on the benthic macroinvertebrate community. Our results show a negative effect of the environmental factors on the benthic macroinvertebrate diversity. As expected, sites with higher integrity and water quality values according to, respectively, the Habitat Integrity Index (i.e., HII) and the Biological Monitoring Working Party (i.e., BMWP’) tended to have higher benthic macroinvertebrates diversity. This is the first report that provides knowledge of the benthic macroinvertebrate community in the Paulicéia river, within the Cerrado Pé-de-Gigante, a conservation unity of full protection of a State Park in the Neotropics.In the Neotropics, especially in southeastern Brazil, due to sugarcane and eucalypt monocultures, and the expansion of industries and the largely unplanned urban centers entire aquatic ecosystems are threatened. Nonetheless, benthic macroinvertebrates are important biomonitoring tools to assess the biotic and abiotic condition of endangered freshwater environments. In this study we address how benthic macroinvertebrate diversity respond to the combined effect of local environmental factors. We also aimed to evaluate how benthic macroinvertebrates diversity respond according to the habitat integrity. We expected to find higher diversity in the sampling sites with higher habitat integrity (i.e., low potential of hydrogen, electrical conductivity and water temperature, and high canopy coverage and concentration of dissolved oxygen). By using a multivariate approach (i.e., PCA) and a regression analysis (i.e., Linear Mixed-Effect Model) we were able to address the combined effect of local environmental variables on the benthic macroinvertebrate community. Our results show a negative effect of the environmental factors on the benthic macroinvertebrate diversity. As expected, sites with higher integrity and water quality values according to, respectively, the Habitat Integrity Index (i.e., HII) and the Biological Monitoring Working Party (i.e., BMWP’) tended to have higher benthic macroinvertebrates diversity. This is the first report that provides knowledge of the benthic macroinvertebrate community in the Paulicéia river, within the Cerrado Pé-de-Gigante, a conservation unity of full protection of a State Park in the Neotropics.</p>
Figure 6 in Diversity of Ophioniformes wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in a Central-West Brazilian Savanna area
Figure 6. (A) Syzeuctus sp.1 (Banchinae) female habitus, (B) Ophiopterus sp.1 (Anomaloninae) female habitus. Scale bars: 2 mm. Specimens collected in Aquidauana, MS, between September 2011 and August 2012.
Figure 1 in Diversity of Ophioniformes wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in a Central-West Brazilian Savanna area
Figure 1. (A) Map illustrating the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) emphasizing the Municipality of Aquidauana where the samples were collected. (B) Satellite image of the the Reserva Ecologica da Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul showing the location where the Malaise traps have been deployed: 1 = Riparian Forest; 2 = Seasonal Deciduous Forest with closed vegetation; 3 = Seasonal Deciduous Forest with open vegetation. (C) Malaise trap assembled in the Seasonal Deciduous Forest with open vegetation (20°25′59.0″S, 55°39′20.8″W).
Figure 5 in Diversity of Ophioniformes wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in a Central-West Brazilian Savanna area
Figure 5. (A) Xiphosomella sp.6 (Cremastinae) female habitus, (B) Thyreodon sp.1 (Ophioninae) female habitus, (C) Diradops sp.4 (Banchinae) female habitus, (D) Meniscomorpha sp.1 (Banchinae) female habitus, (E) Nonnus sp.1 (Nesomesochorinae) female habitus, (F) Mesochorus sp.1 (Mesochorinae) female habitus. Scale bars: A-E: 2 mm, F: 1 mm. Specimens collected in Aquidauana, MS, between September 2011 and August 2012.
Figure 2 in Diversity of Ophioniformes wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in a Central-West Brazilian Savanna area
Figure 2. Rank-abundance curve and dominant species of the Ophioniformes collected in Aquidauana (MS), between September 2011 and August 2012.
Data from dissertation: 'Landscape and Aboveground Biomass Dynamics of Brazilian Savanna using airborne LIDAR and MapBiomas datasets : case study of Rio Vermelho Watershed, Brazil'
<p>This dissertation was submitted to University of Manchester as part of MSc GIS program</p> <p>This repository contains:</p> <p>1) Contains the R language code used in the dissertation (CHM_&_LiDAR_metric.R; Landscape_metric.R; Generalized_Linear_Model.R; Random_Forest_Model.R).</p> <p><br> 2) Canopy Height Model (CHM) and 56 LiDAR metric raster files with a resolution of 1m (CHM_&_LiDAR_metric_2014.zip; CHM_&_LiDAR_metric_2018.zip), the original LiDAR data come from Brazil project supported by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), the US Forest Service, USAID, and the US Department of State.</p> <p><br> 3) AGB raster files with a resolution of 10m (AGB_2014.tif; AGB_2018.tif; AGB_dynamic.tif), field plots used for AGB estimation come from Sabrinado Couto de Miranda from University of Goiás State (UEG), Brazil, and her team.</p> <p><br> 4) Landscape metric interpolation raster file (SHDI.tif; SHEI.tif; AREA_CV.tif; CIRCLE_MN.tif; SHAPE_MN.tif) with a resolution of 10m, land cover map Map come from Biomas team for landscape metric calculation.</p>
Savannas are not old fields: functional trajectories of forest expansion in a fire-suppressed Brazilian savanna are driven by habitat generalists
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Assessing the conservation value of secondary savanna for large mammals in the Brazilian Cerrado
Debate about the conservation value of secondary habitats has tended to focus on tropical forests, increasingly recognizing the role of secondary forests for biodiversity conservation. However, there remains a lack of information about the conservation value of secondary savannas. Here, we conducted a camera trap survey to assess the effect of secondary vegetation on large mammals in a Brazilian Cerrado protected area, using a single-season occupancy framework to investigate the response of individual species (species-level models) and of all species combined (community-level models). In addition, we investigated the cost effectiveness of different sampling designs to monitor globally threatened species in the study area. At the community level, savanna that regenerated from eucalyptus plantation had similar occupancy estimate as old growth areas. At the species level, none of the ten species individually assessed seemed to respond to succession stage, with greater support for the effect of other covariates on occupancy, such as distance from water and vegetation physiognomy. These results demonstrate that secondary vegetation does not appear to negatively impact large mammals in the study area and suggest that, given a favorable context, Cerrado mammals can recolonize and use secondary savannas that regenerated from clearcut. However, our study area should be considered a best-case scenario, as it retained key ecological attributes of high-value secondary habitats. Our simulations showed that a sampling design with 60 camera trap sites surveyed during nine occasions is appropriate to monitor most globally threatened species in the study area, and could be a useful starting point for new monitoring initiatives in other Cerrado areas.
Data from: Fire management in the Brazilian Savanna: first steps and the way forward
1. Several decades of frustrated attempts to prevent fires in the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) have led to deleterious ecological and management consequences. In 2014, the first Integrated Fire Management (IFM) program was launched in three protected areas (PA). 2. The IFM program considers local practices, ecological information, management options, and aims to create landscape mosaics of different fire histories to conserve biodiversity, reduce the prevalence of late-dry season (LDS) wildfires, protect fire-sensitive vegetation, and reduce conflicts between PA managers and local communities. 3. The first three years of imposed fire management regimes led to 40-57% reduction in LDS fires, improved dialogue between researchers, managers and local communities, generating fire management learning communities. 4. Synthesis and applications. This Integrated Fire Management programme represents a major advance in Cerrado management and conservation, by actively managing fires and decreasing the proportional of areas burnt by late-dry season wildfires. It can contribute to protected areas' management in Cerrado and other South American fire-prone ecosystems. Long-term monitoring and research are essential to understand the ecological implications and to improve fire management practices.
Distribution. Brazilian Amazon, S of the Rio Amazonas, between the Tapajos/Juruena system and the Tocantins/Araguaia river system to the E, in the Brazilian states of Para and Mato Grosso; the exact S limit ofits distribution is unclear, but it seems likely that it coincides with the transition between the Amazon rainforest and the cerrado savannas of C Brazil; this ecotone encompasses headwaters of the Xingu and Tapajos river systems in N Mato Grosso. Vieira's Titi (C. vieirai) is also known to occur in this region, but there are too few records to confirm whether their distributions intergrade, or in fact where the exact limits of their distributions are. One recent study also found that the Red-bellied Titi may be absent from or present at extremely low densities in large areas of the Tocantins-Xingu interfluvium. Given the overall lack of records, while it is clear that the Red-bellied Titi occurs over a vast area of the SE Amazon Basin, the exact limits of its distribution within this area remain unclear. in Phitheciidae
Distribution. Brazilian Amazon, S of the Rio Amazonas, between the Tapajos/Juruena system and the Tocantins/Araguaia river system to the E, in the Brazilian states of Para and Mato Grosso; the exact S limit ofits distribution is unclear, but it seems likely that it coincides with the transition between the Amazon rainforest and the cerrado savannas of C Brazil; this ecotone encompasses headwaters of the Xingu and Tapajos river systems in N Mato Grosso. Vieira's Titi (C. vieirai) is also known to occur in this region, but there are too few records to confirm whether their distributions intergrade, or in fact where the exact limits of their distributions are. One recent study also found that the Red-bellied Titi may be absent from or present at extremely low densities in large areas of the Tocantins-Xingu interfluvium. Given the overall lack of records, while it is clear that the Red-bellied Titi occurs over a vast area of the SE Amazon Basin, the exact limits of its distribution within this area remain unclear.
Distribution. NE Bolivia (throughout much of lowland Bolivia E of the Rio Manique) and W Brazil (S Rondonia State at least as far W as the upper Rio Jiparana). S limits are unclear, but it occurs in the vicinity of the Bolivian city of Santa Cruz and may contact or intergrade with the distribution of the Pale Titi (C. pallescens) in SE Bolivia; in Rondonia, it may occur as far N as the Serra dos Pacaas Novos, where there may be a contact zone with the Brown Titi (C. brunneus) or Prince Bernhard's Titi (C. bernhardi); the S and E limits ofits distribution in Brazil are unclear, but they may be ecologically constrained by inappropriate habitats in the Brazilian cerrado savannas to the S, and possible contact zones with Prince Bernhard's Titi (which is now known to occur to the W of the Rio Jiparana) and the Ashy Titi (C. cinerascens) in the E. in Phitheciidae
Distribution. NE Bolivia (throughout much of lowland Bolivia E of the Rio Manique) and W Brazil (S Rondonia State at least as far W as the upper Rio Jiparana). S limits are unclear, but it occurs in the vicinity of the Bolivian city of Santa Cruz and may contact or intergrade with the distribution of the Pale Titi (C. pallescens) in SE Bolivia; in Rondonia, it may occur as far N as the Serra dos Pacaas Novos, where there may be a contact zone with the Brown Titi (C. brunneus) or Prince Bernhard's Titi (C. bernhardi); the S and E limits ofits distribution in Brazil are unclear, but they may be ecologically constrained by inappropriate habitats in the Brazilian cerrado savannas to the S, and possible contact zones with Prince Bernhard's Titi (which is now known to occur to the W of the Rio Jiparana) and the Ashy Titi (C. cinerascens) in the E.
FIGURE 12 in A remarkable new species of Davilla Vand. (Dilleniaceae, Dolicocarpoideae) from the Brazilian Savanna supported by morphological and anatomical data
FIGURE 12. Cross-section of the leaf blade of Davilla elliptica (a–d), D. grandiflora (e–h), and D. pygmaea M.J. Silva (i–l), submitted to histochemical tests a–c, g, h, i, j–l petiole. d–f. midrib. Histochemical tests: a, e, i and j. acidic lipids indicated by *, and a green-blue color. b–d, f–h, k and l total lipids stained red-orange indicated by * and arrowheads. See lipid droplet indicated by an arrowhead in b and the intense cuticle coloration in b, f, k and l; note the deposition of lipids on the cell walls of idioblasts and endodermis cells. c = cuticle. co = collenchyma. ep = epidermis. en = endodermis. fi = fibers. pa = parenchyma. ph = phloem. sc = sclereids. vb = vascular bundle. xy = xylem. asterisks = idioblasts. arrows = Casparian strip. Scales: c, e, i and k = 200 µm. a, b, d, f-h, j and l = 50 µm.
FIGURE 11 in A remarkable new species of Davilla Vand. (Dilleniaceae, Dolicocarpoideae) from the Brazilian Savanna supported by morphological and anatomical data
FIGURE 11. Cross-sections of the leaf blades of Davilla elliptica (a–d), D. grandiflora (e–h), and D. pygmaea M.J. Silva (i–l), submitted to histochemical tests. a, c, e and k petiole. b, f, g, i and j midrib. d, h and l leaf blade. Histochemical tests: a positive reaction for phenolic compounds in tissues, indicated by an arrowhead, *, and black color; note the presence of phenolic compounds in the endodermal cells, and in the idioblast secretions. b–l. starch grains in the tissues; note the presence of starch grains in the endodermis adjacent to the vascular system in b, c, g, i and k. ep = epidermis. en = endodermis. fi = fibers. pa = parenchyma. ph = phloem. pp = palisade parenchyma. sc = sclereids. sp = spongy parenchyma. vb = vascular bundle. xy = xylem. asterisks = idioblasts. arrows = Caspary strip. Scales: i = 500 μm; b = 200 µm. a, c–h and j–l = 50 µm.
FIGURE 9 in A remarkable new species of Davilla Vand. (Dilleniaceae, Dolicocarpoideae) from the Brazilian Savanna supported by morphological and anatomical data
FIGURE 9. Cross sections of the leaf blades of Davilla elliptica (a–e), D. grandiflora (f–j), and D. pygmaea (k–p): a, f and k general aspect of the leaf blade. b, g, l and m. detail of the leaf blade. c, d, h, i, n and o detail of the epidermis, trichomes, palisade and spongy parenchyma, and vascular bundles. e, j and p. leaf margins. c = cuticle. ep = epidermis. pp = palisade parenchyma. sp = spongy parenchyma. tr = trichome. vb = vascular bundle. black arrowhead = stomata. asterisks = idioblasts. Scale: a, e, f, j, k and p = 200 μm; b-d, g-i and l-o = 50 μm.
FIGURE 10 in A remarkable new species of Davilla Vand. (Dilleniaceae, Dolicocarpoideae) from the Brazilian Savanna supported by morphological and anatomical data
FIGURE 10. Cross-section of the leaf blades of Davilla elliptica (a–e), D. grandiflora (f–j), and D. pygmaea M.J. Silva (k–o), submitted to histochemical tests. a, d, j, l, n and o petiole. b, e, f, h, i and k. midrib. c, g and m leaf blade. Histochemical tests: a, b, f–h, k and l. Total alkaloids in tissues (indicated by the arrowhead and black color); note the presence of alkaloids in the parenchymatic cells of the pith, parenchyma rays and chlorophyllian parenchyma. c, d, i, m and n. positive reaction for phenolic compounds in tissues (indicated by the arrowhead and black color); note the presence of phenolic compounds in the endodermis cells in d, and in the idioblast secretions in n. e, j and o positive reaction for lignin; note the intense pink color of the fibers, xylem cells, and sclereids. ep = epidermis. en = endodermis. fi = fibers. pa = parenchyma. ph = phloem. pp = palisade parenchyma. sc = sclereids. vb = vascular bundle. xy = xylem. asterisks = idioblasts. arrows = Caspary strip. Scales: i = 500 μm; c, g, k, m and o = 200 µm. a, b, d, e, f, h, j, l and n = 50 µm.
FIGURE 8 in A remarkable new species of Davilla Vand. (Dilleniaceae, Dolicocarpoideae) from the Brazilian Savanna supported by morphological and anatomical data
FIGURE 8. Cross sections of the midribs of Davilla elliptica (a–f), D. grandiflora (g–l), and D. pygmaea (m–r): a, g and m general aspect of the midrib. b, h and n general aspect of the adaxial surface. c, f, i and o general aspect of the abaxial surface. d, j and p detail of the larger vascular bundle. e, k, l and q details of the fibers, idioblasts, phloem, endodermis, sclereids, and xylem. r pith. c = cuticle. co = collenchyma. ep = epidermis. fi = fibers. en = endodermis. pa = parenchyma. ph = phloem. pi = pith. ra = raphide. sc = sclereids. tr = trichome. xy = xylem. asterisks = idioblasts. arrows = Casparian strip. Scale: a, g and m = 500 μm; d, j and p = 200 μm; b, c, e, f, h, i, k, l, n, o, q and r = 50 μm.
FIGURE 7 in A remarkable new species of Davilla Vand. (Dilleniaceae, Dolicocarpoideae) from the Brazilian Savanna supported by morphological and anatomical data
FIGURE 7. Cross-section of the petioles of Davilla elliptica (a–g), D. grandiflora (h–n) and D. pygmaea (o–u): h and o general aspect of the petiole. b, i and p general aspect of the adaxial surface. c, j and q general aspect of the abaxial surface. d, k and r. detail of the largest vascular bundle. e, l and s. details of the fibers, phloem, endodermis, and xylem. f, m and t lateral projections, note the accessory vascular bundles and their orientations. g, n and u accessory vascular bundles. c = cuticle. co = collenchyma. en = endodermis. ep = epidermis. fi = fibers. pa = parenchyma. ph = phloem. sc = sclereids. tr = trichome. vb = vascular bundle. xy = xylem. asterisks = idioblasts. arrows = Casparian strip. Scale: a, h and o = 500 μm; d, f, k, m, r and t = 200 μm; b, c, e, g, i, j, l, n, p, q, s and u = 50 μm.
FIGURE 5. Davilla grandiflora A in A remarkable new species of Davilla Vand. (Dilleniaceae, Dolicocarpoideae) from the Brazilian Savanna supported by morphological and anatomical data
FIGURE 5. Davilla grandiflora A. St.-Hil. & Tul. a habit. b fruiting branch and foliage. c. fruits. Photographs provided by Marcelo F. Simon.
FIGURE 6 in A remarkable new species of Davilla Vand. (Dilleniaceae, Dolicocarpoideae) from the Brazilian Savanna supported by morphological and anatomical data
FIGURE 6. Davilla nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki. a fertile branch, note the effuse and conspicuously ramified inflorescence. b flowering branch. c flower in frontal view. d fruiting branch. Photographs provided by Maurício Mercadante.
FIGURE 4. Davilla elliptica A in A remarkable new species of Davilla Vand. (Dilleniaceae, Dolicocarpoideae) from the Brazilian Savanna supported by morphological and anatomical data
FIGURE 4. Davilla elliptica A. St.-Hil. a flowering branch, note the reddish and sericeous young branches. b flower in frontal view. c bee Apis mellifera visiting the flower. d detail of flowers in frontal view, note the two free carpels. e open fruits, note the glossy black seeds with white arils. Photograph c provided by Carolyn E. Barnes Proença, the others by Maurício Mercadante.
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