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72 results for “Breeding System”
Data from: Estimating waterfowl breeding pair and brood densities using distance sampling with uncrewed aerial systems
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Data from: Genetic potential for changes in breeding systems: Predicted and observed trait changes during artificial selection for male and female allocation in a gynodioecious species
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Datasets of "Whole genome sequencing of European autochthonous and commercial pig breeds provides selection signatures of adaptation of genetic resources to different breeding and production systems"
<p>Results of the F<sub>ST</sub> and H<sub>P</sub> analyses.</p>
Data from: Mating system and genetic composition of the macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata): implications for breeding and genetic conservation programs
Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae), a palm endemic to South and Central America, is a potential oil crop. Knowledge of the mating system of this species is limited to its reproductive biology and to studies using molecular markers. The present study analyzed genetic diversity between its developmental stages and determined its prevailing mating system in order to support genetic conservation and breeding programs. We tested nine microsatellite markers in 27 mother trees (adult plants) and 157 offspring (juvenile plants) from the southeastern region of Brazil. Heterozygosity levels differed between the two studied life stages, as indicated by the fixation index of adult and juvenile trees, suggesting that selection against homozygotes occurs during the plant life cycle. The mating system parameters analyzed indicate that A. aculeata is predominantly outcrossing (allogamous). However, its low levels of selfing suggest that there is individual variation with regard to self-incompatibility, which can be a survival strategy in isolated or fragmented habitats. Deviations in variance effective size were detected because of high mating rates among relatives and correlated matings. These findings indicate that the main source of inbreeding results from biparental inbreeding in the population and that the progenies are predominantly composed of full-sibs. The information provided by this study on the ecology and reproduction dynamics of A. aculeata should be useful to both breeding and genetic conservation programs, allowing the development of more precise mathematical models and the estimation of the appropriate number of mother trees for seed collection.
Data from: Genetic parentage analysis confirms a polygynandrous breeding system in the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus)
Knowing the breeding system of a species is important in order to understand individual variation in reproductive success. Large variation in reproductive success and thus reproductive skew strongly impacts on the effective number of breeders and thus the long-term effective population size (Ne). Fishes, in particular species belonging to the salmonid family, exhibit a wide diversity of breeding systems. In general, however, breeding systems are rarely studied in detail in the wild. Here we examine the breeding system of the spring-spawning European grayling Thymallus thymallus from a small Norwegian stream using parentage assignment based on the genotyping of 19 polymorphic microsatellite loci. In total 895 individual grayling fry and 154 mature grayling (57 females and 97 males) were genotyped. A total of 466 offspring were assigned a father, a mother, or a parent pair with a confidence of 90% or higher. Successfully reproducing males had on average 11.9 ± 13.3 (SD) offspring with on average 2.1 ± 1.2 partners, whereas successful females had on average 9.5 ± 12.8 offspring and 2.3 ± 1.5 partners. Parents with more partners also produced more offspring. Thus the grayling breeding system within this small stream revealed a polygynandrous breeding system, similar to what has been observed for many other salmonid fish species. The present study thus unambiguously corroborates a polygynadrous breeding system in the European grayling. This knowledge is critical for managing populations of this species, which has suffered significant local population declines throughout its range over the last several decades.
Fig. 3. A in New Open Aquarium System to Breed Larvae of Water Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Fig. 3. A photograph of the breeding tank. ST, silicon tube for water supply. MP, mesh for partitioning. OT, outlet tube. Fresh tap water after de-chlorination is introduced as shown in Figure 2.
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925). in Muridae
Distribution. Now restricted to the Channel Country of SW Queensland and the Lake Eyre Basin in NE South Australia. Descriptive notes. Head-body 95-120 mm, tail 105-160 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hindfoot 32-37 mm; weight 30-50 g. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has body form typical of hopping mice, with very long hindfeet, long tail with distal brush of longer hairs, very long ears, and large protruberant eyes. Dorsal fur is of variable color, from pale pinkish fawn to gray; ventral fur white. Unlike most other hopping mice, it has no throat pouch, but males have a glandular area of naked skin on the chest. Habitat. Occurs in low shrublands and tussock grasslands on stony ("gibber") plains and claypans. Shows marked habitat segregation from the Dusky Hopping Mouse (N. fuscus), which is closely associated with sandy substrates. Food and Feeding. The Fawn Hopping Mouse is mostly granivorous, but also eats other plant material (stems, leaves) and occasionally invertebrates. It uses succulent, salt-adapted plants around edges of claypans as a source of water. Breeding. Reproduction is probably largely opportunistic and aseasonal, with high reproductive output from near-continuous breeding after periods of high rainfall; reported littersize is 1-5, most commonly three; gestation period 38-43 days for nonlactating females. Females may mature later than other hopping mice, with reproductive maturity reached at about six months. Activity patterns. Terrestrial and nocturnal. Fawn Hopping Mice shelter during day in burrow systems that are typically simpler and shallower than those of other hopping mice. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fawn Hopping Mice generally live singly or in small groups; typically uncommon within range, but population density may increase by an order of magnitude following periods of high rainfall. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Fawn Hopping Mouse has shown marked decline in range (estimated at greater than 50%), and presumably population size, since European settlement of Australia. This is mostlikely due to predation by the introduced house cat and Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), and to habitat degradation associated with pastoralism. Bibliography. Brazenor (1934), Burbidge et al. (2008), Finlayson (1939), Gould (1853), Jackson & Groves (2015), Murray et al. (1999), Ogilby (1892), Thomas (1921h), Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), Waite (1898), Watts & Aslin (1981), Woinarski et al. (2014), Wood Jones (1925).
Breeding system data for populations of T. perfoliata
<p><span>Both intrinsic and extrinsic forces work together to shape connectivity and genetic variation in populations across the landscape. Here we explored how geography, breeding system traits, and environmental factors influence the population genetic patterns of <em>Triodanis perfoliata</em>, a widespread mix-mating annual plant in the contiguous US. By integrating population genomic data with spatial analyses and modeling the relationship between breeding system and genetic diversity, we illustrate the complex ways in which these forces shape genetic variation. Specifically, we used 4,705 single nucleotide polymorphisms to assess genetic diversity, structure, and evolutionary history among 18 populations. Populations with more obligately selfing flowers harbored less genetic diversity (π: R2 = 0.63, P = 0.01, n = 9 populations), and we found significant population structuring (FST = 0.48). Both geographic isolation and environmental factors played significant roles in predicting the observed genetic diversity: we found that corridors of suitable environment appear to facilitate gene flow between populations, and that environmental resistance is correlated with increased genetic distance between populations. Last, we integrated our genetic results with species distribution modeling to assess likely patterns of connectivity among our study populations. Our landscape and evolutionary genetic results suggest that <em>T. perfoliata</em> experienced a complex demographic and evolutionary history, particularly in the center of its distribution. As such, there is no singular mechanism driving this species' evolution. Together, our analyses support the hypothesis that breeding system, geography, and environmental variables shape the patterns of diversity and connectivity of T. perfoliata in the US.</span></p>
Data from: Breeding system and geospatial variation shape the population genetics of Triodanis perfoliata
<p><span>Both intrinsic and extrinsic forces work together to shape connectivity and genetic variation in populations across the landscape. Here we explored how geography, breeding system traits, and environmental factors influence the population genetic patterns of <em>Triodanis perfoliata</em>, a widespread mix-mating annual plant in the contiguous US. By integrating population genomic data with spatial analyses and modeling the relationship between breeding system and genetic diversity, we illustrate the complex ways in which these forces shape genetic variation. Specifically, we used 4,705 single nucleotide polymorphisms to assess genetic diversity, structure, and evolutionary history among 18 populations. Populations with more obligately selfing flowers harbored less genetic diversity (π: R<sup>2</sup> = 0.63, P = 0.01, n = 9 populations), and we found significant population structuring (F<sub>ST</sub> = 0.48). Both geographic isolation and environmental factors played significant roles in predicting the observed genetic diversity: we found that corridors of suitable environment appear to facilitate gene flow between populations, and that environmental resistance is correlated with increased genetic distance between populations. Last, we integrated our genetic results with species distribution modeling to assess likely patterns of connectivity among our study populations. Our landscape and evolutionary genetic results suggest that <em>T. perfoliata</em> experienced a complex demographic and evolutionary history, particularly in the center of its distribution. As such, there is no singular mechanism driving this species' evolution. Together, our analyses support the hypothesis that breeding system, geography, and environmental variables shape the patterns of diversity and connectivity of <em>T. perfoliata</em> in the US. </span></p>
FIGURE 5 in The Peruvian species of Cristaria (Malveae, Malvaceae): taxonomic revision, chromosome counts, and breeding system
FIGURE 5. Chromosome preparations of Cristaria multifida subsp. multifida. A. Schneider & Huertas 2979. B. Schneider & Huertas 2801. Scale = 5 µm.
FIGURE 4 in The Peruvian species of Cristaria (Malveae, Malvaceae): taxonomic revision, chromosome counts, and breeding system
FIGURE 4. Habit and flower variants of Cristaria multifida subsp. multifida and details of flower and fruit. A. Cristaria multifida with small white flowers and broad leaf lobes from the Lomas de Lachay, Central Peru. B. Cristaria multifida from the southern border of its distribution range at Morro Sama, Tacna Department. C. Cristaria multifida with almost undivided leaves and minute white flowers from the interior lomas of Sama Grande at about 700 m. D. Large-flowered Cristaria multifida (petal length about 1 cm; C. aspera var. formosula) from the lomas of Mollendo. E. Detail of flower (here the Chilean C. integerrima) with its articulated pedicel (articulation see arrow). F. The characteristic carpocrater with the exposed winged mericarps; the lateral mericarp walls are evanescent and therefore the dark seeds are visible (here from C. multifida). All photos by the author.
FIGURE 3 in The Peruvian species of Cristaria (Malveae, Malvaceae): taxonomic revision, chromosome counts, and breeding system
FIGURE 3. Leaf variation, hair types, and inflorescence morphology of Cristaria multifida (A-D & H-J, subsp. multifida; E-G, subsp. moquipana). A. Tripartite leaf (Dombey s.n. [MA]). B. Undivided leaf (Müller 3621 ([LZ]). C. Trilobed leaf (Schneider et al. 2819 [USM]). D. Broadened apex of main leaf lobe. E. Deeply divided (to midvein) leaf (Müller et al. 1738 [LZ]). F & G. Narrowly obtuse to rounded apices of main leaf lobes (Weigend et al. 8400 & 8399 [LZ]). H. Erect bifid hair. I. Glandular hair (both Ferreyra 12485 [FR]). J. Apical part of flexuose inflorescence axis with remaining basal parts of pedicels and one fruiting flower (Müller et al. 12244 [LZ]). Illustrations by Julio V. Schneider.
Evaluation of forage quality in a pea breeding program using a hyperspectral sensing system
<p>The dataset includes the leaf reflectance spectra collected using a spectroradiometer and the associated biomass quality traits from laboratory-based near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis from pea breeding trials. The data is used for analysis in the publication "Evaluation of Forage Quality in a Pea Breeding Program Using a Hyperspectral Sensing System".</p>
Figure 4. a in One tree, many colonies: colony structure, breeding system and colonization events of host trees in tunnelling Melissotarsus ants
Figure 4. a, number of matings per queen for each monogyne colony in each population. b, relatedness values among nestmate workers for each colony. Arrows indicate relatedness values between alate queens (rA-A) and the triangle indicates relatedness value between queens in the SL11 polygyne colony.
Figure 3 in One tree, many colonies: colony structure, breeding system and colonization events of host trees in tunnelling Melissotarsus ants
Figure 3. Clustering of nests in the overall sampling using principal component analysis of the microsatellite markers. Clustering analyses were subsequently run for each of the four populations of nests.
Figure 1 in One tree, many colonies: colony structure, breeding system and colonization events of host trees in tunnelling Melissotarsus ants
Figure 1. Geographic positions of the 34 nests of Melissotarsus sampled in four localities in South Africa, and one pooled sample from Mozambique. Insets indicate sampling positions of nests within the localities of uMkhuze (left) and St Lucia (right). Nests located on the same branch or tree are indicated with the same label.
Figure 2 in One tree, many colonies: colony structure, breeding system and colonization events of host trees in tunnelling Melissotarsus ants
Figure 2. Graphical representation of STRUCTURE results determining the number of genetic groups in the overall dataset for different values of K. Each genetic group is characterized by a colour; and each individual is represented by a vertical bar according to its probability of belonging to each group. Distinct simulations were subsequently run for the four populations, separately. In each population, grey bars below the plot indicate different colonies assigned to a single genetic group by STRUCTURE (only the pairs EC1/2 and CEc/ma are not significant using the G-test of differentiation).
Data from: Sex ratio variations among years and breeding systems in a facultatively parthenogenetic termite
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Data from: Genetic parentage analysis confirms a polygynandrous breeding system in the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus)
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Data from: Tree species composition, breeding systems, pollination and dispersal syndromes in three forest successional stages in a tropical dry forest in Mesoamerica
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