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Text-fig. 6. Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Anacardiaceae. a: Corylites sp., UAPC-ALTA sn. b: Alnus sp., BBM-PAL-sn. c: Fagopsis infructescence, GSC 7586. d: Palaeocarpinus barksdalae, UAPC-ALTA S 59493. e: Fagopsis undulata leaf, UAPC-ALTA S 67688. f: cf. Schinus compound leaf with serrated leaflets basally fused to the rachis, UAPC-ALTA S 24998. g: Rhus sp., UAPC-ALTA S 67689. Scale bars: a, e = 1 cm, b, f = 2 cm, c, d = 0.3 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance

Text-fig. 6. Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Anacardiaceae. a: Corylites sp., UAPC-ALTA sn. b: Alnus sp., BBM-PAL-sn. c: Fagopsis infructescence, GSC 7586. d: Palaeocarpinus barksdalae, UAPC-ALTA S 59493. e: Fagopsis undulata leaf, UAPC-ALTA S 67688. f: cf. Schinus compound leaf with serrated leaflets basally fused to the rachis, UAPC-ALTA S 24998. g: Rhus sp., UAPC-ALTA S 67689. Scale bars: a, e = 1 cm, b, f = 2 cm, c, d = 0.3 cm.

Text-fig. 4. Monocots. a, b: Large monocot leaf part and counterpart, UAPC-ALTA S 17955A, B. a: Wide leaf showing entire margin at left. b: Counterpart showing dark wide midrib, and and secondaries parallel to one another, arising at low acute angle. c–e: Monocot leaf with parallel venation. c: Overview of elongate monocot leaf with parallel veins horizontal and linear to oval structures and smaller leaf fragment of same type lacking them (at lower right), UAPC-ALTA S 59491. d: Higher magnification of the smaller fragment with weak cross veins. e: Higher magnification of larger specimen with linear to oval structures between parallel veins. f, g: Monocot leaf with parallel venation. Fig. (f) shows higher magnification and (g) shows overview, BBM-PAL-P000009. Scale bars: a, b = 5 cm, c = 4 cm, d–f = 1 cm, g = 2 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance

Text-fig. 4. Monocots. a, b: Large monocot leaf part and counterpart, UAPC-ALTA S 17955A, B. a: Wide leaf showing entire margin at left. b: Counterpart showing dark wide midrib, and and secondaries parallel to one another, arising at low acute angle. c–e: Monocot leaf with parallel venation. c: Overview of elongate monocot leaf with parallel veins horizontal and linear to oval structures and smaller leaf fragment of same type lacking them (at lower right), UAPC-ALTA S 59491. d: Higher magnification of the smaller fragment with weak cross veins. e: Higher magnification of larger specimen with linear to oval structures between parallel veins. f, g: Monocot leaf with parallel venation. Fig. (f) shows higher magnification and (g) shows overview, BBM-PAL-P000009. Scale bars: a, b = 5 cm, c = 4 cm, d–f = 1 cm, g = 2 cm.

Text-fig. 7. Sapindaceae, Polygalaceae, Malvaceae. a: cf. Dipteronia or Koelreuteria pinnately compound leaf with serrate leaflets, UAPC-ALTA S 59500. b, c: Dipteronia brownii, UAPC-ALTA S 59494AB, UAPC-ALTA S 59488. d: Koelreuteria dilcheri fruit valve, BBM-PAL-P000011. e: Acer, BBM-PAL-P000012. f: Detail of Deviacer fruit body from (h). g: Florissantia quilchenensis calyx, UAPC-ALTA S 26364. h: Deviacer wolfei. UAPC-ALTA S 67690. i, j: Florissantia quilchenensis calyces. i: BBM-PAL-P000013. j: BBM-PAL-P000014. Scale bars: a–e, g–j = 1 cm; f = 5 mm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance

Text-fig. 7. Sapindaceae, Polygalaceae, Malvaceae. a: cf. Dipteronia or Koelreuteria pinnately compound leaf with serrate leaflets, UAPC-ALTA S 59500. b, c: Dipteronia brownii, UAPC-ALTA S 59494AB, UAPC-ALTA S 59488. d: Koelreuteria dilcheri fruit valve, BBM-PAL-P000011. e: Acer, BBM-PAL-P000012. f: Detail of Deviacer fruit body from (h). g: Florissantia quilchenensis calyx, UAPC-ALTA S 26364. h: Deviacer wolfei. UAPC-ALTA S 67690. i, j: Florissantia quilchenensis calyces. i: BBM-PAL-P000013. j: BBM-PAL-P000014. Scale bars: a–e, g–j = 1 cm; f = 5 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Source parameter of hydraulic-fracturing-induced earthquakes in the Kiskatinaw area, northeast British Columbia

Source parameter of 2475 hydraulic-fracturing-induced earthquakes (1927 events using P-wave estimates and 1882 events using S-wave estimates) in the Kiskatinaw area, northeast British Columbia between 1 July 2017 to 31 July 2020. The Study area covers parts of the Montney Formation, a major shale gas play within the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Source parameters include seismic moment, moment magnitude, spectral corner frequency, and static stress drop values using three different approaches (single spectrum fitting, a clustered event approach, and spectral-ratio method). Detailed information about the methods are stated in the corresponding publication: Roth, M. P., K. B. Kemna, R. M. Harrington, and Y. Liu (2022). Source properties of hydraulic-fracturing-induced earthquakes in the Kiskatinaw area, British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022750">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022750</a>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

MEASUREMENTS AND CONTROLS ON MID-WINTER ALPINE GROUND THERMAL REGIME IN THE PURCELL MOUNTAINS, BRITISH COLUMBIA [Dataset]

Datasets and coding from my MSc Thesis titled MEASUREMENTS AND CONTROLS ON MID-WINTER ALPINE GROUND THERMAL REGIME IN THE PURCELL MOUNTAINS, BRITISH COLUMBIA.  Data includes shallow ground, surface, and basal snow temperatures from 29 alpine ground thermal regime monitoring sites and meteorological data from one station located at Conrad Glacier basin in the Purcell Mountains, BC. Data were collected from August 2020 to August 2021.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Fig. 4 in Sisubiotus hakaiensis sp. nov. (Tardigrada, Macrobiotidae), a new tardigrade species from Calvert Island (British Columbia, Canada)

Fig. 4. Sisubiotus hakaiensis sp. nov., buccal-pharyngeal apparatus in PCM. A, D–E. Paratype (JYUt. S1911_SL4_C). B–C. Paratype (JYUt.S1911_SL2_B). A. In toto buccal-pharyngeal apparatus. B–C. Placoids, arrowheads indicate constrictions in the macroplacoids. D *. Dorsal Oral Cavity Armature (OCA), empty arrowheads indicate the three bands of the OCA. E*. OCA, empty arrowheads indicate the three bands of the OCA. Deep-focus images obtained by stacking are indicated in the figures caption with an asterisk (*). Scale bars: A = 50 μm; B–E = 20 μm.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Fig. 1 in Sisubiotus hakaiensis sp. nov. (Tardigrada, Macrobiotidae), a new tardigrade species from Calvert Island (British Columbia, Canada)

Fig. 1. Bayesian phylogenetic placement of the new species of Sisubiotus Stec, Vecchi, Calhim & Michalczyk, 2021. Values above/below branches are Bayesian posterior probability values. Scale bar indicates mutations/site.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Fig. 3 in Sisubiotus hakaiensis sp. nov. (Tardigrada, Macrobiotidae), a new tardigrade species from Calvert Island (British Columbia, Canada)

Fig. 3. Sisubiotus hakaiensis sp. nov., claws in PCM. A*, C. Paratype (JYUt.S1911_SL3_A). Claws II– III. B, D. Holotype (JYUt.S1911_SL5_B). Claws IV. Arrowhead indicates horseshoe-shaped structure under claws IV. Deep-focus images obtained by stacking are indicated in the figures caption with an asterisk (*). Scale bars =10 μm.

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Data from: Diversity among rare and common congeneric plant species from the Garry oak and Okanagan shrub-steppe ecosystems in British Columbia: implications for conservation

Using universal non-coding chloroplast DNA markers (cpDNA), we investigated genetic diversity and genetic structure in four rare and common plant species pairs inhabiting threatened ecosystems (Garry Oak and Okanagan shrub-steppe) in British Columbia. The species found in the Garry oak ecosystem are: Sanicula bipinnatifida (purple sanicle; Apiaceae; rare), Sanicula crassicaulis (Pacific sanicle; Apiaceae; common), and Balsamorhiza deltoidea (deltoid balsamroot; Asteraceae; rare). The species found in the Okanagan shrub-steppe ecosystem are: Balsamorhiza sagittata (arrowleaf balsamroot; Asteraceae; common), Orthocarpus barbatus (Grand Coulee owl-clover; Orobanchaceae; rare), Orthocarpus luteus (yellow owl-clover; Orobanchaceae; common), Phacelia ramosissima (branching phacelia; Hydrophyllaceae; rare), and Phacelia linearis (thread-leaved phacelia; Hydrophyllaceae; common). Eight cpDNA regions were sequenced for each study species. Sequences were aligned and concatenated within each species, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to analyze patterns of regional genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure within genera and species. Results include: total gene diversity (Ht), nucleotide diversity (π), number of private alleles, haplotype networks, isolation by distance, and analysis of molecular variance.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Figure 4. CMN 59667 in An ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation of northeastern British Columbia, Canada

Figure 4. CMN 59667 compared to other ankylosaur dorsal vertebrae. (a) Right lateral view of isolated neural arch of CMN 59667, Ankylosauria indet. (b) Left lateral view of third dorsal vertebra from AMNH 5337, Euoplocephalus tutus. (c) Left lateral view of seventh dorsal vertebra of AMNH 5895, Ankylosaurus magniventris. Abbreviations are as follows: c – centrum; d – diapophysis; ns – neural spine; p – parapophysis; poz – postzygapophysis; prz – prezygapophysis; tp – transverse process.

Figure 2. CMN 59667 in An ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation of northeastern British Columbia, Canada

Figure 2. CMN 59667, block including portions of two ankylosaur dorsal vertebrae and two probable ankylosaur ribs. (a) Photograph and (b) interpretive illustration of isolated centrum (lateral view) and isolated neural arch (oblique dorsolateral view). (c) Reverse side of block, showing remains of two ribs and parts of the vertebrae, and (d) interpretive illustration of the same. Abbreviations are as follows: c – centrum; d – diapophysis; ns – neural spine; pz – postzygapophysis; tp – transverse process; r1 – rib 1; r2 – rib 2; ri1 – impression of rib 1.

Figure 1. CMN 59667 in An ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation of northeastern British Columbia, Canada

Figure 1. CMN 59667 was collected along the Pine River in northeastern British Columbia, approximately 1.6 km downstream of its junction with the Murray River. Sedimentological and palaeontological features in this area suggest these are outcrops of the upper two-thirds of allomember E of the Dunvegan Formation. (a) Location of the collection site for CMN 59667 in British Columbia, Canada, indicated by a red star (inset map shows location in western Canada). (b) Tetrapodosaurus pes natural cast (RBCM P1473) discovered at this site; anterior is to the right. (c) RBCM P1028, sample with Metasequoia leaf and obovate or elliptical angiosperm leaf with entire margin (leaf morphotype 122; Ash et al., 1999). (d) RBCM P1030, palmately lobed angiosperm leaf (leaf morphotypes 140–143; Ash et al., 1999). (e) Cliff-forming outcrops on the eastern bank of the Pine River, 1.6 km from its junction with the Murray River, as viewed from the west bank. (f) Gymnosperm cone in cross section (not collected), observed on the west bank of the Pine River.

Figure 3 in An ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation of northeastern British Columbia, Canada

Figure 3. Details of vertebrae of CMN 59667. (a) Right lateral view of isolated neural arch (with oblique ventrolateral view of adhering isolated centrum), showing the diapophyseal sulcus on the transverse process. (b) Axial view of the isolated centrum, broken at its approximate mid-length, showing strong constriction of the centrum. (c) Ventral view of the transverse process of the isolated neural arch, showing the diapophyseal sulcus. Abbreviations are as follows: c – centrum; d – diapophysis; ns – neural spine; pz – postzygapophysis; tp – transverse process.

Fig. 4 in Further Desmostylian Remains from the late Oligocene of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

Fig. 4. Desmostylian mammal Cornwallius sookensis (Cornwall, 1922) (CMN 9196) from unknown locality, Sooke Formation, late Oligocene, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Right m2 or m3, in occlusal (A1), lingual (A2), and buccal (A3) views. Note that this tooth is almost a perfect mirror image of the holotype of C. sookensis (RBCM 486). Cusps are labeled according to Beatty (2009).

Fig. 3 in Further Desmostylian Remains from the late Oligocene of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

Fig. 3. Desmostylian mammal Cornwallius sookensis (Cornwall, 1922) (RBCM.EH2005.002.0001) from Sooke Formation, late Oligocene, Kirby Creek, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Right M2 or M3, in occlusal (A 1), lingual (A 2), buccal (A 3), and mesial (A 4) views. Cusps are labeled according to Beatty (2009).

Fig. 2 in Further Desmostylian Remains from the late Oligocene of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

Fig. 2. Desmostylian mammal Behemotops cf. B. proteus Domning, Ray, and McKenna, 1986 (RBCM EH2008 010 0001) from Sooke Formation, late Oligocene, Muir Creek, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Partial molar tooth, in occlusal (A1), lingual (A2), and buccal (A3) views.

Fig. 1 in Further Desmostylian Remains from the late Oligocene of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

Fig. 1. Map of the Vancouver region (British Columbia, Canada) with Sooke Formation exposures that produced the desmostylian specimens reported here (marked with an asterisk). The dashed line indicates the border between the USA and Canada.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Fig. 3 in A large marine eosauropterygian reptile with affinities to nothosauroid diapsids from the Early Triassic of British Columbia, Canada

Fig. 3. Early Triassic map showing occurrences of Early Triassic (Olenekian) and Middle Triassic (Anisian) with potential apex predators in the respective marine ecosystems. Larger Eosauropterygia are represented by a nothosaur-shape and larger Ichthyopterygia by an ichthyosaur-shape. 1, Nevada and Idaho, USA: ichthyopterygian Thalattoarchon (Anisian), "Cymbospondylus"-like, shastasaur-like ichthyopterygians and Cymbospondylus spp. (Smithian/Spathian–Anisian); 2, British Columbia, Canada: Sauropterygia cf. Nothosauroidea indet. (TMP 1995.116.0023) (Smithian/Spathian–Anisian); 3, Svalbard: "Cymbospondylus" like ichthyopterygians or Pessopteryx? (Smithian/Spathian–Anisian); 4, Central Europe: Cymbospondylus buchseri; Nothosaurus giganteus (Anisian); 5, Luoping, southern China: Nothosaurus zhangi (Anisian). Please note that, although there are Spathian age eosauropterygians and ichthyosaurs known from Anhui Province, eastern China, these are not considered large predators herein, although they could still be apex-predators in their respective ecosystems (compare to Hansen and Galetti 2009). It is further noteworthy that the reptile record from the Smithian is virtually inexistent, with maybe the exception of a few isolated bones (e.g., Massare and Callaway 1994), which so far supports an early rapid dispersal of reptiles mainly during the Spathian. Data and map modified from Scheyer et al. 2014 and Romano et al. 2017, with additions by Fröbisch et al. 2013; Maxwell and Kear 2013; Liu et al. 2014. Abbreviations: Dien., Dienerian; G., Griesbachian; M. Trias., Middle Triassic; Smith., Smithian.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Fig. 1. 3D in A large marine eosauropterygian reptile with affinities to nothosauroid diapsids from the Early Triassic of British Columbia, Canada

Fig. 1. 3D landscape images of Ganoid Ridge, Wapiti Lake area, British Columbia [downloaded from Google Earth Pro on October 3rd 2018; imagery Landsat/Copernicus (09/14/2011), ©2018 DigitalGlobe, ©2018 Province of British Columbia]. A. Overview of the complete Ganoid Ridge reversed). White letters indicate different cirques at Ganoid Ridge. The stippled white line indicates the trend of the major anticline in the area (adopted from Mutter 2004: fig. 1a and references therein). B. Close-up of the southeastern cirques of Ganoid Ridge seen from the North. The anticline is well visible in the grey sediments of the Permian Mowitch Formation in the E and D cirques, surrounded by the darker brownish colored sediments of the Sulphur Mountain Formation. C. Close-up of the fossil site 54°30'32" N; 120°41'24" W) indicated by the white star in the talus slop of the L cirque, seen from the Northeast. Note that well exposed layers in the E cirque can be traced into the L cirque, indicating a similar stratigraphic succession in both cirques. Abbreviations: MM, Meosin Mountain Member; MO, Mowitch Formation; P, Phroso Member, V, Vega Member.