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FIGURE 6. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, males. A in Further revision of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda): redescription of B. brevimanus Lilljeborg, reevaluation of B. cederströmii Schödler, and description of a new species of the genus

FIGURE 6. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, males. A: Stechlin See (Germany). B, D: Ekoln (Sweden). C: Madu See (Lake Miedwie) (Poland). E, F: Upland (Sweden). A, general lateral view. B, thoracic limb of first pair (tl I), inner view (clasping hook arrowed). C, D, proximal part of distal segment of tl I with clasping hook of adult and juvenile male, respectively. E, clasping hook. F, copulatory appendage.

FIGURE 3. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, females. A, B in Further revision of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda): redescription of B. brevimanus Lilljeborg, reevaluation of B. cederströmii Schödler, and description of a new species of the genus

FIGURE 3. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, females. A, B: Lake Obsterno (Belarus). D‒F: Lake Richi (Belarus). G, H: Madu See (Lake Miedwie) (Poland). I: Lake Dargin (Poland). J, K: Lake Aspern (Norway). L: Lake Store Skillingen (Norway). M, N, V: Onkijärvi (Sweden). O: Lake Nerika (Sweden). P: Lake Saxen? (Sweden). Q‒S: Gotland (Sweden). T, U: Storsjön (Sweden). W: Ekoln (Sweden). A, J, M, Q, distal part of first endopodital segment of tl I. B‒I, K, L, N‒P, R‒U, distal part of second endopodital segment of tl I. V, distal part of protopodites of tl II and tl III, outer view. W, thoracic limb of first pair (tl I) with short distal segment.

FIGURE 2. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, females. A‒D in Further revision of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda): redescription of B. brevimanus Lilljeborg, reevaluation of B. cederströmii Schödler, and description of a new species of the genus

FIGURE 2. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, females. A‒D: Argazinskoye reservoir (Russia). E, F: Lake Richi (Belarus). A, B, distal part of mandible (spinules arrowed). C, papillae of mandibular process. D, spinules on distal part of mandible. E, pseudognathobase of tl II (pore arrowed). F, anterior seta of second endopodital segment of tl II. Scale bars: 20 µm (A, B), 5 µm (C, E, F), 1 µm (D).

FIGURE 1. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, females. A, B in Further revision of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda): redescription of B. brevimanus Lilljeborg, reevaluation of B. cederströmii Schödler, and description of a new species of the genus

FIGURE 1. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, females. A, B: Lake Obsterno (Belarus). C, Sheksninskoe reservoir (Russia). D‒N: Lake Sita (Belarus). A, general lateral view. B, caudal process. C, antennules. D, swimming antenna. E, seta on proximal part of antennal basipodite. F, apical end of lower antennal branch. G, the same of upper antennal branch. H, distal end of second segment of upper antennal branch. I, thoracic limb of first pair (tl I). J, setae of distal end of first endopodital segment of tl I. K, the same of second endopodital segment of tl I. L, M, N, thoracic limbs of second, third, and fourth pairs, respectively (as—anterior setae, es—external setae).

FIGURE 12 in Further revision of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda): redescription of B. brevimanus Lilljeborg, reevaluation of B. cederströmii Schödler, and description of a new species of the genus

FIGURE 12. Bythotrephes cederströmii Schödler, 1877, females. A‒C: Lake Pozemskoye (Karelia, Russia). D, E: Lake Nizhnee Nilm-ozero (Karelia, Russia); Lake Taiylaar (Yakutia, Russia). G‒J: Lake Erne (Ireland). K: Lake Onega (Karelia, Russia). L: Millsjön (Sweden). M: Muniovara (Sweden). N: Karesuando (Sweden). A, D, E, G, K, L, postabdomen and proximal part of caudal process with claws. B, C, H—J, M, N, bend of caudal process. F, distal part of protopodites of tl II and tl III, outer view.

FIGURE 5. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, females. A‒D in Further revision of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda): redescription of B. brevimanus Lilljeborg, reevaluation of B. cederströmii Schödler, and description of a new species of the genus

FIGURE 5. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, females. A‒D: Lake Richi (Belarus). B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877, females. E, F: Lake Nizhnee Nilm-ozero (Russia). A, B, pseudognathobase of tl III and tl IV, respectively (pores arrowed). C, claws of postabdomen and caudal process. D, surface of caudal process with minute spinules. E, apical end of lower antennal branch. F, armament of distal end of third segment of upper antennal branch. Scale bars: 100 µm (C), 10 µm (A, D‒F), 5 µm (B).

FIGURE 11 in Further revision of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda): redescription of B. brevimanus Lilljeborg, reevaluation of B. cederströmii Schödler, and description of a new species of the genus

FIGURE 11. Bythotrephes cederströmii Schödler, 1877. A‒D: females, Lake Nizhnee Nilm-ozero (Russia). E, F: male, Lake Taiyllaar (Russia). A, B, C, pseudognathobase of tl II, tl III, and tl IV, respectively (pores arrowed). D, anterior seta of second endopodital segment of tl II. E, hook on inner proximal part of distal endopodital segment of tl I (denticulated area arrowed). F, denticulated area near male's hook. Scale bars: 20 µm (A, B, E), 10 µm (C, D), 5 µm (F).

FIGURE 4. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, females. A in Further revision of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda): redescription of B. brevimanus Lilljeborg, reevaluation of B. cederströmii Schödler, and description of a new species of the genus

FIGURE 4. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, females. A: Lake Obsterno (Belarus). B: Lake Dolgoye (Belarus). C: Lake Richi (Belarus). D: Lake Dargin (Poland). E: Stechlin See (Germany). F, L: Lake Ringsjøen (Norway). G: Lake Aspern (Norway). H: Onkijärvi (Sweden). I: Ekoln (Sweden). J: Storsjön (Sweden). K: unnamed locality (Sweden). M: Argazinskoye reservoir (Russia). N: Hantaiskoye reservoir (Eastern Siberia, Russia). O: Store Skillingen (Norway). A‒K, M, N, claws of postabdomen and caudal process. L, apical setae of caudal process. O, caudal process of female of first generation hatched from resting egg.

FIGURE 16 in Further revision of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda): redescription of B. brevimanus Lilljeborg, reevaluation of B. cederströmii Schödler, and description of a new species of the genus

FIGURE 16. Bythotrephes lilljeborgi sp. nov., type specimens, females (A‒F, J, K‒O) and males (G‒I). A, C, E, G‒O: Lake Ringsjön (Sweden). B: Lake Solensjoen (Norway). D: Lake Storfiskevann (Norway). F: Nizhnekamskoe reservoir (Russia). A‒ F, claws of postabdomen and caudal process. G, general lateral view. H, inner proximal part of distal segment of tl I with a hook. I, copulatory appendage. J, thoracic limb of second pair (tlII). K, thoracic limb of third pair (tl III). L, thoracic limb of fourth pair (tl IV). M‒O, pseudognathobases of tl II, tl III and tl IV, respectively.

FIGURE 7. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, female. A‒C in Further revision of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda): redescription of B. brevimanus Lilljeborg, reevaluation of B. cederströmii Schödler, and description of a new species of the genus

FIGURE 7. Bythotrephes brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, female. A‒C: "Westpreussen, Karschtafen in Massgrau Bau, 2/7 1900, Seligo" (Poland). A, female with developed brood pouch with late embryos inside. B, C, late embryos with eggs in brood pouches (arrowed). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B, C).

FIGURE 15 in Further revision of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda): redescription of B. brevimanus Lilljeborg, reevaluation of B. cederströmii Schödler, and description of a new species of the genus

FIGURE 15. Bythotrephes lilljeborgi sp. nov., type specimens, females. A—J, L, M, O—S: Lake Ringsjön (Sweden). K: Lake Storfiskevann (Norway). N: Lake Solensjoen (Norway). A, general lateral view. B, distal part of caudal process. C, antennules. D, labrum (l) with its anterior prominence (p). E, swimming antenna. F, apical end of second segment of upper antennal branch. G, end of apical segment of upper antennal branch. H, end of apical segment of lower antennal branch. I, thoracic limb of first pair (tl I). J, pseudognathobase of tl I. K, distal part of of tl I. L, O, distal setae of first endopodital segment of tl I. M, N, P‒S, distal setae of second endopodital segment of tl I.

FIGURE 4. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B in Morphological assessment of the North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 4. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B. cederströmii, females (A–G, Iriklinskoe Reservoir; H–O—Lake Saimaa, Finland). A–F, H, L–O, postabdominal and caudal claws. G, I–K, bend of caudal process.

FIGURE 3. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B in Morphological assessment of the North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 3. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B. cederströmii, females (A–F, Gor'kovskoe Reservoir; F–J— Verhnekamskoe Reservoir; K, L—the Gulf of Finland). A, brood pouch with resting eggs. B–L, postabdominal and caudal claws.

FIGURE 1. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B in Morphological assessment of the North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 1. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B. cederströmii, females (Rybinskoe Reservoir, Central European Russia). A, general lateral view. B, dorsal seta on proximal part of antennal basipodite. C, setae of distal end of first endopodital segment of tl I. D, E, the same of second endopodital segment of tl I. F, distal part of protopodites of tl II and tl III, outer view. G, apical setae of caudal process. H–R, caudal process and postabdominal and caudal claws. S, caudal process with highly sclerotized parts.

FIGURE 6. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B in Morphological assessment of the North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 6. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B. cederströmii, females (A–G). Bythotrephes sp. x B. cederströmii, females (H–M). (A–F, Lake Gusinoe; G, Lake Zaysan; H–M, Lake Borzu-Khol'). A–E, J, K, postabdominal and caudal claws. F, L, M, bend of caudal process. G, I, setae of distal end of second endopodital segment of tl I. H, the same of first endopodital segment of tl I.

FIGURE 12 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 12. The supposed hybrids Bythotrephes cederströmii x "B. crassicaudus"; parthenogenetic females (Schweden, Karesuando (Prov. Norrbotten): A, F; Russia, Lake Onega: C, I; Lake Pozemskoje (Karelia): E, J; Uglecheskoje Reservoir (Central European Russia): B, G, H; Lake Taiylar (Yakutia, Eastern Siberia): D). A–E, proximal part of caudal process. F–J, curve of caudal process.

FIGURE 5 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 5. Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, parthenogenetic females, Bodensee (Germany) (type locality). A, seta of first segment of endopodite of tl I. B, distal parts of apical setae of tl I. C, anterior apical seta of tl III. D, E, pseudognathobase of tl II and tl III, respectively (pore arrowed). F, proximal parts of apical setae of tl I, G, tl IV (ex = external setae, int = internal setae). H, apical end of pseudognathobase of tl IV. I, surface of caudal process with minute spinules. Scale bars: 20µm (B); 10µm (F, G, I); 5 µm (A, C, D, E, H).

FIGURE 11 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 11. Bythotrephes cederströmii Schödler, parthenogenetic female (Schweden: Lake Saxen (Prov. Värmland) (paralectotypes): A–H, J, K, L; Lake Holvuvistjarn (Prov. Närke) (paralectotypes): M,N; Lake Bolmen (Prov. Småland): G, I. A, general lateral view. B, F, G, caudal process. C, I, caudal curve. D, denticles of caudal curve. E, proximal parts of tl I–tl III, outer view. H, claws of caudal process, dorsal view. J, tl I. K, N, apical setae of first segment of endopodite of tl I. L, M, apical setae of second segment of endopodite of tl I.

FIGURE 10 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 10. Bythotrephes cederströmii Schödler, parthenogenetic female (Schweden: Lake Saxen (Prov. Värmland) (lectotype), general lateral view (bend on spine is arrowed). Scale bar 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 7. Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, parthenogenetic females (Switzerland: Lake Geneva (Lac Leman): A, D, I, U– W; Vierwaldstättersee: G, K, L, P; Lake Neuchâtel: B, E, J, Q, T; Italy: Lago di Garda (Lake Garda): C, F, M, O, S; Lago di Como (Comer See): H, N, R). A–C, thoracic limbs of first pair (tl I). D, G, E, F, H, claws of postabdomen and caudal process. I–N, apical setae of first segment of endopodite of tl I. O–W, apical setae of second segment of endopodite of tl I.