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32 results for “C4 grass”
Increasing abundance of an invasive C4 grass is associated with larger community changes away than at home
<p><strong><span>Aim</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> We evaluated the stands of the invasive grass, <em>Sporobolus cryptandrus</em> in its native North American and non-native European range, where it is a recent invader. Our aim was to reveal how the species' increasing abundance affects functional diversity and ecosystem service provisioning capacities of plant communities in both ranges.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> Sand</span> <span>grasslands in the Kiskunság, Hungary, and in Montana, USA.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> All vascular plant species and their relative abundances were recorded </span><span>in a stratified random manner in 1</span><span>m×1m </span><span>plots in</span><span> each range, using the following cover categories of <em>Sporobolus</em> as strata: 1–25%, 26–50%, 50–75%, and 75–100%. The functional characteristics of the plant communities of the two continents were compared. We performed the comparisons of the communities both with and without including Sporobolus.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span><strong>: </strong>Increasing <em>Sporobolus</em> cover resulted in a lower functional diversity and species richness, reduced average specific leaf area, and increased height of the whole plant communities in both ranges but these effects were significantly stronger in the non-native stands. <em>Sporobolus</em> also negatively affected the cover of insect-pollinated plant species and the proportion of native perennials, switching the rest of the community from perennial-dominated to annual-dominated. In the plant communities without <em>Sporobolus</em>, increasing <em>Sporobolus</em> cover led to higher specific leaf area and seed mass in both ranges, but average height was decreasing along the <em>Sporobolus</em> abundance gradient in the native range, while it was increasing in the non-native range. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> The spread of <em>Sporobolus</em>, away from its native range, leads to the impoverishment of host communities and compromises the biomass and floral resource provisioning capacity of the vegetation to higher trophic levels. Tackling the spread of this new invader should therefore be a priority task.</span></p>
Traits explain sorting of C4 grasses along a global precipitation gradient
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Increasing abundance of an invasive C4 grass is associated with larger community changes away than at home
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Data from: C4 savanna grasses fail to maintain assimilation in drying soil under low CO2 compared with C3 trees despite lower leaf water demand
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Continued adaptation of C4 photosynthesis after an initial burst of changes in the Andropogoneae grasses
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Can prescribed fires restore C4 grasslands invaded by a C3 woody species and a co-dominant C3 grass species?
<p>Prescribed fire is used to reduce woody plant invasion and restore herbaceous production and diversity in grasslands and savannas worldwide. Here we determined if a concentrated series of repeated-winter, repeated-summer, or alternate-season (winter and summer) fires in a short timeframe ("transition fires") could catalyze the restoration of C<sub>4</sub> perennial grasses in Southern Great Plains, USA grasslands that had become dominated by a fire-tolerant C<sub>3</sub> woody N<sub>2</sub>-fixer (honey mesquite, <i>Prosopis glandulosa</i>) and a C<sub>3</sub> perennial bunchgrass (Texas wintergrass, <i>Nassella leucotricha</i>). We applied transition fires over a 5-year span, and maintenance fires on a portion of each plot 7 or 8 years later. We measured herbaceous standing biomass and cover and soil variables (soil organic C, N, δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) in unburned, transition-burned and maintenance-burned treatments. Greater δ<sup>13</sup>C at 10-20 (-17 ‰) than 0-10 (-20 ‰) cm depth increment confirmed that vegetation was historically mostly C<sub>4</sub> grassland that shifted towards C<sub>3</sub> dominance. Transition treatments with summer fire were most effective at top-killing mesquite, but no treatments root-killed >3%. Regrowth of top-killed mesquite was similar in all treatments and reached pre-fire height by 9 to 10 years post-fire. Herbaceous production and cover responses showed that: (1) alternate-season transition fires increased C<sub>4</sub> mid-grass, but did not change Texas wintergrass, (2) repeated-summer fires reduced Texas wintergrass, but did not change C<sub>4</sub> mid-grass, and (3) repeated-winter fires did not change C<sub>4</sub> mid-grass or Texas wintergrass compared to the unburned control. All maintenance fires stimulated Texas wintergrass biomass and cover, thus eliminating the reduction of Texas wintergrass caused by repeated-summer transition fires. There were no long-term effects of transition fires on soil C, N, δ<sup>13</sup>C or δ<sup>15</sup>N. Results advance our understanding of the expectations and limitations of prescribed fire in shifting a woodland alternate state toward what was historically a fire supported C<sub>4</sub> grassland/savanna.</p>
Data from: Madagascar's ephemeral palaeo-grazer guild: who ate the ancient C4 grasses?
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Can prescribed fires restore C4 grasslands invaded by a C3 woody species and a co-dominant C3 grass species?
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Data from: Madagascar's ephemeral palaeo-grazer guild: who ate the ancient C4 grasses?
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Data from: Anatomical enablers and the evolution of C4 photosynthesis in grasses
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Systems analysis of long-term heat stress responses in the C4 grass Setaria viridis
GEO Series GSE216993. Setaria viridis. 11 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Genes under positive selection and their recruitment order during C4 emergence in Grass
GEO Series GSE87086. Bothriochloa ischaemum; Arundinella pubescens; Arundinella nepalensis; Arundinella hirta; Imperata cylindrica; Arundinella anomala; Arundinella fluviatilis; Capillipedium parviflorum. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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