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Voyager 2 Low-Energy Charged Particle (LECP) Background-Corrected Electron Differential Fluxes, Daily Data in CDF Format

This data set contains data from the LECP instrument on the Voyager 2 spacecraft. Each record in a file contains 1-day (24-hour) scan-averaged fluxes and flux uncertainties of electrons in two contiguous energy channels that cover the energy range 22-61 keV. The period 2006/001 through 2018/304 includes electrons measured upstream of the termination shock and in the heliosheath up to heliopause crossing. The voyager 2 LECP instrument steps through eight, 45 deg full-angle sectors, spending 192 sec in each sector, yielding a full scan through 360 deg every 25.6 min. The LECP scan plane is nearly parallel to RT-plane of the heliospheric RTN coordinate system. The electron data are averaged over the seven active sectors S1-S7; S8 is behind the sun-shield and not included in the average.-- Electron channels designated EB01 and EB02-- Data have been corrected to remove background due to penetrating cosmic ray ions-- Electron fluxes and uncertainties (one st. dev.) in units: (cm^2 s sr MeV)^-1-- Data are 5-point running averages of daily values-- Values -9.900e+01 used for missing or nonphysical data-- Negative year indicates filled data for the associated doy

DMSP F18 Special Sensors-Ions, Electrons, and Scintillation (SSIES) Thermal Plasma Analysis Package, Level 2 (L2), 1 s Data in CDF Format

The Special Sensors-Ions, Electrons, and Scintillation (SSIES) thermal plasma analysis package is a suite of instruments built by the Center for Space Sciences at the University of Texas at Dallas and flown on a number of the DMSP satellites. SSIESS includes a Retarding Potential Analyzer (RPA), Ion Drift meter (IDM), scintillation meter, and Langmuir probe.

SOHO Charge, Element, and Isotope Analysis System (CELIAS) Proton Monitor (PM) 5-minute Solar Wind Data in CDF Format

The data include 5-minute proton speed, density, most probable thermal speed, and arrival direction, as well as predicted alpha-particle speed. Also included are the SOHO spacecraft predicted positon in GSE coordinates, Heliocentric Range, Heliographic Latitude and Longitude, and Earth Carrington Rotation Number. This CDF dataset was converted from the original ASCII dataset at the SOHO Archive https://soho.nascom.nasa.gov/data/archive.html. Description of the CELIAS-PM instrument and scientific scope can be found on the CELIAS instrument home page http://www2.physik.uni-kiel.de/SOHO-CELIAS/ and on the SOHO mission home page https://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/. CELIAS Instrument Publication: Hovestadt, D., Hilchenbach, M., Bürgi, A. et al. CELIAS - Charge, Element and Isotope Analysis System for SOHO, Sol Phys 162, 441–481 (1995), https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00733436.

XMM-Newton Deep Survey in the CDF-S 5-10 keV Source Catalog

Nuclear obscuration plays a key role in the initial phases of AGN growth, yet not many highly obscured AGN are currently known beyond the local Universe, and their search is an active topic of research. The XMM-Newton survey in the Chandra Deep Field South (XMM-CDFS) aims at detecting and studying the spectral properties of a significant number of obscured and Compton-thick (NH >= 1024 cm-2) AGN. The large effective area of XMM-Newton in the 2-10 and 5-10 keV bands, coupled with a 3.45-Ms nominal exposure time (2.82 and 2.45 Ms after lightcurve cleaning for MOS and PN, respectively), allows the authors to build clean samples in both bands, and makes the XMM-CDFS the deepest XMM-Newton survey currently published in the 5-10 keV band. The large multi-wavelength and spectroscopic coverage of the CDFS area allows for an immediate and abundant scientific return. In this paper, the authors present the data reduction of the XMM-CDFS observations, the method for source detection in the 2-10 and 5-10 keV bands, and the resulting catalogs. A number of 339 and 137 sources are listed in the above bands with flux limits of 6.6 x 10-16 and 9.5 x 10-16 erg/s/cm2, respectively. The flux limits at 50% of the maximum sky coverage are 1.8 x 10-15 and 4.0 x 10-15 erg/s/cm2, respectively. The catalogs have been cross-correlated with the Chandra ones: 315 and 130 identifications have been found with a likelihood-ratio method, respectively. 15 new sources, previously undetected by Chandra, have been found; 5 of them lie in the 4-Ms area. Redshifts, either spectroscopic or photometric, are available for ~92% of the sources. The number counts in both bands are presented and compared to other works. The survey coverage has been calculated with the help of two extensive sets of simulations, one set per band. The simulations have been produced with a newly-developed simulator, written with the aim of the most careful reproduction of the background spatial properties. For this reason, the authors present a detailed decomposition of the XMM-Newton background into its components: cosmic, particle, and residual soft protons. The three components have different spatial distributions. The importance of these three components depends on the band and on the camera; the particle background is the most important one (80-90% of the background counts), followed by the soft protons (4-20%). X-ray sources were detected in the 3-Ms XMM-Newton observations of the Chandra Deep Field South. Source detection was done in two steps, first using the PWXDetect software, and then using emldetect. 137 Sources detected in the 5-10 keV band by both programs are presented in the main table, while 61 5-10 keV sources only detected by PWXDetect are presented in the supplementary table. The 2-10 and 5-10 keV bands were analyzed separately. This HEASARC table contains the main sample of 137 sources detected in the 5-10 keV band in the XMM-CDFS survey. (The table of 2-10 keV XMM-CDFS sources is also available at the HEASARC as the XMMCDFS210 table.) This table does not include the 61 supplementary sources which were detected only with PWXDetect. These supplementary sources were on average detected at low significance; many of them were on the borders of the FOV; and a few were in crowded fields where EMLDetect had trouble separating the different PSF components. Nevertheless, 4 of these sources were bright enough that a spectrum could be extracted. This table was created by the HEASARC in September 2013 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/A+A/555/A42">CDS Catalog J/A+A/555/A42</a> files main510.dat and notes510.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .

STEREO-A In-Situ Measurements of Particles and CME Transients (IMPACT) Solar Wind Electron Analyzer (SWEA) Pitch Angle Distribution, Level 2 (L2), 30 s Data in CDF format

STEREO-A In-Situ Measurements of Particles and CME Transients (IMPACT) Solar Wind Electron Analyzer (SWEA) electron pitch angle distribution (PAD) in phase space density (in units of s^3/km^6) as a function of 12 pitch angle bins (centered at 7.5, 22.5, 37.5, 52.5, 67.5, 82.5, 97.5, 112.5, 127.5, 142.5, 157.5, 172.5 deg) and 10 variable energy bins (PAD values for energies < 50 eV are forced to fill values).

ATLargeAreaSurvey(ATLAS)ELAIS-S1&CDF-S2.3-GHzSourceCatalog

The Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) aims to image a 7 deg2 region centered on the European Large Area ISO Survey - South 1 (ELAIS-S1) field and the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S) at 1.4 GHz with high sensitivity (up to sigma ~ 10 uJy) to study the evolution of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) over a wide range of cosmic time. The main goal of the present work is to study the radio spectra of an unprecedentedly large sample of sources (~ 2000 observed, ~ 600 detected in both frequencies). This table contains the results from ancillary radio observations at a frequency of 2.3 GHz which were obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). It comprises the catalog of sources with measured 1.4 GHz to 2.3 GHz spectral indices (Table 2 in the reference paper), compiled in the framework of ATLAS. It comprises only such sources which have unambiguous detections at both 1.4 GHz and 2.3 GHz, so no upper or lower limits on the spectral index based on non-detections are included. The 2.3-GHz detection limit is 300 uJy (equivalent to 4.5 sigma in the ELAIS-S1 field and 4.0 sigma in the CDF-S). The authors compute spectral indices between 1.4 GHz and 2.3 GHz using matched-resolution images and investigate various properties of their source sample in their dependence on their spectral indices. The authors find the entire source sample to have a median spectral index of -0.74, in good agreement with both the canonical value of -0.7 for optically thin synchrotron radiation and other spectral index studies conducted by various groups. Regarding the radio spectral index Alpha as indicator for source type, they find only marginal correlations so that flat or inverted spectrum sources are usually powered by AGN and hence conclude that, at least for the faint population, the spectral index is not a strong discriminator. They investigate the z-Alpha relation for their source sample and find no such correlation between spectral index and redshift at all. The authors do find a significant correlation between redshift and radio to near-infrared flux ratio, making this a much stronger tracer of high-z radio sources. They also find no evidence for a dependence of the radio-IR correlation on spectral index. This table was created by the HEASARC in August 2012 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/A+A/544/A38">CDS Catalog J/A+A/544/A38</a> file spix_pub.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .

SOHO Charge, Element, and Isotope Analysis System (CELIAS) Solar Extreme-Ultra-Violet Monitor (SEM) Daily Data in CDF Format

The data include daily average raw count rates in Channels 1 - 3 and First Order (26 - 34 nm, average of Ch1 and Ch3) and Central Order (0.1 - 50 nm, Ch2) photon fluxes, as well as SOHO Heliocentric location and distance. This CDF dataset was converted from the original ASCII dataset at the SOHO Archive https://soho.nascom.nasa.gov/data/archive.html. The original ASCII dataset Version 4 Science Product Release Notes are available at https://lasp.colorado.edu/eve/data_access/eve_data/lasp_soho_sem_data/long/LASP_SOHO_SEM_release_notes_v4.pdf. Description of the CELIAS-SEM instrument and scientific scope can befound on the CELIAS home page http://www2.physik.uni-kiel.de/SOHO-CELIAS/ and on the SOHO mission home page https://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/. CELIAS Instrument Publication: Hovestadt, D., Hilchenbach, M., Bürgi, A. et al. CELIAS - Charge, Element and Isotope Analysis System for SOHO, Sol Phys 162, 441–481 (1995), https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00733436.

DMSP F17 Special Sensors-Ions, Electrons, and Scintillation (SSIES) Thermal Plasma Analysis Package, Level 2 (L2), 1 s Data in CDF Format

SOHO Charge, Element, and Isotope Analysis System (CELIAS) Solar Extreme-Ultra-Violet Monitor (SEM) 15-second Data in CDF Format

The data include 15-second average raw count rates in Channels 1 - 3 and First Order (26 - 34 nm, average of Ch1 and Ch3) and Central Order (0.1 - 50 nm, Ch2) photon fluxes, as well as SOHO Heliocentric location and distance. This CDF dataset was converted from the original ASCII dataset at the SOHO Archive https://soho.nascom.nasa.gov/data/archive.html. The original ASCII dataset Version 4 science product release notes are available at https://lasp.colorado.edu/eve/data_access/eve_data/lasp_soho_sem_data/long/LASP_SOHO_SEM_release_notes_v4.pdf. Description of the CELIAS-SEM instrument and scientific scope can be found on the CELIAS home page http://www2.physik.uni-kiel.de/SOHO-CELIAS/ and on the SOHO home page https://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/. CELIAS Instrument Publication: Hovestadt, D., Hilchenbach, M., Bürgi, A. et al. CELIAS - Charge, Element and Isotope Analysis System for SOHO, Sol Phys 162, 441–481 (1995), https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00733436.

SOHO Charge, Element, and Isotope Analysis System (CELIAS) Proton Monitor (PM) 30-second Solar Wind Data in CDF Format

The data include 30-second proton speed, density, most probable thermal speed, and arrival direction, as well as predicted alpha-particle speed. Also included are the SOHO spacecraft predicted positon in GSE coordinates, Heliocentric Range, Heliographic Latitude and Longitude, and Earth Carrington Rotation Number. This CDF dataset was converted from the original ASCII dataset at the SOHO Archive https://soho.nascom.nasa.gov/data/archive.html. Description of the CELIAS-PM instrument and scientific scope can be found on the CELIAS instrument home page http://www2.physik.uni-kiel.de/SOHO-CELIAS/ and on the SOHO mission home page https://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/. CELIAS Instrument Publication: Hovestadt, D., Hilchenbach, M., Bürgi, A. et al. CELIAS - Charge, Element and Isotope Analysis System for SOHO, Sol Phys 162, 441–481 (1995), https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00733436.

XMM-Newton Deep Survey in the CDF-S 2-10 keV Source Catalog

Nuclear obscuration plays a key role in the initial phases of AGN growth, yet not many highly obscured AGN are currently known beyond the local Universe, and their search is an active topic of research. The XMM-Newton survey in the Chandra Deep Field South (XMM-CDFS) aims at detecting and studying the spectral properties of a significant number of obscured and Compton-thick (NH >= 1024 cm-2) AGN. The large effective area of XMM-Newton in the 2-10 and 5-10 keV bands, coupled with a 3.45-Ms nominal exposure time (2.82 and 2.45 Ms after lightcurve cleaning for MOS and PN respectively), allows the authors to build clean samples in both bands, and makes the XMM-CDFS the deepest XMM-Newton survey currently published in the 5-10 keV band. The large multi-wavelength and spectroscopic coverage of the CDFS area allows for an immediate and abundant scientific return. In this paper, the authors present the data reduction of the XMM-CDFS observations, the method for source detection in the 2-10 and 5-10 keV bands, and the resulting catalogs. A number of 339 and 137 sources are listed in the above bands with flux limits of 6.6 x 10-16 and 9.5 x 10-16 erg/s/cm2, respectively. The flux limits at 50% of the maximum sky coverage are 1.8 x 10-15 and 4.0 x 10-15 erg/s/cm2, respectively. The catalogs have been cross-correlated with the Chandra ones: 315 and 130 identifications have been found with a likelihood-ratio method, respectively. 15 new sources, previously undetected by Chandra, have been found; 5 of them lie in the 4-Ms area. Redshifts, either spectroscopic or photometric, are available for ~92% of the sources. The number counts in both bands are presented and compared to other works. The survey coverage has been calculated with the help of two extensive sets of simulations, one set per band. The simulations have been produced with a newly-developed simulator, written with the aim of the most careful reproduction of the background spatial properties. For this reason, the authors present a detailed decomposition of the XMM-Newton background into its components: cosmic, particle, and residual soft protons. The three components have different spatial distributions. The importance of these three components depends on the band and on the camera; the particle background is the most important one (80-90% of the background counts), followed by the soft protons (4-20%). X-ray sources were detected in the 3-Ms XMM-Newton observations of the Chandra Deep Field South. Source detection was done in two steps, first using the PWXDetect software, and then using emldetect. 339 Sources detected by both programs are presented in the main tables, while 74 sources only detected by PWXDetect are presented in the supplementary tables. The 2-10 and 5-10 keV bands were analyzed separately. This HEASARC table contains the main sample of 339 sources detected in the 2-10 keV band in the XMM-CDFS survey. (The table of 5-10 keV XMM-CDFS sources is also available at the HEASARC as the XMMCDFS510 table). This table does not include the 74 supplementary sources which were detected only with PWXDetect. These supplementary sources were on average detected at low significance; many of them were on the borders of the FOV; and a few were in crowded fields where EMLDetect had trouble separating the different PSF components. Nevertheless, 4 of these sources were bright enough that a spectrum could be extracted. This table was created by the HEASARC in September 2013 based on <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/A+A/555/A42">CDS Catalog J/A+A/555/A42</a> files main210.dat and notes210.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .

Wind Radio/Plasma Wave, (WAVES) Hi-Res Parameters CDF

Wind Waves RAD2, RAD1, and TNR data in CDF format. RAD1 RAD1 is the low frequency radio astronomy receiver. It sweeps over the range of 20 to 1040 kHz with as many as 256 channels. However, some of the time the number of channels is restricted to 16 or 32 so that direction of arrival and polarization information can be obtained. RAD2 RAD2 is the high frequency radio astronomy receiver. It sweeps over the range of 1.075 to 13.825 MHz with as many as 256 channels. However, some of the time the number of channels is restricted to 16 or 32 so that direction of arrival and polarization information can be obtained. TNR The thermal noise receiver (TNR) is designed to actively track the solar wind plasma frequency. TNR consists of 5 overlapping bands. Each band covers 2 octaves, with the next band beginning at the mid point of the lower band. The overall frequency range is 4 - 256 kHz. Usually the tnr is operated in a mode where the first, third and fifth bands are sampled, but occassionally the instrument is driven by neural network software which tries to pick the one band containing the plasma frequency. For more information: The Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation on the Wind Spacecraft, Sp.Sci.Rev.,Vol 71, pg, 231-263,1995

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Identification of genes regulated by GIGANTEA (GI), the CYCLING DOF FACTORS (CDFs) and the GI-CDF module

GEO Series GSE59996. Arabidopsis thaliana. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by genome tiling array.

Voyager 1 Plasma Spectrometer (PLS) High Resolution Plasma Density, Thermal Speed, and Velocity (RTN) Data in CDF Format

Voyager 1 High-Resolution Plasma Data. The files in this directory contain the Voyager fine resolution plasma data. The plasma parameters are obtained by finding the best fit of a convected isotropic Maxwellian distribution to the data. One sigma errors are typically less than 0.5% in the speed and VR, less than 5% for the density and thermal speed, and vary greatly for VT and VN. Sampling times range from 12 to 192 sec., with sampling generally more frequent early in the mission. The velocity components are given in the RTN coordinate system, where R is radially outward, T is in a plane parallel to the solar equatorial plane and positive in the direction of solar rotation, and N completes a right-handed system. Warning: the V_t and V_n parameters are often not reliable after 1989. Please consult with us, or at least send preprints, when you use these data to prevent grievous errors or misconceptions, John Richardson, jdr@space.mit.edu.

Voyager 2 1.92-s Averaged Triaxial Fluxgate Magnetometer (MAG) Interplanetary Magnetic Field in CDF Format

This data set includes the Voyager spacecraft number (1 or 2), the date-time in decimal year (90.00000 is day 1 of 1990), the magnetic field strength, F1, computed from high-resolution magnitudes, the elevation and azimuth angles in heliographic (RTN) coordinates, and the magnetic field strength, F2, computed from 1-hr averages of the components. The vector components of B can be computed from F2 and the two angles. The elevation angle is the latitude angle above or below the solar equatorial plane, and the azimuth angle is in the direction orbital motion around the Sun from the projection of the Sun-to-spacecraft axis into the solar equatorial plane. The Voyager MAG experiment and coordinates are further described in the following publication: Behannon, K.W., M.H. Acuna, L.F. Burlaga, R.P. Lepping, N.F. Ness, and F.M. Neubauer, Magnetic-Field Experiment for Voyager-1 and Voyager-2, Space Sci. Rev., 21 (3), 235-257, 1977. At the time of experiment proposal, it was expected that the required accuracy of the measurements would be 0.1 nT, determined by the combined noise of the sensors and the spacecraft field. The spacecraft magnetic field at the outboard magnetic field sensor, referred to as the primary unit, was expected to be 0.2 nT and highly variable, consistent with current estimates. Hence, the dual magnetometer design (Ness et al., 1971, 1973; Behannon et al., 1977). At distances > 40 AU, the heliospheric magnetic fields are generally much weaker than 0.4 nT; the average magnetic field strength near 40 AU and 85 AU is about 0.15 nT and 0.05 nT, respectively. The use of roll calibrations lasting about 6 hours permits determination of the effective zero levels for the two independent magnetic axes that are perpendicular to the roll axis, which is nearly parallel to the radius vector to the Sun, at intervals of about 3 months. There is no roll calibration for the third magnetic axis. Comparison of the two derived magnetic vectors from the two magnetometers permits validation of the primary magnetometer data with an accuracy of 0.02 to 0.05 nT. A discussion of the uncertainties that must be considered when using these data is given in the Appendix of Burlaga et al. (1994) and in Appendix A of Burlaga et al. (2002). References: Behannon, K.W., M.H. Acuna, L.F. Burlaga, R.P. Lepping, N.F. Ness, and F.M. Neubauer, Magnetic-Field Experiment for Voyager-1 and Voyager-2, Space Science Reviews, 21 (3), 235-257, 1977. Burlaga, L.F., Merged interaction regions and large-scale magnetic field fluctuations during 1991 - Voyager-2 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (A10), 19341-19350, 1994. Burlaga, L.F., N.F. Ness, Y.-M. Wang, and N.R. Sheeley, Jr., Heliospheric magnetic field strength and polarity from 1 to 81 AU during the ascending phase of solar cycle 23, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (A11), 1410, 2002. Ness, N., K.W. Behannon, R. Lepping, and K.H. Schatten, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 3564, 1971. Ness et al., 1973. Coordinate Systems: Interplanetary magnetic field studies make use of two important coordinate systems, the Heliographic Inertial (HGI) coordinate system and the Heliographic (HG) coordinate system. The HGI coordinate system is used to define the spacecraft's position. The HGI system is defined with its origin at the Sun. There are three orthogonal axes, X(HGI), Y(HGI), and Z(HGI). The Z(HGI) axis points northward along the Sun's spin axis. The X(HGI)-Y(HGI) plane lays in the solar equatorial plane. The intersection of the solar equatorial plane with the ecliptic plane defines a line, the longitude of the ascending node, which is taken to be the X(HGI) axis. The X(HGI) axis drifts slowly with time, approximately one degree per 72 years. The magnetic field orientation is defined in relation to the spacecraft. Drawing a line from the Sun's center (HGI origin) to the spacecraft defines the X axis of the HG coordinate system. The HG coordinate system is defined with its origin centered at the spacecraft. Three orthogonal axes are defined, X(HG), Y(HG), and Z(HG). The X(HG) axis points radially away from the Sun and the Y(HG) axis is parallel to the solar equatorial plane and therefore parallel to the X(HGI)-Y(HGI) plane as well. The Z(HG) axis is chosen to complete the orthonormal triad. An excellent reference guide with diagrams explaining the HGI and HG systems may be found in L.F. Burlaga, MHD Processes in the Outer Heliosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 39, 255-316, 1984.

Voyager 2 48-s Triaxial Fluxgate Magnetometer (MAG) Magnetic Field Data in CDF Format

This data set includes the Voyager spacecraft number (1 or 2), the date-time in decimal year (90.00000 is day 1 of 1990), the magnetic field strength, F1, computed from high-resolution magnitudes, the elevation and azimuth angles (degrees) in heliographic (RTN) coordinates, and the magnetic field strength, F2, computed from hour averages of the components. The vector components of B can be computed from F2 and the two angles. The elevation angle is the latitude angle above or below the solar equatorial plane, and the azimuth angle is in the direction of orbital motion around the Sun from the projection of the Sun-to-spacecraft axis into the solar equatorial plane. The Voyager MAG experiment and coordinates are further described in the following publication: Behannon, K.W., M.H. Acuna, L.F. Burlaga, R.P. Lepping, N.F. Ness, and F.M. Neubauer, Magnetic-Field Experiment for Voyager-1 and Voyager-2, Space Science Reviews, 21 (3), 235-257, 1977. At the time of experiment proposal, it was expected that the required accuracy of the measurements would be 0.1 nT, determined by the combined noise of the sensors and the spacecraft field. The spacecraft magnetic field at the outboard magnetic field sensor, referred to as the primary unit, was expected to be 0.2 nT and highly variable, consistent with current estimates. Hence, the dual magnetometer design (Ness et al., 1971, 1973; Behannon et al. 1977) was adopted. At distances > 40 AU, the heliospheric magnetic fields are generally much weaker than 0.4 nT; the average magnetic field strength near 40 AU and 85 AU is about 0.15 nT and 0.05 nT, respectively. The use of roll calibrations lasting about 6 hours permits determination of the effective zero levels for the two independent magnetic axes that are perpendicular to the roll axis (which is nearly parallel to the radial vector to the Sun) at intervals of about 3 months. There is no roll calibration for the third magnetic axis. Comparison of the two derived magnetic vectors from the two magnetometers permits validation of the primary magnetometer data with an accuracy of 0.02 to 0.05 nT. A discussion of the uncertainties that must be considered when using these data is given in the Appendix of Burlaga et al. (1994) and in Appendix A of Burlaga et al. (2002). References: Behannon, K.W., M.H. Acuna, L.F. Burlaga, R.P. Lepping, N.F. Ness, and F.M. Neubauer, Magnetic-Field Experiment for Voyager-1 and Voyager-2, Space Science Reviews, 21 (3), 235-257, 1977. Burlaga, L.F., Merged interaction regions and large-scale magnetic field fluctuations during 1991 - Voyager-2 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (A10), 19341-19350, 1994. Burlaga, L.F., N.F. Ness, Y.-M. Wang, and N.R. Sheeley Jr., Heliospheric magnetic field strength and polarity from 1 to 81 AU during the ascending phase of solar cycle 23, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (A11), 1410, 2002. Ness, N., K.W. Behannon, R. Lepping, and K.H. Schatten, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 3564, 1971. Ness et al., 1973. Coordinate Systems: Interplanetary magnetic field studies make use of two important coordinate systems, the Heliographic Inertial (HGI) coordinate system and the Heliographic (HG) coordinate system. The HGI coordinate system is use to define the spacecraft's position. The HGI system is defined with its origin at the Sun. There are three orthogonal axes, X(HGI), Y(HGI), and Z(HGI). The Z(HGI) axis points northward along the Sun's spin axis. The X(HGI)-Y(HGI) plane lays in the solar equatorial plane. The intersection of the solar equatorial plane with the ecliptic plane defines a line, the longitude of the ascending node, which is taken to be the X(HGI) axis. The X(HGI) axis drifts slowly with time, approximately one degree per 72 years. Magnetic field orientation is defined in relation to the spacecraft. Drawing a line from the Sun's center, the HGI origin, to the spacecraft defines the X axis of the HG coordinate system. The HG coordinate system is defined with its origin centered at the spacecraft. Three orthogonal axes are defined, X(HG), Y(HG), and Z(HG). The X(HG) axis points radially away from the Sun and the Y(HG) axis is parallel to the solar equatorial plane and therefore parallel to the X(HGI)-Y(HGI) plane too. The Z(HG) axis is chosen to complete the orthonormal triad. An excellent reference guide with diagrams explaining the HGI and HG systems may be found in L. F. Burlaga, MHD Processes in the Outer Heliosphere, Space and Science Reviews, 39, 255-316. Support data calib_flag_on, calib_flag_MF, and calib_flag_offset are added to file version 2. Variable calib_flag_on consists of points where bit 4 or 5 in variable magStatus equal 1. Variable calib_flag_MF represents observations where magnetometer was in cailbration mode. Variable calib_flag_offset represent delay between data points when the magnetometer was in calibration mode and data points where magStatus variable indicated calibration periods. Due to specific shape of magnetometer data profile variable calibration_flag_

Voyager 1 9.6-s Averaged Triaxial Fluxgate Magnetometer (MAG) Interplanetary Magnetic Field in CDF Format

Voyager 1 48-s Triaxial Fluxgate Magnetometer (MAG) Magnetic Field Data Near and Beyond Termination Shock in CDF Format

The main science objectives for the Voyager Interplanetary Mission, VIM, are as follows: - investigate the structure of the solar wind magnetic fields and plasma in the inner and outer heliosphere; - conduct long term study of heliospheric evolution during different phases of the 22-year solar magnetic cycle and the 11-year solar activity cycle; - study the long term solar modulation and determine the elemental and isotopic abundances of galactic cosmic ray particles in the heliosphere; - measure radial gradients, spectra, and nuclear abundances of the anomalous component of cosmic rays from acceleration at the solar wind termination shock; - investigate local particle acceleration in the interplanetary medium from solar flare shocks and corotating interaction regions; - study propagation of solar energetic particles in the heliosphere. The average magnetic field strength produced by the spacecraft at the location of the outboard magnetometer of the dual magnetometers system on Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 is about 0.1-0.2 nT, comparable to the most probable magnetic field strength in the inner heliosheath and significantly larger than the most probable magnetic field strength in the distant supersonic solar wind. The spacecraft magnetic field is a complex, time-dependent signal that must be removed from the measured magnetic field signal in order to derive the ambient magnetic fields of the solar wind and heliosheath. Corrections must also be made for spurious magnetic signals and noise associated with the telemetry system, ground tracking systems, and other factors. Extracting the signal describing the solar wind and heliosheath from the many sources of uncertainty is a complex and partly subjective process that requires understanding of the instrument and judgement based on experience in dealing with the ever-changing extraneous signals. We estimate that for the Voyager magnetic field data the 1-sigma the uncertainty of the 48-s averages for each of the components of the magnetic field BR, BT, and BN is typically +/- 0.02 nT; the uncertainty in magnitude F1 is typically +/- 0.03 nT. F1, BR, BT, and BN can differ from one another and they may vary with time, but there is no practical way to determine these uncertainties more precisely at present. References: D.B. Berdichevsky, Voyager Mission, Detailed processing of weak magnetic fields; I - Constraints to the uncertainties of the calibrated magnetic field signal in the Voyager missions, 2009; https://vgrmag.gsfc.nasa.gov/Berdichevsky-VOY_sensor_opu090518.pdf Behannon, K.W., M.H. Acuna, L.F. Burlaga, R.P. Lepping, N.F. Ness, and F.M. Neubauer, Magnetic-Field Experiment for Voyager-1 and Voyager-2, Space Science Reviews, 21 (3), 235-257, 1977. Burlaga, L.F., Merged interaction regions and large-scale magnetic field fluctuations during 1991 - Voyager-2 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (A10), 19341-19350, 1994. Burlaga, L.F., N.F. Ness, Y.-M. Wang, and N.R. Sheeley Jr., Heliospheric magnetic field strength and polarity from 1 to 81 AU during the ascending phase of solar cycle 23, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (A11), 1410, 2002. Ness, N., K.W. Behannon, R. Lepping, and K.H. Schatten, J. Geophys. Res., Spacecraft studies of the interplanetary magnetic field, 76, 3564, 1971.

ISEE 3 Vector Helium Magnetometer (MAG), Magnetic Field, 1 min CDF Data

This Data Set contains averaged 1 min magnetic field data converted from simple ASCII records. It was created at the NSSDC from a more complex, multi-resolution data set with the current NSSDC ID of SPHE-00673 and old NSSDC ID of 78-079A-02D, provided by the Principal Investigator Team and now available from ftps://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/isee/isee3/magnetic_fields/1min_ascii_extracted/. The Coordinate System for the magnetic field components is the JPL-defined I,S Coordinate System set at the origin at the spacecraft: I is the unit vector in the direction of the ISEE 3 spin axis, positive in the northward direction, and S is the unit vector from the spacecraft to the sun. The Z-Axis is parallel to I, the Y-Axis is parallel to the cross product I ⨯ S, and the X-Axis is parallel to Y ⨯ Z. The I,S coordinate system is approximately the same as the Solar Ecliptic, SE, System since the Spacecraft Z-Axis, the Spin Axis, is maintained within 0.5° of perpendicular to the Ecliptic Plane. The SE coordinate system is defined in the same way as GSE, but with the spacecraft point of observation substituted for the position of the earth. For years 1984 through 1990 the spacecraft position in HGI coordinates was added to the data product. The HGI coordinate system is sun-centered and inertially fixed with respect to an X-Axis directed along the intersection line of the Ecliptic and Solar Equatorial planes, which defines the 0° longitude direction. The Solar Equatorial plane is inclined at 7.25° from the Ecliptic. This direction was towards an Ecliptic longitude equal to 74.367° on January 1, 1900 at 12:00 UT, but because of the precession of the earth's equator, this longitude increases by 1.4° per century. The Z-Axis is directed perpendicular to and northward of the solar equator and the Y-Axis completes the right-handed Set. The HGI longitude increase from 0° in the X-Direction towards the positive Y-Direction. The HGI latitude increases to +90° at the north pole and decreases to -90° at the south pole. Note that the values listed are 1 min averages, so that B ^2 may not equal B^2 .

Voyager 2 PWS electric field waveform in CDF files

The Voyager 2 Plasma Wave Subsystem (PWS) electric field waveform data set contains all available uncalibrated full resolution 4-bit measurements for the entire mission. The PWS waveform receiver samples the voltage on the 10 m electric antennas at the rate of 28800 samples per second through a 40 Hz to 12 kHz bandpass filter, utilizing an automatic gain control. However, gain information is not returned in telemetry so absolute calibration cannot be done directly. The waveform may be used to identify features such as dust impacts in the time domain or a power spectrum may be derived to show relative amplitudes of spectral elements in the frequency domain.