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FIGURE 3. Cambarus dubius sensu stricto. A recently collected form I in Cambarus (Jugicambarus) pauleyi, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) endemic to southcentral West Virginia, USA, with a re-description of Cambarus (J.) dubius

FIGURE 3. Cambarus dubius sensu stricto. A recently collected form I male from the type locality, Terra Alta (=Cranberry Summit), Preston County, West Virginia showing typical life colors.

FIGURE 1 in Cambarus (Jugicambarus) pauleyi, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) endemic to southcentral West Virginia, USA, with a re-description of Cambarus (J.) dubius

FIGURE 1. Illustration of various morphological features of Cambarus dubius sensu stricto, as herein defined. (A.) lateral view of carapace; (B.) dorsal view of carapace; (C.) epistome; (D.) antennal scale; (E.) dorsal view of distal podomere of right cheliped of form I male; (F.) ischial hook of form I male; (G.) lateral (left) and mesial (right) view of left first gonopod of form I male; (H.) annulus ventralis; (I.) lateral (left) and mesial (right) view of form II male gonopod. A–G from holotype; H from WLU 2050b (female); I from WLU 2050a (form II male).

FIGURE 2. Cambarus dubius holotype male, form I in Cambarus (Jugicambarus) pauleyi, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) endemic to southcentral West Virginia, USA, with a re-description of Cambarus (J.) dubius

FIGURE 2. Cambarus dubius holotype male, form I (MCZ-IZ-3631) taken from the (A.) dorsal, (B.) lateral and (C.) ventral aspects.

FIGURE 5 in Cambarus (Jugicambarus) pauleyi, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) endemic to southcentral West Virginia, USA, with a re-description of Cambarus (J.) dubius

FIGURE 5. Illustration of various morphological features of Cambarus pauleyi, new species. (A.) lateral view of carapace; (B.) dorsal view of carapace; (C.) epistome; (D.) antennal scale; (E.) dorsal view of distal podomere of right cheliped of form I male; (F.) ischial hook of form I male; (G.) lateral (left) and mesial (right) view of left first gonopod of form I male; (H.) annulus ventralis; (I.) lateral (left) and mesial (right) view of form II male gonopod. A–G from holotype; H from allotype; I from morphotype.

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FIGURES 37–44. 37. Cambarus tartarus 38 in Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of Oklahoma: identification, distributions, and natural history

FIGURES 37–44. 37. Cambarus tartarus 38. Potential distribution of Cambarus tartarus (distribution map was not made for this species due to it subterranean lifestyle; climatic variables outside the cave systems do not accurately represent the climate within the cave) 39. Fallicambarus fodiens 40. Potential distribution of Fallicambarus fodiens 41. Faxonella blairi 42. Potential distribution of Faxonella blairi 43. Faxonella clypeata 44. Potential distribution of Faxonella clypeata.

FIGURE 5 in Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus, a new species of crayfish from northeastern Kentucky delimited from the Cambarus (J.) aff. dubius species complex

FIGURE 5. Bayesian phylogenetic tree depicting relationships among Cambarus (J.) adustus and other closely related species from the subgenus Jugicambarus, along with selected outgroup taxa. This tree was generated in MrBayes by treating all data as a single partition using the HKY+I+G model of sequence evolution. Numbers at nodes indicate both posterior probabilities (regular font) from MrBayes and bootstrap values (in bold), with the latter generated by RAxML using the GTR+G model and 1000 pseudoreplicate datasets. Letters indicate supported clades that are discussed in the main text. Three nodes without bootstrap values indicate nodes that were not found in the ML tree.

FIGURE 4 in Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus, a new species of crayfish from northeastern Kentucky delimited from the Cambarus (J.) aff. dubius species complex

FIGURE 4. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus, new species, from the type locality showing natural coloration.

FIGURE 2 in Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus, a new species of crayfish from northeastern Kentucky delimited from the Cambarus (J.) aff. dubius species complex

FIGURE 2. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus, new species; all from holotype male, form I (USNM 1407169), except F and G from morphotype male, form II (USNM 1407171), and I from allotype female (USNM 1407170): A, lateral aspect of carapace; B and C, lateral and mesial aspect, respectively, of male I gonopod (first pleopod); D, epistome; E, ventral aspect of right third, fourth, and fifth pereiopods; F and G, lateral and mesial aspect, respectively, of male II gonopod; H, dorsal aspect of antennal scale; I, ventral aspect of annulus ventralis; J, dorsal aspect of carapace; K, dorsal aspect of distal podomeres of right cheliped; CK, caudal knob.

FIGURE 1 in Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus, a new species of crayfish from northeastern Kentucky delimited from the Cambarus (J.) aff. dubius species complex

FIGURE 1. Map showing the known distribution of Cambarus (Jugicambarus) adustus in Lewis County, Kentucky. The red star indicates the location of the type locality and red circles indicate localities where the species was found. Numbers at sites indicate the locality as listed in the "Specimens Examined" section. Dark gray circles indicate sites where the species was not found. Gray polygon denotes the species known extent of occurrence. Light yellow areas indicate the three focal drainage basins discussed in the main text. Map generated using Google MyMaps.

FIGURE 5 in A New Crayfish of the Genus Cambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) From the Flint River Drainage in Northern Alabama and South Central Tennessee, U. S. A.

FIGURE 5. Right chela of form I male for: a, C. (H.) lentiginosus; b, C. (H.) andersoni; c, C. (H.) diupalma; d, C. (H.) longirostris.

FIGURE 4 in A New Crayfish of the Genus Cambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) From the Flint River Drainage in Northern Alabama and South Central Tennessee, U. S. A.

FIGURE 4. Pigmentation patterns for: a, C. (H.) lentiginosus; b, C. (H.) andersoni; c, C. (H.) diupalma; d, C. (H.) longirostris. Photograph c. courtesy of Guenter Schuster.

FIGURE 6 in A New Crayfish of the Genus Cambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) From the Flint River Drainage in Northern Alabama and South Central Tennessee, U. S. A.

FIGURE 6. Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) lentiginosus (all from holotype except c and d from morphotype, and g from allotype): a, c, mesial view of first pleopods; b, d, lateral view of first pleopods; e, dorsal view of distal podomeres of cheliped; f, caudoventral view of first pleopods; g, ventral view of annulus ventralis; h, dorsal view of antennal scale; i, lateral view of carapace; j, lateral view of abdomen; k, dorsal view of rostrum showing carina on acumen; l, ischium and basis of third pereopod; m, ventral view of epistome.

FIGURE 7 in Cambarus (C.) appalachiensis, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the New River Basin of Virginia and West Virginia, USA

FIGURE 7. Differences in chelae structure between Cambarus appalachiensis (Top) and Cambarus sciotensis (Bottom).

FIGURE 6 in Cambarus (C.) appalachiensis, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the New River Basin of Virginia and West Virginia, USA

FIGURE 6. Cambarus appalachiensis chelae morphotypes: (A.) Elongate; (B.) Truncated. Over 90% of C. appalachiensis examined maintained the elongated morphotypes.

FIGURE 2 in Cambarus (C.) appalachiensis, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the New River Basin of Virginia and West Virginia, USA

FIGURE 2. Cambarus appalachiensis, new species: (A.) Lateral view of carapace; (B.) Lateral and (C.) mesial view of form I gonopod; (D.) Lateral and (E.) mesial view of form II gonopod; (F.) Annulus ventralis; (G.) Dorsal view of carapace; (H.) Right antennal scale; (I.) Dorsal view of right carpus and chelae; (J.) epistome. A-C and G-I from holotype; F from allotype; D- E from morphotypes.

FIGURE 4 in Cambarus (C.) appalachiensis, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the New River Basin of Virginia and West Virginia, USA

FIGURE 4. Cambarus appalachiensis type locality. Pipestem Creek at intersection of Tom-Honaker Road (CR 20-3) and State Route 20, 3.3 km (2.04 mi) north-east of Pipestem, Summers County, West Virginia—11 October, 2016. (A.) Run downstream of Tom-Honaker Road bridge where holotype and allotype were collected; (B.) pool immediately upstream of Tom-Honaker Road bridge.

FIGURE 1 in Cambarus (C.) appalachiensis, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the New River Basin of Virginia and West Virginia, USA

FIGURE 1. Sheared PCA plot for (A) form 1 males, (B) form II males, and (C) females of Cambarus appalachiensis and C. sciotensis. Cambarus appalachiensis = solid dots; Cambarus sciotensis = open dots.

FIGURE 12 in A case of Appalachian endemism: Revision of the Cambarus robustus complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Kentucky and Licking River basins of Kentucky, USA, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 12. Map showing distribution of C. guenteri, C. hazardi, and C. taylori in relation to each other. Red circles = C. guenteri; Green circles = C. hazardi; Blue circles = C. taylori. Basin background shading reflects the species found within the watershed, except for the Upper Kentucky, where two of the species are found. Red = C. guenteri; Green = C. hazardi; Blue = C. taylori. Map generated using Google MyMaps.

FIGURE 6 in A case of Appalachian endemism: Revision of the Cambarus robustus complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Kentucky and Licking River basins of Kentucky, USA, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 6. Cambarus hazardi, new species; all from holotype male, Form I (NCSM 27212), except E and F from morphotype male, Form II (NCSM 27214), and I from allotype female (NCSM 27213): A. lateral aspect of carapace; B–D. mesial and lateral aspect of Form I male gonopod respectively; E–F. mesial and lateral aspect of Form II gonopod respectively; G. ventral aspect of epistome; H. dorsal aspect of dorsal carapace; I. ventral aspect of the annulus ventralis; J. dorsal aspect of the antennal scale; K. dorsal aspect of the distal podomere of the left cheliped. Plate by Guenter Schuster.

FIGURE 5 in A case of Appalachian endemism: Revision of the Cambarus robustus complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Kentucky and Licking River basins of Kentucky, USA, with the description of three new species

FIGURE 5. Map showing the distribution of Cambarus guenteri, new species, in the Kentucky River basin. Red circles indicate sampling localities where the species was detected. Red circle with star indicates the type locality. Gray shaded polygons indicate the different river sub-basins discussed in the text. Colored lines indicate stream order (Strahler 1957). Map inset abbreviations: LKy = Lower Kentucky River, UKy = Upper Kentucky River, SF = South Fork Kentucky River. Map generated using Google MyMaps.