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87 results for “Canis lupus”
Fig. 1 in Angiostrongylus vasorum in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and wolves (Canis lupus italicus) from Abruzzo region, Italy
Fig. 1. Map of the geographical areas of Europe where the presence of Angiostrongylus vasorum was reported before and after 2000 in definitive and intermediate hosts. This map was created by placing the reports of the literature in Eurostat's nomenclature units for statistics (NUTS).
Fig. 1 in First report of Trichinella pseudospiralis in a wolf (Canis lupus italicus)
Fig. 1. Map of Italy with Trichinella pseudospiralis records. Black circle, T. pseudospiralis in hunted wild boar; open circle, T. pseudospiralis in farmed wild boar; striped circle, T. pseudospiralis human outbreak caused by wild boar meat; black triangle, T. pseudospiralis in hunted red fox; black square, T. pseudospiralis and Trichinella britovi in a wolf; black star, T. pseudospiralis in night bird of prey; open star, T. pseudospiralis in a red kite. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Text-fig. 14. Photo of a wolf (Canis lupus) lower molar m1 root cut. The approximate age of individual is 5 years (No 7 in Tabs 6, 7). Photo by M. Nývltová Fišáková. in The Mammalian Fauna Of Barová Cave (Moravian Karst, The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 14. Photo of a wolf (Canis lupus) lower molar m1 root cut. The approximate age of individual is 5 years (No 7 in Tabs 6, 7). Photo by M. Nývltová Fišáková.
Data from: Seasonal and anthropogenic effects on niche overlap and habitat selection by sympatric bears (Ursus arctos marsicanus) and wolves (Canis lupus) in a human-dominated landscape
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Canis lupus capture targets
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan of the Brain of a Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)
<p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan of the Brain of a Gray Wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) from http://braincatalogue.org/Gray_wolf</p>
Environmental impact assessment for large carnivores: a methodological review of the wolf (Canis lupus) monitoring in Portugal
<p>The continuous growth of the global human population results in increased use and change of landscapes, with infrastructures like transportation or energy facilities, being a particular risk to large carnivores. Environmental Impact Assessments were established to identify the probable environmental consequences of any new proposed project, find ways to reduce impacts, and provide evidence to inform decision making and mitigation. Portugal has a wolf population of around 300 individuals, designated as an endangered species with full legal protection. They occupy the northern mountainous areas of the country which has also been the focus of new human infrastructures over the last 20 years. Consequently, dozens of wolf monitoring programs have been established to evaluate wolf population status, to identify impacts, and to inform appropriate mitigation or compensation measures. We reviewed Portuguese wolf monitoring programs to answer four key questions: do wolf programs examine adequate biological parameters to meet monitoring objectives? is the study design suitable for measuring impacts? are data collection methods and effort sufficient for the stated inference objectives? and do statistical analyses of the data lead to robust conclusions? Overall, we found a mismatch between the stated aims of wolf monitoring and the results reported, and often neither aligns with the existing national wolf monitoring guidelines. Despite the vast effort expended and the diversity of methods used, data analysis makes almost exclusive use of relative indices or summary statistics, with little consideration of the potential biases that arise through the (imperfect) observational process. This makes comparisons of impacts across space and time difficult and is therefore unlikely to contribute to a general understanding of wolf responses to infrastructure-related disturbance. We recommend the development of standardized monitoring protocols and advocate for the use of statistical methods that account for imperfect detection to guarantee accuracy, reproducibility, and efficacy of the programs.</p>
Figure 5. A in On tooth anomalies and the loss of Canis lupus (Mammalia: Carnivora) in Turkey*
Figure 5. A- Carnassial loss (Skull No: 3) and B- premolar loss (Skull No: 27).
Fig. 5 in Angiostrongylus vasorum in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and wolves (Canis lupus italicus) from Abruzzo region, Italy
Fig. 5. Lungs of wolf infested with Angiostrongylus vasorum in mild severity involvement.
Data for: Geographic isolation reduces genetic diversity of a wide-ranging terrestrial vertebrate, Canis lupus
<p>Genetic diversity is theorized to decrease in populations closer to a species' range edge, where habitat may be suboptimal. However, generalist species capable of long-range dispersal may maintain sufficient gene flow to counteract this, though the presence of significant barriers to dispersal (e.g., large water bodies, human-dominated landscapes) may still lead to, and exacerbate, the edge effect. We used microsatellite data for 2,426 gray wolves (<em>Canis</em> <em>lupus</em>) from 24 sub-populations (groups) to model how allelic richness and expected heterozygosity varied with two measures of range edge (mainland-island position, latitude, and distance from range center) across >7.3 million km<sup>2</sup> of northern North America. We found that allelic richness and expected heterozygosity of island groups was measurably less than that of mainland groups and that these differences increased with the island's distance to the species' range center in the study area. Our results demonstrate how multiple axes of geographic isolation (distance from range center and island habitation) can act synergistically to erode the genetic diversity of wide-ranging terrestrial vertebrate populations despite the counteracting influence of long-range dispersal ability. These findings emphasize how geographic isolation is a potential threat to the genetic diversity and viability of terrestrial vertebrate populations even among species capable of long-range dispersal. </p> <p>This dataset is comprised of four separate sub-datasets, sourced from Carmichael et al. (2007), Musiani et al. (2007), McNay (2006), and a manuscript in progress (referred to as "MacNulty" in the data files, to be first published in Frevol et al. 2023). The raw data are comprised of sample IDs, latitude and longitude points indicating where the sample was collected or recorded, and microsatellite genetic information. To aid in re-use, the raw genetic data has also been formatted and presented for use with common population genetics software (Genepop, MICROCHECKER, Genetix, FSTAT). The dataset also includes spatial data files of the sub-populations described in the study, allelic richness and expected heterozygosity data derived from the raw and spatial data, and the R script used to create the models. </p> <ul> <li>Carmichael LE, Krizan J, Nagy JA, et al (2007) Historical and ecological determinants of genetic structure in arctic canids. Molecular Ecology 16:3466–3483. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03381.x</li> <li>McNay ME (2006) Preliminary results of parentage analysis using microsatellite markers from an exploited wolf population in central Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Juneau, Alaska</li> <li>Musiani M, Leonard JA, Cluff HD, et al (2007) Differentiation of tundra/taiga and boreal coniferous forest wolves: genetics, coat colour and association with migratory caribou. Molecular Ecology 16:4149–4170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03458.x</li> </ul>
Canis lupus fecal DNA dataset
<p>Sea otters (<em>Enhydra</em> <em>lutris</em>) and wolves (<em>Canis</em> <em>lupus</em>) are two apex predators with strong and cascading effects on ecosystem structure and function. After decades of recovery from near extirpation, their ranges now overlap, allowing sea otters and wolves to interact for the first time in the scientific record. We intensively studied wolves during 2015–2021 in an island system colonized by sea otters in the 2000s and by wolves in 2013. After wolf colonization, we quantified shifts in foraging behavior with DNA metabarcoding of 689 wolf scats and stable isotope analyses, both revealing a dietary switch from Sitka black-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus</em> <em>hemionus</em>), the terrestrial in situ primary prey, to sea otters. Here we show an unexpected result of the reintroduction and restoration of sea otters, which became an abundant marine subsidy for wolves following population recovery. The availability of sea otters allowed wolves to persist and continue to reproduce, subsequently nearly eliminating deer. Genotypes from 390 wolf scats and telemetry data from 13 wolves confirmed island fidelity constituting one of the highest known wolf population densities and upending standardly accepted wolf density predictions based on ungulate abundance. Whereas marine subsidies in other systems are generally derived from lower trophic levels, here an apex nearshore predator became a key prey species and linked nearshore and terrestrial food webs in a recently deglaciated and rapidly changing ecosystem. These results underscore that species restoration may serve as an unanticipated nutrient pathway for recipient ecosystems even resulting in cross-boundary subsidy cascades.</p>
Understanding habitat selection of range-expanding populations of large carnivores: 20 years of grey wolves (Canis lupus) recolonizing Germany
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: The non-stationarity in habitat selection of expanding populations poses a significant challenge for spatial forecasting. Focusing on the grey wolf (<em>Canis lupus</em>) natural recolonization of Germany, we compared the performance of different distribution modelling approaches for predicting habitat suitability in unoccupied areas. Furthermore, we analysed whether grey wolf showed non-stationarity in habitat selection in newly colonized areas, which will impact the predictions for potential habitat.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Germany</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Using telemetry data as presence points, we compared the predictive performance of five modelling approaches based on combinations of distribution modelling algorithms –GLMM, MaxEnt, and ensemble modelling– and two background point selection strategies. We used a homogeneous Poisson point process to draw background points from either the minimum convex polygons derived from telemetry or the whole area known to be occupied by wolves. Models were fit to the data of the first years and validated against independent data representing the expansion of the species. The best-performing approach was then used to further investigate non-stationarity in the species' response in spatiotemporal restricted datasets that represented different colonization steps.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Whilst all approaches performed similarly when evaluated against a subset of the data used to fit the models, the ensemble model based on integrated data performed best when predicting range expansion. Models for subsequent colonization steps differed substantially from the global model, highlighting the non-stationarity of wolf habitat selection towards human disturbance during the colonization process.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: While telemetry-only data overfitted the models, using all available datasets increased the reliability of the range expansion forecasts. The non-stationarity in habitat selection pointed to wolves settling in the best areas first, and filling in nearby lower-quality habitat as the population increases. Our results caution against spatial extrapolation and space-for-time substitutions in habitat models, at least with expanding species.</p>
Understanding habitat selection of range-expanding populations of large carnivores: 20 years of grey wolves (Canis lupus) recolonizing Germany
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Data for: Geographic isolation reduces genetic diversity of a wide-ranging terrestrial vertebrate, Canis lupus
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Environmental impact assessment for large carnivores: a methodological review of the wolf (Canis lupus) monitoring in Portugal
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Canis lupus fecal DNA dataset
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Data from: Social facilitation can impact the responses of free-ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) towards physical cognitive tasks
<p><span>Dogs are known to persist less in problem-solving tasks independently. While most of the studies so far have reported results based on experiments in pet dogs, conclusive evidence from free-ranging subpopulations is lacking. Free-ranging dogs are primarily scavengers and require problem-solving abilities to survive. We provided dogs with a familiar or an unfamiliar task in the presence of conspecifics. Both the tasks provided a single food-reward upon solving. We coded success, latency, and the duration of active engagement of the dogs in this study. We compared them with an earlier published dataset where individual dogs were tested in identical experimental set-ups. Our findings show that dogs have higher success rates in both the familiar and unfamiliar tasks when tested in the presence of conspecifics than when alone, suggesting a role of social facilitation. Furthermore, the presence of conspecifics facilitated dogs to approach faster and engage longer in the unfamiliar task than when tested alone. We provide the first evidence that social facilitation may play a crucial role in free-ranging dogs, especially in the context of problem-solving. </span></p>
Wolves are back: Sociopolitical identity and opinions on management of Canis lupus
<p>In 2010 an interdisciplinary team of social and natural scientists began a project to study society–environment interactions in northeast Oregon. At first, the Communities and Forests in Oregon (CAFOR) project focused on Baker, Union and Wallowa Counties. Subsequently the project's scope expanded to cover Crook, Grant, Umatilla and Wheeler Counties. One part of the CAFOR research involved a series of telephone surveys carried out in four stages over 2011 to 2018. The surveys employed consistent methods with landline or cell telephone interviews of independent random samples conducted by trained personnel from the Survey Center of the University of New Hampshire. Questions covered a range of topics related to environment and community change. Some questions were repeated with identical wording on two, three or four surveys, watching for continuity and change in public opinion. The survey design involved stratification with oversampling of smaller-population counties, and in some cases also of forest landowners. To adjust for both design and response bias, probability weights (inverse of the probability of selection) are applied for all graphs and statistical analyses in this paper. Effects of this weighting on variables of interest here are not large, but make the results more representative with respect to county populations and age/sex distributions. Geographic coverage varied across the four surveys. The initial stage in 2011 sampled residents from three counties: Baker, Union and Wallowa. Subsequently, the 2014 and 2015 surveys expanded to seven contiguous counties, including those three. The project's final survey in 2018 refocused on the original three. A total of 5,085 interviews had been conducted, 3,782 of them involving residents of Baker, Union or Wallowa County. To maintain comparability, our analysis in this dataset concerns only that three-county subset, although findings remain broadly similar in analyses using the complete seven-county dataset.</p>
Data from: Density-dependent intraspecific aggression regulates survival in northern Yellowstone wolves (Canis lupus)
1. Understanding the population dynamics of top predators is essential to assess their impact on ecosystems and to guide their management. Key to this understanding is identifying the mechanisms regulating vital rates. 2. Determining the influence of density on survival is necessary to understand the extent to which human-caused mortality is compensatory or additive. In wolves (Canis lupus), empirical evidence for density-dependent survival is lacking. Dispersal is considered the principal way in which wolves adjust their numbers to prey supply or compensate for human exploitation. However, studies to date have primarily focused on exploited wolf populations, in which density-dependent mechanisms are likely weak due to artificially low wolf densities. 3. Using 13 years of data on 280 collared wolves in Yellowstone National Park, we assessed the effect of wolf density, prey abundance and population structure, as well as winter severity, on age-specific survival in two areas (prey-rich vs. prey-poor) of the national park. We further analysed cause-specific mortality and explored the factors driving intraspecific aggression in the prey-rich northern area of the park. 4. Overall, survival rates decreased during the study. In northern Yellowstone, density-dependence regulated adult survival through an increase in intraspecific aggression, independent of prey availability. In the interior of the park, adult survival was less variable and density-independent, despite reduced prey availability. There was no effect of prey population structure in northern Yellowstone, nor of winter severity in either area. Survival was similar among yearlings and adults, but lower for adults older than 6 years. 5. Our results indicate that density-dependent intraspecific aggression is a major driver of adult wolf survival in northern Yellowstone, suggesting intrinsic density-dependent mechanisms have the potential to regulate wolf populations at high ungulate densities. When low prey availability or high removal rates maintain wolves at lower densities, limited inter-pack interactions may prevent density-dependent survival, consistent with our findings in the interior of the park.
Data from: Genome-wide analysis of SNPs is consistent with no domestic dog ancestry in the endangered Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi)
The Mexican gray wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) was historically distributed throughout the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Extensive predator removal campaigns during the early 20th century, however, resulted in its eventual extirpation by the mid 1980s. At this time, the Mexican wolf existed only in three separate captive lineages (McBride, Ghost Ranch, and Aragón) descended from three, two, and two founders, respectively. These lineages were merged in 1995 to increase the available genetic variation, and Mexican wolves were reintroduced into Arizona and New Mexico in 1998. Despite the ongoing management of the Mexican wolf population, it has been suggested that a proportion of the Mexican wolf ancestry may be recently derived from hybridization with domestic dogs. In this study, we genotyped 87 Mexican wolves, including individuals from all three captive lineages and cross-lineage wolves, for more than 172,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified levels of genetic variation consistent with the pedigree record and effects of genetic rescue. To identify the potential to detect hybridization with domestic dogs, we compared our Mexican wolf genotypes with those from studies of domestic dogs and other gray wolves. The proportion of Mexican wolf ancestry assigned to domestic dogs was only between 0.06% (SD 0.23%) and 7.8% (SD 1.0%) for global and local ancestry estimates, respectively; and was consistent with simulated levels of incomplete lineage sorting. Overall, our results suggested that Mexican wolves lack biologically significant ancestry with dogs and have useful implications for the conservation and management of this endangered wolf subspecies.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.