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66 results for “Carbon limitation”
Dataset of manuscript "No detectable upper limit of mineral associated carbon in temperate agricultural soils"
<p>Dataset of carbon fractions (mineral associated organic carbon and particulate organic carbon) detected in a subset of topsoil samples of the first German Agricultural Soil Inventory.</p>
Permafrost thaw causes large carbon loss in boreal peatlands while changes to peat quality are limited
<p>Rapid, ongoing permafrost thaw of peatlands in the discontinuous permafrost zone is exposing a globally significant store of soil carbon (C) to microbial processes. Mineralisation and release of this peat C to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases is a potentially important feedback to climate change. Here we investigated the effects of permafrost thaw on peat C at a peatland complex in western Canada. We collected 15 complete peat cores (between 2.7 abd 4.5 m deep) along four chronosequences, from elevated permafrost plateaus to saturated thermokarst bogs that thawed up to 600 years ago. The peat cores were analysed for peat C storage and peat quality, as indicated by decomposition proxies (FTIR and C/N ratios) and potential decomposability using a 200-day aerobic incubation. Our results suggest net C loss following thaw, with average total peat C stocks decreasing by ~19.3 +/- 7.2 kg C m<sup>-2</sup> over <600 years (~13% loss). Average post-thaw accumulation of new peat at the surface over the same period was ~13.1 +/- 2.5 kg C m<sup>-2</sup>. We estimate ~19% (+/- 5.8%) of deep peat (>40 cm below surface) C is lost following thaw (average 26 +/- 7.9 kg C m<sup>-2</sup> over <600 years). Our FTIR analysis shows peat below the thaw transition in thermokarst bogs is slightly more decomposed than peat of a similar type and age in permafrost plateaus, but we found no significant changes to the quality or lability of deeper peat across the chronosequences. Our incubation results also showed no increase in C mineralisation of deep peat across the chronosequences. While these limited changes in peat quality in deeper peat following permafrost thaw highlight uncertainty in the exact mechanisms and processes for C loss, our analysis of peat C stocks shows large C losses following permafrost thaw in peatlands in western Canada.</p>
Dataset for "Plant biodiversity limits carbon recapture in warming boreal forests"
<p>See details from the publication "Plant biodiversity limits carbon recapture in warming boreal forests" in Nature Communications Earth & Environment for details on data generation and usage.</p> <p>Columns</p> <p>id - unique identifier</p> <p>plot_id - forest plot where vegetation samples were collected</p> <p>species - sampled plant species name</p> <p>dry_weight - weight of species after fully drying given in grams</p> <p>wet_weight - weight of species immediately after collection given in grams</p>
Chronic warming and dry soils limit carbon uptake and growth despite a longer growing season in beech and oak
<p>Progressively warmer and drier conditions impact tree phenology and carbon cycling with large consequences for forest carbon balance. However, it remains unclear how separate impacts of warming and drier soils differ from their cumulative ones and how species interactions modulate tree responses. Using mesocosms, we assessed the multi-year impact of continuous air warming and lower soil moisture acting alone or combined on phenology, leaf-level photosynthesis, non-structural carbohydrate concentrations, and aboveground growth of young European beech and Downy oak trees. We further tested how species interactions (monocultures vs. mixtures) modulated these effects. Warming prolonged the growing season of both species but reduced growth for oak. In contrast, lower moisture did not impact phenology but reduced trees' assimilation and growth for both species. Combined impacts of warming and drier soils did not differ from single ones. Performances of both species in the mixtures were enhanced compared to the monocultures under extreme conditions. Our work revealed that higher temperature and lower soil moisture have contrasting impacts on phenology vs. leaf-level assimilation and growth, with the former being driven by temperature and the latter by moisture. Furthermore, we show a compensation of the negative impacts of extreme events by tree species interactions.</p>
Permafrost thaw causes large carbon loss in boreal peatlands while changes to peat quality are limited
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Chronic warming and dry soils limit carbon uptake and growth despite a longer growing season in beech and oak
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Dissolved organic carbon enhances terrestrial carbon pathways with limited effects on freshwater fish trophic position
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Warming stimulates mangrove carbon sequestration in rising sea-level at their northern limit: an in situ simulation
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Limited increases in savanna carbon stocks over decades of fire suppression
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Ensemble projections elucidate effects of uncertainty in terrestrial nitrogen limitation on future carbon uptake
<p>Simulation output as described in Meyerholt, J., Sickel K., and Zaehle, S., (2020), Ensemble projections elucidate effects of uncertainty in terrestrial nitrogen limitation on future carbon uptake, Global Change Biology, doi:10.1111/gcb.15114</p> <p>Data in the file <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/62e7c4a2-96e9-46b8-810f-c4c3c24b06c0/ocn4magicc_carbon_model.nc?versionId=cb25734e-52ce-42fa-b238-9b7192baf4dd">ocn4magicc_carbon_model.nc</a> describe the carbon-only version of the model, <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/62e7c4a2-96e9-46b8-810f-c4c3c24b06c0/ocn4magicc_carbon_model.nc?versionId=cb25734e-52ce-42fa-b238-9b7192baf4dd">ocn4magicc_nitrogen_models.nc </a>describe the carbon-nitrogen model outputs.</p>
Data from: An assessment of carbon and nutrient limitations in the formation of the southern Andes treeline
Although the principal mechanism determining tree line formation appears to be carbon (C)-sink limitations due to low temperatures, few studies have assessed the complementary role of reduced soil nutrient availability with elevation. We tested the hypothesis that nutrient (especially nitrogen, N) limitations at tree line may directly (via C-source) or indirectly (via C-sink) reduce the growth of a winter deciduous tree line species. If a shortage of soil N with elevation is involved in tree line formation, it should occur in two alternative ways: (i) through sink limitations because N is required for tissue formation, which would indirectly limit C investments (N decreases and C reserves increase with elevation), and (ii) through C limitations because this would lead directly to a reduction of photoassimilates (N and C reserves decrease with elevation). In testing our hypothesis, we analysed tree growth rates (basal area increment), twig non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and N concentrations, leaf N, phosphorus (P), N:P ratio concentrations, and soil nutrient levels (NO3−, NH4+, Olsen–P) in four disparate climate and soil Nothofagus pumilio tree lines spanning 18 degrees of latitude in the southern Andes of Chile. We found a significant decrease in tree growth with elevation. Twig NSC concentrations pooled across locations also decreased significantly with elevation (starch constituted most of the NSC and was highly responsible for the negative trend), although this trend was mostly driven by the northernmost locations. Contrary to soil N availability, leaf N and P concentrations increased significantly with elevation. Twig N concentrations, soil P and leaf N:P ratios did not change with elevation. Synthesis. The elevational decrease in NSC concentrations supports C-source limitation in N. pumilio trees at tree line elevation. In the light of this, we assert that the current global explanation for tree line formation (C-sink-limitation driven by low temperatures) must be revisited. Given that leaf N and P concentrations increased and twig N concentrations did not change with elevation, nutrient limitation is not likely to be involved in the C-limitations and could not therefore be an explanation for tree line formation.
Data from: Spatial structure of above-ground biomass limits accuracy of carbon mapping in rainforest but large scale forest inventories can help to overcome
Precise mapping of above-ground biomass (AGB) is a major challenge for the success of REDD+ processes in tropical rainforest. The usual mapping methods are based on two hypotheses: a large and long-ranged spatial autocorrelation and a strong environment influence at the regional scale. However, there are no studies of the spatial structure of AGB at the landscapes scale to support these assumptions. We studied spatial variation in AGB at various scales using two large forest inventories conducted in French Guiana. The dataset comprised 2507 plots (0.4 to 0.5 ha) of undisturbed rainforest distributed over the whole region. After checking the uncertainties of estimates obtained from these data, we used half of the dataset to develop explicit predictive models including spatial and environmental effects and tested the accuracy of the resulting maps according to their resolution using the rest of the data. Forest inventories provided accurate AGB estimates at the plot scale, for a mean of 325 Mg.ha-1. They revealed high local variability combined with a weak autocorrelation up to distances of no more than10 km. Environmental variables accounted for a minor part of spatial variation. Accuracy of the best model including spatial effects was 90 Mg.ha-1 at plot scale but coarse graining up to 2-km resolution allowed mapping AGB with accuracy lower than 50 Mg.ha-1. Whatever the resolution, no agreement was found with available pan-tropical reference maps at all resolutions. We concluded that the combined weak autocorrelation and weak environmental effect limit AGB maps accuracy in rainforest, and that a trade-off has to be found between spatial resolution and effective accuracy until adequate "wall-to-wall" remote sensing signals provide reliable AGB predictions. Waiting for this, using large forest inventories with low sampling rate (<0.5%) may be an efficient way to increase the global coverage of AGB maps with acceptable accuracy at kilometric resolution.
Data from: Coastal darkening substantially limits the contribution of kelp to coastal carbon cycles
<p>Macroalgal-dominated habitats are rapidly gaining recognition as important contributors to marine carbon cycles and sequestration. Despite this recognition, relatively little is known about the production and fate of carbon originating from these highly productive ecosystems, or how anthropogenic and climate related stressors affect the role of macroalgae in marine carbon cycles. Here, we examine the impact of increasing turbidity on carbon storage, fixation and loss in southern hemisphere kelp forests. We quantified net primary production (NPP) and biomass accumulation (BA), and estimated carbon release via detritus and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) across a large-scale turbidity gradient. We show that increased turbidity, resulting in a 63 % reduction in light, can result in a 95 % reduction in kelp productivity. When averaged annually, estimates of NPP and BA per plant at high light sites were nearly 6 and 2 times greater than those at low light sites, respectively. Furthermore, the quantity of carbon fixed annually by kelp forests was up to 4.7 times greater than that stored as average annual standing stock. At low light sites, the majority of C goes directly into tissue growth and is subsequently eroded. In contrast, excess production at high light sites accounts for up to 39 % of the total carbon fixed and is likely released as DOC. Turbidity is expected to increase in response to climate change and our results suggest this will have significant impacts on the capacity of kelp forests to contribute to carbon sequestration pathways. In addition to demonstrating that turbidity significantly reduces the quantity of carbon fixed by kelp forests, and subsequently released as detritus, our results highlight the negative impacts of turbidity on a large source of previously unaccounted for carbon.</p>
Data and R File - The Role of Nutrient and Energy Limitation on Microbial Decomposition of Deep Podzolized Carbon: A Priming Experiment
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Manganese limitations and the enhanced soil carbon sequestration of temperate rainforests
<p>Manganese (Mn) has been identified as a regulatory bottleneck in the accumulation of humus because of its role as an enzymatic co-factor in the breakdown of recalcitrant C by Mn-peroxidase (MnP). We tested this abiotic limit on decay via contrasting soils along a podzolization gradient of coastal British Columbia, where an inverse exponential relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and exchangeable Mn had been observed. Moderately weathered soils (Brunisols) had an average 3.6-fold increase in MnP activity within the upper soil profile in comparison to highly weathered Podzols. An ordination of the Agaricomycete fungal community, which are responsible for MnP production in soils, confirmed significant differences in assemblages across soil types for saprotrophic fungi, particularly species within the Agaricales, Trechisporales and Auriculariales. Ectomycorrhizal fungi of <i>Pseudotsuga</i> <i>menziesii</i> were equally aligned with soil type and select taxa more abundant on Brunisols may have supplemented MnP activity. A laboratory incubation with an Mn amendment produced significant interactions in MnP activity by soil type. Surprisingly, MnP activity of both Brunisol substrates declined substantially with an amendment (-56% and -40% for forest floor and mineral soil, respectively), in contrast to Podzols (-30% and +26%, respectively). This inhibitory response was linked to considerable uptake of the amendment, and underscores how Mn<sup>2+</sup> operates directly on fungi as a regulator of <i>mnp</i> transcription for MnP production. Our study highlights a new perspective concerning the abiotic drivers underpinning the large, expansive soil C stocks across perhumid temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest.</p>
Simulation data for "Impact of Dynamic Phytoplankton Stoichiometry on Global Scale Patterns of Nutrient Limitation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Carbon Export"
<p>Simulation data for our submission to GBC. Some of the files are compressed in order to minimize the size of the archive. Data files are stored as pickled python variables. The code for analysis of this data is in the github repository: https://github.com/georgehagstrom/BGCPaperFigureCode .</p>
Data from: Spatial structure of above-ground biomass limits accuracy of carbon mapping in rainforest but large scale forest inventories can help to overcome
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Manganese limitations and the enhanced soil carbon sequestration of temperate rainforests
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Data from: Dissolved organic carbon and unimodal variation in sexual signal coloration in mosquitofish: a role for light limitation?
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Data from: An assessment of carbon and nutrient limitations in the formation of the southern Andes treeline
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.