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FIGURE 1 in Naming the Bonaire banded box jelly, Tamoya ohboya, n. sp. (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida: Tamoyidae)

FIGURE 1. In situ photographs of Tamoya ohboya n. sp. A. St. Lucia, 1–2 m, 20 May 2007, photo by Tim Lowry and used with his permission. Note the deep stomach and long manubrium. B. Divi Divi, Bonaire, 0–5 m, 17 July 2008, photo by Marijke Wilhelmus and used with her permission. C. Bonaire, 1–2 m, 30 December 2006, photo by John Crum and used with his permission. Note flattening of tentacles proximal to pedalia. D. St. Vincent, August 8, 2008, photo by Ned Deloach and used with his permission. Note nematocyst warts on bell and pedalia.

FIGURE 4. Malo kingi n in Malo kingi: A new species of Irukandji jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), possibly lethal to humans, from Queensland, Australia

FIGURE 4. Malo kingi n. sp. A. Tentacular nematocyst, undischarged. B. Exumbrellar nematocysts from bell wart, spherical holotrichous isorhiza. C. Tentacular nematocyst, discharged, Type 4 microbasic p-mastigophores; note spines orientated away from capsule, confined to distal end of shaft.

FIGURE 3. Malo kingi n in Malo kingi: A new species of Irukandji jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), possibly lethal to humans, from Queensland, Australia

FIGURE 3. Malo kingi n. sp. A. Pedalium. B. Rhopalial niche ostium; note short, broad, curved rhopalial horns (arrows). C. Rhopalial horns (arrows), subumbrellar view; note also single-sheet-like frenulum below. D. Rhopalium (removed from animal), front view (left), side view (right); note lack of lateral eye spots. E. Velarial canals (vc) and perradial lappets (pl); note nipple-like extensions on lappets. F. Mesenteries; note flap-like nature in stomach region (arrows), with only cord-like extension to rhopalium. G. Statolith, from "pseudo" form; note "apical" tooth (black arrow), concave "base" (white arrow).

FIGURE 1. Malo kingi n in Malo kingi: A new species of Irukandji jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), possibly lethal to humans, from Queensland, Australia

FIGURE 1. Malo kingi n. sp. A. Holotype, preserved ("halo" form). B. Paratype SAM H1049, preserved ("pseudo" form). Specimens are opaque due to preservation.

FIGURE 2. Malo kingi n in Malo kingi: A new species of Irukandji jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), possibly lethal to humans, from Queensland, Australia

FIGURE 2. Malo kingi n. sp. A. Tentacle of holotype; note "halo-like" perpendicular tissue flaps, with nematocysts inserted end-on around periphery. B. Tentacle of "Pseudo-Irukandji" form; note smoothly rounded bands with embedded nematocysts.

FIGURE 2 in Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis

FIGURE 2. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. arborifera: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) rounded pedalial canal knee bend C) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus, note multiple stems of gastric filaments (arrow) D) two short-stemmed (arrow), brush-shaped gastric filaments E) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note broad and quite simple branching structure of velarial canals. C. branchi: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) colourful pedalium of living specimen H) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus I) close up of base of gastric phacellus, note single root as origin of gastric filaments (arrow) J) octant of velarium with 2 velarial canal roots, note complex lobes and branching structure of velarial canals.

FIGURE 1 in Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis

FIGURE 1. Characters for identification of Carybdea species (species in order of appearance in the text). C. marsupialis: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) epaulette-shaped gastric phacellus C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without appendage D) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots, note slender, very sharp tipped velarial canals. C. xaymacana: E) adult medusa (preserved) F) single rooted gastric phacellum, original drawing of Bigelow (1938) G) gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal, note knee bend with appended peak (arrow) I) octant of velarium, note two broad, biforked, sharp-tipped velarial canals. Carybdea confusa: J) adult medusa (preserved) K) single stemmed, single rooted gastric phacellus L) pedalial canal knee bend with appended thorn (arrow) M) octant of velarium, note two multiple branched, round tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIGURE 8 in Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis

FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic reconstructions (Maximum likelihood) of the analyzed specimens of Carybdea using the mitochondrial marker 16S. Numbers on the branches represent the estimated Posterior Probability (Bayesian inference), bootstrap (maximum parsimony) and bootstrap (maximum likelihood) in General Time Reversible model. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-1776.8808) is shown. Branches with less than 50% support are denoted by (-).

FIGURE 7 in Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis

FIGURE 7. Comparison between smaller stages of C. marsupialis (left column) and C. xaymacana (right column): A and B) general view of the small cubomedusae, 4 tentacles in C. marsupialis and 2 tentacles in C. xaymacana; C and D) comparison of the tentacles; E and F) detail of the rhopaliar niche. Photographs taken of live specimens (with exception of E): E. Obis.

FIGURE 11 in Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis

FIGURE 11. Velarial canal pattern of the so-called Charybdea alata Stiasny (1939) from Kamaran (Red Sea). This canal pattern is identical to that shown in the specimen described as Carybdea marsupialis by Kazmi & Sultana (2008) in Pakistan waters, both now identified as Alatina grandis (Agassiz & Mayer, 1902) (Straehler-Pohl & Gul 2017).

FIGURE 6 in Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis

FIGURE 6. Developmental stages of C. marsupialis (preserved specimens): A) oral view, stage A, short tentacle (solid arrow) and rhopalium (dashed arrow) B) stage B starting the development of pedalia C) stage C with gastric phacellae completely developed D) stage D start the development of velarial canals E) stage E appearance of gonadal tissue F) adult stage F with ripe male gonads. Photographer: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 10. Comparison between adult C. marsupialis and C in Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis

FIGURE 10. Comparison between adult C. marsupialis and C. xaymacana (preserved specimens): A) thick apex and gastric phacellae of C. marsupialis B) upper exumbrella and phacellae of C. xaymacana C) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend (arrow) in C. marsupialis D) volcano-shaped to triangular knee bend (arrow) in C. xaymacana E) original line drawing of C. marsupialis velarial canals (arrows) by Claus (1878) F) original line drawing of C. xaymacana velarial canals by Conant (1898). Velarial canals on the specimens observed in this publication G) C. marsupialis, 3 velarial canals (arrows) per octant (= 6 per quadrant) with different complexity H) C. xaymacana, 2 biforked velarial canals (arrows) per octant (= 4 per quadrant). Photographs: E. Obis.

FIGURE 3 in Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis

FIGURE 3. Characters for identification in species of the family Carybdeidae (species in order of appearance in the text; preserved specimens). C. brevipedalia: A) adult medusa (preserved) B) linear gastric phacellus C) gastric filament, note long stem (arrow) D) peaked (arrow) pedalial canal knee bend E) octant of velarium with 3 canal roots. C. rastonii: F) adult medusa (preserved) G) linear gastric phacellus H) pedalial canal with rounded knee bend I) octant of velarium, note two broad, blunt tipped velarial canals. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIGURE 5 in Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis

FIGURE 5. General aspects of C. marsupialis: A) habitus live (photographer: C. Casanellas) B) preserved (Neotype: MZB 2015-1701) C) aboral view of gastric cavity D) close up of eppaulette shape phacellae E) pedalium F) pedalial knee bend G) rhopalium H) detail of the velarial canals (3 per quadrant). Photographer of different C. marsupialis individuals C-H: E. Obis. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIGURE 4 in Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis

FIGURE 4. Schematic drawing of anatomical characters and standard measurements used (following Gershwin 2005a,b, 2006; Straehler-Pohl 2014); A) lateral view and B) subumbrella view. Gastric filaments (GF); bell (B); gonads (Go); rhopalial niche (RhN); pedalium (P); pedalial canal (PC); outer pedalial wing (oPW); inner pedalial wing (iPW); tentacle (T); bell height (BH); interrhopalial width (IRW); diagonal bell width (DBW); interpedalial diameter (IPD); interrhopalial diameter (IRD); velarial canal (VC); velarium (V); manubrium (M); stomach (Sto); mesenterium (Mes).

Figure 9 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)

Figure 9. Morbakka sp. from the Philippines (USNM 28713): (A) whole specimen of the large individual, (B) whole specimen of the small individual, (C) rhopaliar niche ostium, (D) pedalial canal of the large specimen, (E) pedalial canal bend of the small specimen, (F) velarial canals of the small specimen, (G) velarial canals of the large specimen, (H, I) unidentified nematocyst capsules from the tentacles. rho: rhopaliar horn, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pl: perradial lappet. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, B and G), 5 mm (C–F), and 50 µm (H, I).

Figure 5 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)

Figure 5. Malo filipina: (A) whole specimen, USNM 27936, (B) view from subumbrellar opening into subumbrellar cavity; the manubrium was cut open showing the inside of the lower portion of the stomach (USNM 27936), (C) frenulum 27936, (D) velarium with perradial lappet (USNM 27936), (E) velarium with perradial lappet (USNM 27935), (F) pedalium (USNM 28714), (G) pedalial canal with proximal pedalial canal bend (USNM 27936), (H) rhopaliar niche (USNM 27936). fre: frenulum, ma: manubrium, me: mesenterium, nw: nematocyst wart, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pl: perradial lappet, rho: rhopaliar horn, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, ve: velarium. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, B, D–F), 5 mm (C, G and H).

Figure 3 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)

Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.

Figure 4 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)

Figure 4. Characters distinguishing the genera of Carukiidae. The location of the characters illustrated in (A–J) are indicated on the specimen in the upper left hand corner. The rhopaliar niche ostium is always horizontally oriented and more or less oval in the Carukiidae; however, its shape may vary among specimens. Carukia: (A) rhopaliar niche with horns, (B) velarium, (C) tentacle with "neckerchiefs"; Malo: (D) rhopaliar niche with horns, (E) velarium; Gerongia: (F) rhopaliar niche with horns, (G) velarium; Morbakka: (H, I) differences of rhopaliar niche and horns between M. fenneri (H) and M. virulenta (I), in both cases the rhopaliar horns are "rabbit-ear" shaped but the angle and breadth of the horns vary, (J) velarium. nc: "neckerchief", nw: nematocyst wart, pl: perradial lappet, rn: rhopaliar niche, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.

Figure 2 in An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the "Irukandji family" (Carukiidae)

Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae). sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.