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42 results for “Catharus”
FIGURE 3 in Restoring the species status of Catharus maculatus (Aves: Turdidae), a secretive Andean thrush, with a critique of the yardstick approach to species delimitation
FIGURE 3. Digital photograph series showing the upper breast and throat of eight museum skins in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH): (A–B) Catharus dryas ecuadoreanus, males collected in Ecuador in 1920 and 1921, respectively (167879, 172129); (C–D) C. d. maculatus, males collected in Ecuador in 1968 and 1923, respectively (820707, 180630); (E–F) C. d. dryas, male and female collected by Salvin in 1843 in Guatemala (39090, 39091); (G) C. d. harrisoni, female collected in Oaxaca, Mexico, 1967 (793482); (H) C. d. ovandensis, male collected in Chiapas, Mexico, 1965 (784661).
FIGURE 1 in Restoring the species status of Catharus maculatus (Aves: Turdidae), a secretive Andean thrush, with a critique of the yardstick approach to species delimitation
FIGURE 1. Map showing approximate distributions (in dark gray) of the C. d. dryas in Mesoamerica, and C. d. maculatus in South America. Figure is based on map from NatureServe InfoNatura (http://infonatura.natureserve.org).
Figure 15 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 15. Ventral and dorsal views of the adult male plumages in C. b. berlepschi, C. b. caniceps, C. o. tenebris ssp. nov., C. b. nebulus ssp. nov., and C. mentalis. Photograph by M.R.H.
Figure 13 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 13. Dorsal and ventral views of the adult plumages in C. hellmayri, C. arcanus sp. nov., C. mirabilis, and C. f. sanctaemartae. Photograph by M.R.H.
Figure 12 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 12. Heat map showing frequency distributions of song contours within each population. Dyadic, triadic, and tetradic song contour names follow Fig. 5. Single-note songs are shown in the first column (A) and songs with five or six notes were combined into a single category, shown in the last column (FIVESIX). Open (white) circles denote song contours that were not detected in C. [f.] hellmayri, despite it having a much larger sample size than other taxa. Closed (black) circles denote contours that were only detected in one taxon.
Figure 11 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 11. Taxonomic variation in the structure of 'blurred calls', visualized in RavenPro 1.5 (Cornell University). The black line divides calls that modulate upward in frequency (left) and downward in frequency (right); both types were detected in C. [f.] berlepschi.
Figure 10 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 10. Taxonomic variation in the structure of 'contact calls', visualized in RavenPro 1.5 (Cornell University). No recording of contact calls in C. [f.] mentalis was available.
Figure 9 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 9. Taxonomic variation in the structure of 'punctuation calls', visualized in RavenPro 1.5 (Cornell University). We recognize three groups based on shared acoustic structure: (Type 1) pulsed/rippling: C. [f.] hellmayri, Undescribed 1, C. [f.] mirabilis; (Type 2) long/sinuous: C. [f.] sanctaemartae, C. [f.] fuscater, C. [f.] berplepschi; (Type 3) short/simple: Undescribed 2, C. [f.] opertaneus, Undescribed 3, C. [f.] mentalis.
Figure 8 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 8. Side view of polychromatic adult plumages in C. [f.] mentalis (from left to right): 1, FMNH 433742, a 'grey' male with enlarged testes; 2, FMNH 433738, a 'brown' male with enlarged testes; 3, FMNH 364458, a 'brown' male with testes not enlarged; 4, FMNH 433740, an adult female with an enlarged ovary. Adults of both colour types (FMNH 433742, 433738) were collected at the same site in November 2001. Photograph by M.R.H.
Figure 7 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 7. Time-calibrated Bayesian Inference (BI) tree reconstructed from ND2 sequences of 37 samples of C. [fuscater] with the GTR+I+G substitution model (see Methods). The topology was consistent with the maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) trees. Molecular clock estimates of lineage divergence times were calibrated with ND2 rates from Lerner et al. (2011) and node bars indicate the 95% highest posterior density interval. Branch lengths are proportional to substitutions per site. Support values for well-supported nodes are shown to the upper left of the node (MP/ML/BI). Support values are not shown for nodes with <70 bootstrap support (MP/ML) or <0.90 posterior probability (BI).
Figure 6 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 6. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogeny of the C. [fuscater] complex based on a matrix of 2199 UCEs assembled from 24 samples. Black circles denote 100% bootstrap support for critical nodes supporting monophyly of taxonomic groups, with one exception (92%) as noted. Colour scheme of terminal taxa is standardized across figures.
Figure 3 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 3. Genetic sampling locations in southern Ecuador and northern Peru. Satellite imagery created in Google Earth Pro. The Ecuador-Peru border is shown with a thin yellow line in the upper left portion of the map. Diamonds denote sampling locations for UCE and ND2 data. Circles denote sampling locations for ND2 data only. Shape size is correlated with the number of samples (1–3). Abra de Porculla (Porculla Pass) is a mountain pass in northern Peru, within the elevational range of the C. [fuscater] complex, which permits dispersal between the western and eastern slopes. The Río Huancabamba and Río Chinchipe both flow into the Río Marañón, which flows east into the Amazon Basin (denoted by arrows).
Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 1. Geographic distribution of the C. [fuscater] complex in Central and South America. Lines point to type localities. Diamonds denote sampling locations for UCE and ND2 data. Triangles denote sampling locations for UCE data only. Circles denote sampling locations for ND2 data only. Shape size is correlated with the number of samples (1–3). The colour-blind friendly palette used here is standardized across figures.
Figure 5 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 5. Exhaustive chart of dyadic (N = 2), triadic (N = 6), and tetradic (N = 24) frequency contours used to classify song types in the C. [fuscater] complex, following Figure 4 schematic. Theoretical sonogram shapes of each contour are shown (i.e., the y-axis denotes frequency, and the x-axis denotes time).
Figure 19 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 19. Side view of adult plumages in C. o. tenebris ssp. nov. Photograph by M.R.H.
Figure 14 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 14. Side view of the adult plumages in C. arcanus sp. nov.. Photograph by M.R.H.
Figure 17 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 17. Side view of adult plumages in C. b. nebulus ssp. nov. Photograph by M.R.H.
FIGURE 5 in Restoring the species status of Catharus maculatus (Aves: Turdidae), a secretive Andean thrush, with a critique of the yardstick approach to species delimitation
FIGURE 5. Scatterplots of principal component scores, derived from four variables calculated from recorded songs from Mesoamerica (C. d. dryas) and South America (C. d. maculatus). Ellipses encompass ¿95% of measured individuals.
Figure 18 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 18. Ventral and dorsal views of juvenile plumages in C. hellmayri, C. b. nebulus ssp. nov., and C. b. berlepschi. Photograph by M.R.H.
Figure 16 in Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden diversity in the Catharus fuscater (Passeriformes: Turdidae) complex in Central and South America
Figure 16. Ventral and dorsal views of the adult female plumages in C. b. berlepschi, C. b. caniceps, C. o. tenebris ssp. nov., C. b. nebulus ssp. nov., and C. mentalis. Photograph by M.R.H.
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