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42 results for “Catharus”
Figure 1. UWBM 79993 in Neotypification of Catharus ustulatus (Nuttall)
Figure 1. UWBM 79993, the neotype of Turdus ustulatusȱ Nuttall,ȱ 1840;ȱ seeȱ textȱ forȱ detailȱ ofȱ theȱ specimen'sȱ provenanceȱ(MatthewȱR.ȱHalley)
Data from: Factors affecting the nesting success of Swainson's thrush (Catharus ustulatus) along an elevational gradient
<p>Montane birds face several ecological challenges during the breeding season, including nest predators, competition for territory, and food availability. The continuing effects of climate change are causing shifts in these plant and animal communities, as well as changes in abiotic factors such as increased temperature and precipitation effects, adding additional stressors that could affect nest survival, putting their populations at risk. The Swainson's thrush (<em>Catharus ustulatus</em>) is migratory songbird which is moderately common and breeds along a wide elevation gradient within this system (200-1,250m). Populations of Swainson's thrush were once declining, though recent research shows their ranges to be shifting downwards, potentially as the result of increased precipitation and temperature at higher elevations. Although lower elevations might be more favorable in terms of climactic conditions, nest predation is higher at lower elevations in other systems. Thus, this species might be faced with the opposing pressures of adverse climactic conditions at higher elevations and increased predation at lower elevations. Nest survival is a fundamental process to population size, and therefore, is important in evaluating how montane breeding birds are adjusting to the changing climate. We monitored nests of Swainson's thrush along an elevation gradient in the White Mountain National Forest in New Hampshire in 2016, 2018, 2019 and 2021 at two sites: Mt. Jefferson (500-1,250m) and Bartlett Experimental Forest (200-300m). We found a significant negative effect of rain intensity (millimeters per hour per day) as well as a negative interaction effect of elevation with minimum daily temperature and average daily temperature, on the daily survival rate of Swainson's thrush. Our results provide evidence that nesting survival of montane breeding birds could be at risk as heavier precipitation events become more frequent and intense, a likely outcome due to the changing climate within the White Mountains and other montane ecosystems, putting other passerine species at risk in this system. </p>
Data from: Factors affecting the nesting success of Swainson's thrush (Catharus ustulatus) along an elevational gradient
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Data sets and analyses for genomics of cryptic speciation in Catharus thrushes
<p>Cryptic speciation may occur when reproductive isolation is recent or the accumulation of morphological differences between sister lineages is slowed by stabilizing selection preventing phenotypic differentiation. In North America, Bicknell's Thrush (<i>Catharus bicknelli</i>) and its sister species, the Gray-cheeked Thrush (<i>Catharus minimus</i>), are parapatrically breeding migratory songbirds, distinguishable in nature only by subtle differences in song and coloration, and were recognized as distinct species only in the 1990s. Previous molecular studies have estimated that the species diverged ~120 - 420 thousand YBP and found very low levels of introgression despite their similarity and sympatry in the spring (prebreeding) migration. To further clarify the history, genetic divergence, genomic structure and adaptive processes in <i>C. bicknelli</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>minimus</i>, we sequenced and assembled high-coverage reference genomes of both species and re-sequenced genomes from population samples of <i>C. bicknelli</i>, <i>C. minimus</i>, and two individuals of the Swainson's Thrush (<i>C. ustulatus</i>). The genome of <i>C. bicknelli</i> exhibits markedly higher abundances of transposable elements compared to other <i>Catharus</i> and chicken. Demographic and admixture analyses confirm moderate genome-wide differentiation (<i>F</i><sub>st</sub> <i>≈</i> 0.10) and limited gene flow between <i>C. bicknelli</i> and C. <i>minimus,</i> but suggest a more recent divergence than estimates based on mtDNA. We find evidence of rapid evolution of the Z-chromosome and elevated divergence consistent with natural selection on genomic regions near genes involved with neuronal processes in <i>C. bicknelli.</i> These genomes are a useful resource for future investigations of speciation, migration, and adaptation in <i>Catharus </i>thrushes.</p>
Data from: Assessing Catharus bicknelli (Bicknell’s Thrush) habitat dynamics: A high-resolution model based on LiDAR metrics
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Data sets and analyses for genomics of cryptic speciation in Catharus thrushes
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Shortgrass Steppe site, station USGS Breeding Bird Survey Route 17305, Nunn, CO, study of animal abundance of Catharus ustulatus in units of numberPerSightingEffort on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Shortgrass Steppe (SGS) contains animal abundance of Catharus ustulatus measurements in numberPerSightingEffort units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Hubbard Brook site, station 10-hectare bird count plot at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, study of animal abundance of Catharus guttatus (hermit thrush) in units of numberPer10Hectares on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Hubbard Brook (HBR) contains animal abundance of Catharus guttatus (hermit thrush) measurements in numberPer10Hectares units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Hubbard Brook site, station 10-hectare bird count plot at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, study of animal abundance of Catharus ustulatus in units of numberPer10Hectares on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Hubbard Brook (HBR) contains animal abundance of Catharus ustulatus measurements in numberPer10Hectares units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Hubbard Brook site, station 10-hectare bird count plot at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, study of animal abundance of Catharus fuscescens (veery) in units of numberPer10Hectares on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Hubbard Brook (HBR) contains animal abundance of Catharus fuscescens (veery) measurements in numberPer10Hectares units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
Figure 2 in Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus
Figure 2. Reproductive phenology of C. dryas. The black bars show the total number of nests encountered monthly with eggs. The white bars show the ones encountered with nestlings. The red line represents the precipitation values recorded in the Manu National Park between 2000 and 2012, obtained from http://www.worldweatheronline.com/. Note the synchrony between the start of the rains and egg laying, and the end of reproduction with the peak of rains.
Figure 1 in Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus
Figure 1. Photographic evidence of Catharus dryas nesting characteristics. (a) The two nest layers: external layer composed principally of moss, and the internal layer built with thick and dark root networks. This photo is a courtesy of Sharon Beals, from the collection of the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology. (b) Greenish-blue eggs with brown speckles. (c) Evidence of the high moss density on the vegetation at the nest's locations. (d) Three-day old nestling. (e) Ten-day old nestling. (f) 13-day old nestling.
Figure 6 in Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus
Figure 6. Absolute character values for all Catharus species. Values correspond to the minimum range. White bars represent Temperate species, meanwhile grey bars represent Tropical species. C. dryas is highlighted by a dark grey colour. Asterisk (*) indicates not available information for those species.
Figure 5 in Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus
Figure 5. Nestling growth rate throughout the nestling period in C. dryas. (a) Mass, (b) wing and (c) tarsus growth. The nestling age corresponds to the days elapsed after hatching. The intervals correspond to standard deviation and the numbers in the first panel to the sample size (number of nestling) for each specific age.
Figure 3 in Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus
Figure 3. Mean nest attendance per day across the incubation period of C. dryas based on data from 12 nests. The error bars correspond to standard deviation and the numbers above the bars to the number of nests monitored. Statistical analysis indicates no-change nest attendance through the incubation period.
Figure 4 in Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus
Figure 4. Daytime incubation behaviour in C. dryas. (a) Egg (black points) and environmental (grey points) temperatures, and the variation by hour measured as standard deviation. (b) Time on the nest, measured as the number of minutes in the nest. (c) Number of off-bout trips. (d) Length of off-bout trips. These figures are based on data from seven nest monitored during 52 days. This plot shows a relative constant pattern of egg temperature, nest attendance and the length of trips across the day.
FIGURE 7 in Restoring the species status of Catharus maculatus (Aves: Turdidae), a secretive Andean thrush, with a critique of the yardstick approach to species delimitation
FIGURE 7. Maxent projected models of estimate ecological niche distributions for Mesoamerican (A) and South American (B) populations of C. dryas. Dotted lines indicate the approximate southern and northern range boundaries of the populations in Mesoamerica and South America, respectively. Black circles represent collection localities of genetic samples used in this study.
FIGURE 6 in Restoring the species status of Catharus maculatus (Aves: Turdidae), a secretive Andean thrush, with a critique of the yardstick approach to species delimitation
FIGURE 6. Audio spectrograms showing variation in whistled songs from Mesoamerica (C. d. dryas), and South America (C. d. maculatus). Two songs each are shown (a, b) from the repertoires of 7 singers (1–7), representing Mexico (1–4), Peru (5), Bolivia (6), and Ecuador (7).
FIGURE 2 in Restoring the species status of Catharus maculatus (Aves: Turdidae), a secretive Andean thrush, with a critique of the yardstick approach to species delimitation
FIGURE 2. Maximum Likelihood Tree reconstructed from ND2 sequences of 17 individual thrushes, obtained via heuristic search under the GTR+I substitution model (see methods). Branch lengths (MP/ML) are proportional to substitutions per site. The topology of the MP tree was identical. Average uncorrected p-distances are shown above the nodes of interest, and bootstrap values (MP/ML) are shown below.
FIGURE 4 in Restoring the species status of Catharus maculatus (Aves: Turdidae), a secretive Andean thrush, with a critique of the yardstick approach to species delimitation
FIGURE 4. Scatterplots of principal component scores separated by sex, derived from four morphometric characters from Mesoamerican (C. d. dryas, C. d. harrisoni, C. d. ovandensis) and South American (C. d. maculatus) specimens. Ellipses encompass ¿95% of measured individuals.
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