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FIGURE 25 in Caves as a key habitat for rare and endemic species of the west coast of North America: a taxonomic revision of the spider genus Oaphantes (Araneae Linyphiidae)

FIGURE 25. Distribution map of Oaphantes pallidulus (Banks 1904), O. cryophilus n. sp. and O. prometheus n. sp.

FIGURES 9–16. Oaphantes cryophilus. 9 in Caves as a key habitat for rare and endemic species of the west coast of North America: a taxonomic revision of the spider genus Oaphantes (Araneae Linyphiidae)

FIGURES 9–16. Oaphantes cryophilus. 9, endite and chelicera of male, lateral view (arrow points to setose tubercle); 10, face of male, frontal view (arrow points to mastidion); 11, male palp, retrolateral view; 12, male palp, prolateral view (arrow points to embolus dentation); 13, embolic division of male palp, prolateral view; 14, epigynum, ventral view; 15, internal genitalia, dorsal view, 16, epigynum of female, lateral view. Scale bars for figures 9–10, 14–16 = 0.5mm; figures 11–13 = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 1–8. Oaphantes pallidulus. 1 in Caves as a key habitat for rare and endemic species of the west coast of North America: a taxonomic revision of the spider genus Oaphantes (Araneae Linyphiidae)

FIGURES 1–8. Oaphantes pallidulus. 1, endite and chelicera of male, lateral view (arrow points to setose tubercle); 2, face of male, frontal view (arrow points to mastidion); 3, male palp, retrolateral view (arrow points to paracymbial keel); 4, male palp, prolateral view (arrow points to embolus spike): 5, embolic division of male palp, prolateral view; 6, epigynum, ventral view; 7, internal genitalia, dorsal view; 8, epigynum of female, lateral view. Scale bars for figures 1–4, 6–8 = 0.5mm, figure 5 = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 17–24. Oaphantes prometheus 17 in Caves as a key habitat for rare and endemic species of the west coast of North America: a taxonomic revision of the spider genus Oaphantes (Araneae Linyphiidae)

FIGURES 17–24. Oaphantes prometheus 17, face of male, frontal view (arrow points to mastidion); 18, face of female, frontal view; 19, male palp, retrolateral view (arrow points to paracymbial keel); 20, male palp, prolateral view (arrow points to embolus blunt spike); 21, embolic division of male palp, prolateral view; 22, epigynum, ventral view; 23, internal genitalia, dorsal view, 24, epigynum of female, lateral view. Scale bars for figures 17–18, 22–24 = 0.5mm; figures 19–21 = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Endecous apterus: A new species of cave cricket from northeast Brazil, with comments on the use of subterranean habitats by Luzarinae crickets (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae: Luzarinae)

FIGURE 3. Male phallic complex of Endecous apterus n. sp. in dorsal view (A), ventral (B), posterior (C) and lateral (D).

FIGURE 4 in Endecous apterus: A new species of cave cricket from northeast Brazil, with comments on the use of subterranean habitats by Luzarinae crickets (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae: Luzarinae)

FIGURE 4. Map of the cave "Cavidade 3". The cave zones are demonstrated by gray color and the red spots refer to the places inside the cave where we found specimens.

FIGURE 2 in Endecous apterus: A new species of cave cricket from northeast Brazil, with comments on the use of subterranean habitats by Luzarinae crickets (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae: Luzarinae)

FIGURE 2. Endecous apterus sp. n., general morphology. A—male habitus, lateral; B—Lateral view of male head and pronotum; C—Male head and pronotum in dorsal view; D—Male head in frontal view; E—Maxillary palpi; F—Supra analplate (female); G—Supra-anal plate (male); H—subgenital plate (male); I—subgenital plate (female); J—ovipositor in dorsal view; K—ovipositor, ventral view; L—male hind tibia. Scale bar: 1mm

FIGURE 1 in Endecous apterus: A new species of cave cricket from northeast Brazil, with comments on the use of subterranean habitats by Luzarinae crickets (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae: Luzarinae)

FIGURE 1. Habitat and habits of Endecous apterus n. sp. A—surroundings of the cave "Cavidade 3" in dry season; B—the same, in wet season; C—entrance of the cave "Cavidade 3"; D—individuals feeding; E—Male adult; F—Individuals copulating; G—individuals adults and nymphs; H—individual of E. apterus preyed by a scorpion.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from two caves and a spring in western Maryland, USA with additional records of undescribed species from groundwater habitats in central Maryland

FIGURE 5. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0–2.5 mm): (a) pleonal plates 1, 2, 3; (b) pleonite 1; (c) uropod 1; (d) uropod 2; (e) uropod 3; (f) telson. Uropods, pleonites and telson drawn to same scale; pleonal plates drawn to smaller scale.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from two caves and a spring in western Maryland, USA with additional records of undescribed species from groundwater habitats in central Maryland

FIGURE 3. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0–2.5 mm): (a) gnathopod 1 (palmar region enlarged; (b) gnathopod 2 (palmar region enlarged). Gnathopods drawn to same scale.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from two caves and a spring in western Maryland, USA with additional records of undescribed species from groundwater habitats in central Maryland

FIGURE 2. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0–2.5 mm): (a, b) antenna 1,antenna 2; (c) right mandible; (d) left mandible in part; (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilla 2; (h) maxilliped. All mouthparts drawn to same scale; antennae drawn to smaller scale.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from two caves and a spring in western Maryland, USA with additional records of undescribed species from groundwater habitats in central Maryland

FIGURE 4. Stygobromus amicus, sp. n. John Friend Cave, Garrett County, Maryland. Paratype specimen (2.0–2.5 mm): (a) pereopod 3; (b) pereopod 4; (c) pereopod 5; (d) pereopd 6; (e) pereopod 7. Pereopods drawn to same scale.

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FIGURE 4. Study area and habitats. A in Endecous peruassuensis n. sp. (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from caves of Eastern Brazil: evidence of isolation in the subterranean realm and discussion about troglomorphisms

FIGURE 4. Study area and habitats. A—surroundings of the cave in dry season (Cerrado—brazilian savannah); B—entrance of the Olhos D' água cave; C—main conduit; D—Lapa do Cipó cave; E—E. peruassuensis sp. n. male; F—E. peruassuensis sp. n. female; G—E. aguassay; H—male court.

FIGURES 13–15 in Genus Neelus Folsom, 1896 (Hexapoda, Collembola) reveals its diversity in cave habitats: two new species from Croatia

FIGURES 13–15. Neelus cvitanovici sp. nov.: 13, antenna, dorsal view (subapical organite of Ant. IV enlarged); 14, retinaculum; 15, furca, posterior view.

FIGURES 25–26 in Genus Neelus Folsom, 1896 (Hexapoda, Collembola) reveals its diversity in cave habitats: two new species from Croatia

FIGURES 25–26. Neelus lackovici sp. nov.: 25, male genital plate, Abd. VI st.—sternum, Abd. IV st.—sternum, nsneosminthuroid chaetae, av—anal valve mesochaetae, Μ.av—microchaetae of anal valves; 26, female genital plate.

FIGURES 8–12 in Genus Neelus Folsom, 1896 (Hexapoda, Collembola) reveals its diversity in cave habitats: two new species from Croatia

FIGURES 8–12. Neelus cvitanovici sp. nov.: 8, chaetotaxy and arrangement of sensory fields on on thorax and abdomen, specimen from Markov ponor cave, sf 4–6—sensory field 4–6, ns—neosminthuroid chaetae, τ— τ-chaetae, * indicates variability in type of chaetae; 9, thoracal sensory field with τ-chaetae and 2+2 axial chaetae above s.f.; 10, posterior part of abdomen, specimen from Markov ponor cave, av—anal valve chaetae, Μ.av—microchaetae of anal valves, * indicates variability in type of chaetae; 11, Abd. IV-VI half-sterna; 12, tubus ventralis, lateral view.

FIGURES 4–7 in Genus Neelus Folsom, 1896 (Hexapoda, Collembola) reveals its diversity in cave habitats: two new species from Croatia

FIGURES 4–7. Neelus cvitanovici sp. nov.: 4, head, dorsal side, anterior labral row enlarged, sf 1–2—sensory field 1 and 2; 5, maxilla, different views; 6, maxillary outer lobe; 7, ventral side of head with labium and connection of integumentary channels with linea ventralis.

FIGURES 27–28 in Genus Neelus Folsom, 1896 (Hexapoda, Collembola) reveals its diversity in cave habitats: two new species from Croatia

FIGURES 27–28. Neelus lackovici sp. nov.: 27, antenna, dorsal view (subapical organite of Ant. IV enlarged); 28, furca, posterior view.

FIGURES 23–24 in Genus Neelus Folsom, 1896 (Hexapoda, Collembola) reveals its diversity in cave habitats: two new species from Croatia

FIGURES 23–24. Neelus lackovici sp. nov.: 23, chaetotaxy and arrangement of sensory fields on thorax and anterior part of abdomen, sf 3–5—sensory field 3–5, τ—τ-chaetae; 24, posterior part of abdomen with s2 sensillum enlarged, sf 6—sensory field 6, av—anal valve chaetae.

FIGURE 1 in Genus Neelus Folsom, 1896 (Hexapoda, Collembola) reveals its diversity in cave habitats: two new species from Croatia

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of the genus Neelus showing all records in Croatian caves, and type locality of N. klisurensis in Kosovo.