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FIGURE 3 in Qualitative and quantitative morphological evidence for recognition of a new species within Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from Mexico

FIGURE 3. Comparison between reproductive structures of species: (3.1) ovulate strobilus of Ceratozamia chamberlainii; (3.2) ovulate strobilus of C. fuscoviridis.

FIGURE 2 in Qualitative and quantitative morphological evidence for recognition of a new species within Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from Mexico

FIGURE 2. Ceratozamia chamberlainii. (2.1) Adult plant with mature leaves; (2.2) microsporophyll; (2.3) new leaf; (2.4) detail of rachis and leaflet base; (2.5) pollen strobilus; (2.6) ovulate strobilus at emergence; (2.7) ovulate strobilus; (2.8) ovulate strobilus at maturity.

FIGURE 1 in Qualitative and quantitative morphological evidence for recognition of a new species within Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from Mexico

FIGURE 1. (1.1) Linear Discriminant Analysis for variables show text (1.2–1.7). Average variation and standard deviation in characteres evaluated at species level. C. chamberlainii populations are represented by solid line and C. fuscoviridis populations with dotted line.

FIGURE 4 in Qualitative and quantitative morphological evidence for recognition of a new species within Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from Mexico

FIGURE 4. Distribution map of the species Ceratozamia chamberlainii and C. fuscoviridis; species records obtained from herbaria are represented by small solid black figures and sampled populations for this study with large figures.

FIGURE 6 in Qualitative and quantitative morphological evidence for recognition of a new species within Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from Mexico

FIGURE 6. Comparison between species: (6.1) Ceratozamia fuscoviridis with young leaves; (6.2) C. chamberlainii with young leaves; (6.3) vernation of C. chamberlainii; (6.4; 6.6) C. fuscoviridis, new leaves (vernation); (6.5) polymorphism of C. fuscoviridis, plant with green leaves and plant with brown leaves.

FIGURE 5 in Ceratozamia sanchezae (Zamiaceae): a new cycad species from Chiapas Highlands (Mexico)

FIGURE 5. Linear Discriminant Analysis plot showing the grouping of the analyzed populations of Ceratozamia robusta sensu lato. The three elevational groups do not overlap (except for one sample) when considering the dispersion of six populations along the two main axes (A). Biplots represent the loading of each morphological trait (A−J) in the distinction of the populations. The separation is clearer when considering the three elevation groups (C) or the two morphological groups proxies (C).

FIGURE 6 in Ceratozamia sanchezae (Zamiaceae): a new cycad species from Chiapas Highlands (Mexico)

FIGURE 6. Ceratozamia sanchezae. sp. nov. in situ. (A) Adult plant. Emerging leaves can be either light green (B) or reddish-brown (C-D) until maturation.

FIGURE 2 in Ceratozamia sanchezae (Zamiaceae): a new cycad species from Chiapas Highlands (Mexico)

FIGURE 2. Leaf comparison at different maturation stages. Leaflets of Ceratozamia sanchezae (Tenejapa, Chiapas) at the juvenile stage have a "miquelianoid" shape (A), leaves may be reddish-brown (B) or green when immature, and arch upon maturation (C). In C. robusta (Parque Nacional Cañón del Sumidero, Chiapas), juveniles (D) and adults (E–F) have leaflets that are narrower and linear, and leaves are erect.

FIGURE 1 in Ceratozamia sanchezae (Zamiaceae): a new cycad species from Chiapas Highlands (Mexico)

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of the known populations of Ceratozamia robusta from Chiapas (Mexico), Tabasco (Mexico), Belize, and Guatemala. The star symbol indicates the neotype locality of C. robusta: PNCS = Parque Nacional Cañón del Sumidero, which was included in this study. Large circles show the rest of the populations analyzed in this study: ENMC= Ejido Nuevo Monte Cristo, TEN = Tenejapa, YAJ = Yajalón, LC = Las Cuevas, BC = Barton Creek. Smaller red circles indicate other populations of C. robusta that have been registered in herbaria (Appendix A). Green color scale indicates the elevation in meters above sea level (m a.s.l.) as recorded in the raster layers of 30-sec resolution of the NASA Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) 90m Digital Elevation Database v4.1 deposited in DIVA-GIS (https://www.diva-gis.org/).

FIGURE 3 in Ceratozamia sanchezae (Zamiaceae): a new cycad species from Chiapas Highlands (Mexico)

FIGURE 3. Linear regressions that test associations between trait variation (vertical axes) and elevation (vertical axes) in Ceratozamia robusta sensu lato analyzed. Pearson's r values are indicated. * = p <0.05, *** = p <0.001.

FIGURE 7 in Ceratozamia sanchezae (Zamiaceae): a new cycad species from Chiapas Highlands (Mexico)

FIGURE 7. Strobili of Ceratozamia sanchezae. (A) Immature and (B) mature megastrobili. (C) Immature and (D) mature microstrobili.

FIGURE 4 in Critical evaluation of two published descriptions of the same species of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from northern Oaxaca, Mexico, and the formal synonymization of C. martinezii under C. aurantiaca

FIGURE 4. Leaflet vein comparison: (A) conspicuous, translucent veins of Ceratozamia zoquorum Pérez-Farr., Vovides & Iglesias (2001: 175); (B) inconspicuous, slightly translucent, light green veins of C. aurantiaca. Both leaflets were taken from old, mature leaves.

FIGURE 2 in Critical evaluation of two published descriptions of the same species of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from northern Oaxaca, Mexico, and the formal synonymization of C. martinezii under C. aurantiaca

FIGURE 2. Leaflet texture comparison: (A) papyraceous leaflet of Ceratozamia miqueliana H.Wendl. (1854: 68) bends easily; (B) coriaceous leaflet of C. aurantiaca cracks upon bending. Both leaflets were taken from old, mature leaves.

FIGURE 1 in Critical evaluation of two published descriptions of the same species of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) from northern Oaxaca, Mexico, and the formal synonymization of C. martinezii under C. aurantiaca

FIGURE 1. Ceratozamia aurantiaca at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden in FL, USA: (A) large adult plant growing in full sun; (B) closeup of characteristic orange emerging leaves.

FIGURE 14 in Morphological and anatomical analyses clarify the species definition of Ceratozamia latifolia Miq. (Zamiaceae) and lead to the description of a new species: Ceratozamia reesii

FIGURE 14. Ceratozamia reesii sp. nov. in the holotype's population, San Pedro, Xilitla, SLP. (A) Adult plant in its usual karstic cliff habitat. Aspect of leaves in (B) juveniles and (C) and adult plants in habitat.

FIGURE 11 in Morphological and anatomical analyses clarify the species definition of Ceratozamia latifolia Miq. (Zamiaceae) and lead to the description of a new species: Ceratozamia reesii

FIGURE 11. Cross section through leaflet margins: A, Ceratozamia latifolia indicating palisade mesophyll cells and margin hypodermal sclerenchyma fibres (arrows). B, C. reesii indicating perivascular and intravascular fibres (arrows) bars = 100µm. C, detail of C. latifolia leaflet margin indicating margin hypodermal sclerenchyma fibres and cuticle, bar = 100µm. D, cross section through C. latifolia leaflet showing stomatal apparatus, epistomatal pore and large lumen cell (arrows), bar = 20µm. Stain, A–C phloroglucinol HCl, D Safranin O and Fast Green FCF.

FIGURE 3 in Morphological and anatomical analyses clarify the species definition of Ceratozamia latifolia Miq. (Zamiaceae) and lead to the description of a new species: Ceratozamia reesii

FIGURE 3. Comparison of seed cones among the two focal species in this study, Ceratozamia latifolia (= C. microstrobila) and C. reesii sp. nov. (populations from northern Xilitla, San Luis Potosí, Mexico), and the geographically close species, C. chamberlainii. Scale = 10 cm.

FIGURE 2 in Morphological and anatomical analyses clarify the species definition of Ceratozamia latifolia Miq. (Zamiaceae) and lead to the description of a new species: Ceratozamia reesii

FIGURE 2. Comparison of leaflets within and among the two focal species in this study, Ceratozamia latifolia (= C. microstrobila) and C. reesii sp. nov. (populations from northern Xilitla, San Luis Potosí, Mexico), and the geographically close species, C. chamberlainii. Scales = 10 cm.

FIGURE 1 in Morphological and anatomical analyses clarify the species definition of Ceratozamia latifolia Miq. (Zamiaceae) and lead to the description of a new species: Ceratozamia reesii

FIGURE 1. Comparison of vegetative traits between the two focal species in this study, Ceratozamia latifolia (= C. microstrobila) (A) and C. reesii sp. nov. (populations from northern Xilitla, San Luis Potosí, Mexico) (B), and two geographically close species, C. chamberlainii (C), and C. fuscoviridis (D).

FIGURE 17 in Morphological and anatomical analyses clarify the species definition of Ceratozamia latifolia Miq. (Zamiaceae) and lead to the description of a new species: Ceratozamia reesii

FIGURE 17. Ceratozamia reesii sp. nov. plant in its usual karstic cliff habitat in El Cañón, Xilitla, SLP.