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198 results for “Character states”
Fig. 55. Character 70, m. semitendinosus binding tendon. State 1 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 55. Character 70, m. semitendinosus binding tendon. State 1, present (aurotaenia, AMNH 161109), photograph (left) and outline drawing (right) showing view of the concealed surface of the knee. The mm. gracilis complex is deflected ventrally to reveal the dorsad ''ranid'' path of the m. semitendinosus and the secondary binding tendon that straps it to the outer edge of the mm. gracilis complex.
Fig. 36. Character 51, discrete pale proximoventral calf spot. State 1 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 36. Character 51, discrete pale proximoventral calf spot. State 1, present (imbricolus, AMNH 102082).
Linked collectors and determiners for: A new species of cave dwelling Neocarus (Acari: Opilioacaridae) from Bahia state, Brazil, with remarks on taxonomic characters.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A new species of cave dwelling Neocarus (Acari: Opilioacaridae) from Bahia state, Brazil, with remarks on taxonomic characters". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/1e92152f-3ecc-46c9-a3ae-173854b56ff6">https://bionomia.net/dataset/1e92152f-3ecc-46c9-a3ae-173854b56ff6</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/1e92152f-3ecc-46c9-a3ae-173854b56ff6">https://gbif.org/dataset/1e92152f-3ecc-46c9-a3ae-173854b56ff6</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 3. Character state maps for four traits. A in Phylogenetic revision of Dennstaedtioideae (Dennstaedtiaceae: Polypodiales) with description of Mucura, gen. nov.
Fig. 3. Character state maps for four traits. A, Spore shape: monolete (blue), trilete (yellow); B, Sorus position: abaxial (blue), marginal (yellow). C, Chromosome base number: 43 or 86 (light blue), 34 (blue), 46 or 47 (light green), 29 (green), 44 (pink), 30 (red), 31 (light orange), 32 (orange), 48 (light purple), 28 (purple), 56 (yellow), 26 (brown), 52 (magenta), 38 (aquamarine); D, Perpispore morphology: prominent ridges (light blue), prominent ridges and verrucae (blue), prominent ridges, verrucae + irregular reticles (light green), verrucae (orange), verrucae and ridges (green), regular reticles (pink), regular reticles + tubercles (red), echinae (purple), baculae (light yellow), ornamented verrucae (brown), rodlets (yellow), tubercles (aquamarine), rugulae (light brown). White circles indicate taxa for which character state data is missing.
Fig. 2. Character state maps for four traits. A in Phylogenetic revision of Dennstaedtioideae (Dennstaedtiaceae: Polypodiales) with description of Mucura, gen. nov.
Fig. 2. Character state maps for four traits. A, Abaxial indusium present (blue) vs. absent (yellow); B, Adaxial indusium present (blue) vs. absent (yellow); C, Epipetiolar buds present (blue) vs. absent (yellow); D, Leaf buds present (blue) vs. absent (yellow). White circles indicate taxa for which character state data is missing.
Fig. 3a-c in New Tools for Phylogenetic reconstruction using character state trees
Fig. 3a-c: A CST with the same structure as the one of fig. 1. The paths to the root of the states D (3a) and G (3b) are accentuated, as well as the elements of the set SDG (fig. 3c, see eq. 1).
Fig. 1 in New Tools for Phylogenetic reconstruction using character state trees
Fig. 1 (from LORENZ 1941): Resulting tree out of a species/characters-matrix of 48 mainly behavioural characters from twenty Anatid species (in fact, this graphic is matrix and tree in one).
Fig. 4a-b in New Tools for Phylogenetic reconstruction using character state trees
Fig. 4a-b: (a) Cladogram for five species (the tips T1 to T5) and the character which is coded in fig. 2b as CST. The inner nodes of the cladogram are hypothetical species. Their character state is reconstructed by the algorithm described in the text. Prominent branches denote an evolutionary step (a change of state). (b) Bifurcation of a cladogram with the character coded in fig. 3.
Fig. 2a-c in New Tools for Phylogenetic reconstruction using character state trees
Fig. 2a-c: The same character state tree with Camin – Sokal (a) and Matrioshka (b) coding, and (c) as a combination of three subcharacters (factors), each one with two states.
Fig. 1 in New Tools for Phylogenetic reconstruction using character state trees
Fig. 1: Evolution of the ovipositor and the ootheca of Dictyoptera (Insecta) as an example of a relatively complex character state tree (based on data of GRIMALDI & ENGEL 2005 and EHRMANN 2002). Each node of the tree corresponds to an observed character state.
Text-fig. 7. Number of required character state changes under parsimony (steps) for various positions of Mugideiriflora portugallica, based on the Doyle and Endress character matrix and backbone tree (Doyle and Endress 2000, 2014). in Multiparted, Apocarpous Flowers From The Early Cretaceous Of Eastern North America And Portugal
Text-fig. 7. Number of required character state changes under parsimony (steps) for various positions of Mugideiriflora portugallica, based on the Doyle and Endress character matrix and backbone tree (Doyle and Endress 2000, 2014).
Text-fig. 8. Number of required character state changes under parsimony (steps) for various positions of Lambertiflora elegans, based on the Doyle and Endress character matrix and backbone tree (Doyle and Endress 2000, 2014). in Multiparted, Apocarpous Flowers From The Early Cretaceous Of Eastern North America And Portugal
Text-fig. 8. Number of required character state changes under parsimony (steps) for various positions of Lambertiflora elegans, based on the Doyle and Endress character matrix and backbone tree (Doyle and Endress 2000, 2014).
Text-fig. 9. Number of required character state changes under parsimony (steps) for various positions of Atlantocarpus virginiensis, based on the Doyle and Endress character matrix and backbone tree (Doyle and Endress 2000, 2014). in Multiparted, Apocarpous Flowers From The Early Cretaceous Of Eastern North America And Portugal
Text-fig. 9. Number of required character state changes under parsimony (steps) for various positions of Atlantocarpus virginiensis, based on the Doyle and Endress character matrix and backbone tree (Doyle and Endress 2000, 2014).
Text-fig. 10. Phylogenetic relationships of Miocene hyaenodonts (for definitions of character states see Table 2). The data matrix was compiled in MacClade 4.05 and run in PAUP 4.0b10 (Macintosh version). We chose Cimolestes magnus CLEMENS et RUSSELL, 1965, (additional data from Lillegraven 1969), as the outgroup. The unordered and unweighted analysis produced 16 trees. a: Majority-rule consensus. b: Strict consensus. Consistency index (CI): 0.5882; Homoplasy index (HI): 0.4118; Retention index (RI): 0.7742. in New Hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) From The Early Miocene Of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) And Grillental (Namibia)
Text-fig. 10. Phylogenetic relationships of Miocene hyaenodonts (for definitions of character states see Table 2). The data matrix was compiled in MacClade 4.05 and run in PAUP 4.0b10 (Macintosh version). We chose Cimolestes magnus CLEMENS et RUSSELL, 1965, (additional data from Lillegraven 1969), as the outgroup. The unordered and unweighted analysis produced 16 trees. a: Majority-rule consensus. b: Strict consensus. Consistency index (CI): 0.5882; Homoplasy index (HI): 0.4118; Retention index (RI): 0.7742.
Figure 8. Mandibular character states. A in Middle Miocene Chalicotheriinae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from France, with a discussion on chalicotheriine phylogeny
Figure 8. Mandibular character states. A, dorsal view of the symphysis of Chalicotherium?goldfussi (MHNT VAL-4); B, dorsal view of the mandible from Titov Veles (modified from Garevski & Zapfe, 1983); C, ventral view of the symphysis of C.?goldfussi (MHNT VAL-4); D, ventral view of the symphysis of the specimen from Titov Veles (modified from Garevski & Zapfe, 1983); E, lingual view of the right hemimandible of Anisodon macedonicus (MNHN SLQ 1054c – cast of the holotype UT DKO 234) (note that UT DKO 234 has a supernumerary lower molar on both sides, but that this does not change the coding of character 30); F, lingual view of the right hemimandible of C.?goldfussi (MHNT VAL-3); G, labial view of the left hemimandible of Moropus elatus (modified from Holland & Peterson, 1914). Not to scale.
Figure 7. Cranial character states. A in Middle Miocene Chalicotheriinae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from France, with a discussion on chalicotheriine phylogeny
Figure 7. Cranial character states. A, ventral view of the skull of Anisodon macedonicus (MNHN SLQ 1054a – cast of the holotype UT DKO 234); B, ventral view of the skull of Chalicotherium brevirostris (cast of AMNH 26518); C, ventral view of the skull of Moropus elatus (modified from Holland & Peterson, 1914); D, right lateral view of the skull of A. macedonicus (MNHN SLQ 1054a – cast of the holotype UT DKO 234); E, right lateral view of CCECM Lgr 1065; F, left lateral view of the skull of C. brevirostris (cast of AMNH 26518) (the drawing is reversed for comparative purposes); G, left lateral view of the skull of M. elatus (modified from Holland & Peterson, 1914) (drawing reversed); H, dorsal view of the skull of A. macedonicus (MNHN SLQ 1054a – cast of the holotype UT DKO 234); I, dorsal view of the skull of M. elatus (modified from Holland & Peterson, 1914); J, occipital view of the skull of A. macedonicus (MNHN SLQ 1054a – cast of the holotype UT DKO 234); K, occipital view of CCECM Lgr 1065. Not to scale.
Figure 9. Dental character states. A, M2–M3 in Middle Miocene Chalicotheriinae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from France, with a discussion on chalicotheriine phylogeny
Figure 9. Dental character states. A, M2–M3 of Anisodon grande (lectotype MNHN Sa 9339) (drawing reversed); B, P2–M3 of Moropus elatus (modified from Holland & Peterson, 1914); C, P3–M3 of Anisodon macedonicus (MNHN SLQ 1054a – cast of the holotype UT DKO 234); D, P3–M3 of Chalicotherium?goldfussi (left maxilla, MHNT VAL-1); E, M –M of Chalico1 3 therium?goldfussi (right hemimandible, MHNT VAL-3) (drawing reversed); F, M2–M3 of A. grande (left hemimandible, MNHN Sa 9341). Not to scale.
Figure 5. Dental character states. A in The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis
Figure 5. Dental character states. A, upper canine cross section (from left to right: in Anthracokeryx ulnifer, in Hippopotamus amphibius, in Hexaprotodon bruneti, in Hex. harvardi). B, outline of the P1/alveolus (bottom: in Hex. protamphibius, top: in Hex. sivalensis). C, occlusal view of the P3/ (left: in Hex. bruneti, right: in Hex. protamphibius). D, occlusal view of the P4/ (left: in Hex. harvardi, right: both in Hex. protamphibius). E, occlusal view of the P/4 (left: in Hex. mingoz, right: in Hex. aethiopicus).
Figure 4. Mandibular character states. A in The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis
Figure 4. Mandibular character states. A, dorsal view of Hexaprotodon aff. sahabiensis mandible. B, dorsal view of Hippopotamus amphibius mandible. C, dorsal view of Hex. karumensis mandible. D, sagittal cross section (at the I/1-I/1 diastema) of the symphysis (bottom: in Hex. sivalensis, top: in Hip. amphibius); E, three schematic anterior views of the symphysis (from left to right: in Hex. mingoz, in some Hex. protamphibius, in Hex. bruneti). F, three schematic lateral views of the vertical ramus (from bottom to top: in Hip. amphibius, in Hex. sivalensis, in Anthracokeryx ulnifer).
Figure 2. Cranial character states. A in The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis
Figure 2. Cranial character states. A, ventral view of a Hippopotamus amphibius skull. B, ventral view of a Hexaprotodon liberiensis skull. C, Schematic view of Hex. harvardi tympanic bulla area. D, Schematic view of A. ulnifer glenoid articular area. E, Three dorsal views of different bone contacts in the lachrymal area (from bottom to top: in Hex. harvardi, in Hex. protamphibius, in Hip. amphibius). A1 and A2 are Hex. liberiensis autapomorphies (see text).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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