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Fig. 3 in Status, distribution and conservation of Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus (Aves, Charadriiformes) in Sicily

Fig. 3 - Qualitative-quantitative distribution of Kentish plover breeding pairs along the Sicilian coast. Maximum concentrations of pairs were in the areas of "Saline di Trapani e Marsala", "Capo Feto" and along the sandy coast of the Gulf of Gela. / Distribuzione quali-quantitativa delle coppie nidificanti di fratino lungo la costa siciliana. Le massime concentrazioni di coppie si sono registrate nelle aree di "Saline di Trapani e Marsala", "Capo Feto" e lungo la costa sabbiosa del Golfo di Gela.

Fig. 6 in Status, distribution and conservation of Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus (Aves, Charadriiformes) in Sicily

Fig. 6 - The beach of "Capo Feto", one of the most important breeding and wintering sites for the Kentish plover in Sicily. / La spiaggia di "Capo Feto", uno dei più importanti siti di riproduzione e svernamento del fratino in Sicilia (Photo / Foto: A. Barbera).

Fig. 13 in Status, distribution and conservation of Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus (Aves, Charadriiformes) in Sicily

Fig. 13 - The coastline of Siculiana Marina, Agrigento. / La costa di Siculiana Marina, Agrigento. (Photo / Foto: R. Ientile).

Fig. 14 in Status, distribution and conservation of Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus (Aves, Charadriiformes) in Sicily

Fig. 14 - Preference of nesting habitat in the 8 Sicilian provinces based on 193 confirmed nests records. / Ambienti di nidificazione preferenziali nelle 8 province siciliane sulla base di 193 record di nidificazione confermati.

Fig. 10 in Status, distribution and conservation of Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus (Aves, Charadriiformes) in Sicily

Fig. 10 - Massolivieri, Syracuse: the rocky coast of Penisola Maddalena, a breeding and wintering site used by the Kentish plover. / Massolivieri, Siracusa: la costa rocciosa di Penisola Maddalena, sito di riproduzione e svernamento utilizzato dal fratino (Photo / Foto: R. Ientile).

Fig. 9 in Status, distribution and conservation of Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus (Aves, Charadriiformes) in Sicily

Fig. 9 - Typical view of the sandy shore of the Gulf of Catania, with Mount Etna in the background. / Veduta tipica del litorale sabbioso del Golfo di Catania, con l'Etna sullo sfondo (Photo / Foto: D. Grimaldi).

Fig. 15 in Status, distribution and conservation of Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus (Aves, Charadriiformes) in Sicily

Fig. 15 - Main causes of reproductive failure on 29 observed cases. / Principali cause di fallimento riproduttivo su 29 casi osservati.

Fig. 7 in Status, distribution and conservation of Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus (Aves, Charadriiformes) in Sicily

Fig. 7 - Termini Imerese: artificial habitat used by Kentish plover for breeding. / Termini Imerese: habitat artificiale usato dal fratino per la riproduzione (Photo / Foto: G. Spinella).

Fig. 16 in O guardião dos campos: um estudo sobre o comportamento do quero-quero Vanellus chilensis (Aves: Charadriiformes) no sul do Brasil

Fig. 16. Variação na duração de cada categoria comportamental de Vanellus chilensis ao longo do ano. a) Alimentação; b) Locomoção; c) Manutenção; d) Social-Agonísta; e) VocaliZações; f) Reprodução. Área em destaque representa a estação não-reprodutiva da ave, as barras representam o intervalo entre o primeiro quartil e o terceiro quartil, enquanto as linhas representam os valores máximo e mínimo.

Figs 5-8 in O guardião dos campos: um estudo sobre o comportamento do quero-quero Vanellus chilensis (Aves: Charadriiformes) no sul do Brasil

Figs 5-8. Alguns comportamentos observados em Vanellus chilensis relacionados à categoria de Manutenção: 5, posição neutra; 6, higieniZação das penas (apontado pela seta); 7, posição de descanso (apontada pela seta) e posição neutra (apontada pela cabeça de seta); 8, posição de termorregulação. Foto: HCD.

Figs 1-4 in O guardião dos campos: um estudo sobre o comportamento do quero-quero Vanellus chilensis (Aves: Charadriiformes) no sul do Brasil

Figs 1-4. Alguns comportamentos observados em Vanellus chilensis para as categorias Locomoção e Alimentação: 1, comer; 2, beber; 3, correr; 4, andar furtivo. Imagens: HCD.

Fig. 15 in O guardião dos campos: um estudo sobre o comportamento do quero-quero Vanellus chilensis (Aves: Charadriiformes) no sul do Brasil

Fig. 15. Frequência relativa das categorias comportamentais de Vanellus chilensis ao longo do ano. Área em destaque representa a estação não-reprodutiva do animal (REP, Reprodução; VOC, VocaliZação; SOC, Social-agonísta; MAN, Manutenção; LOC, Locomoção; ALI, Alimentação).

Figs. 9-14 in O guardião dos campos: um estudo sobre o comportamento do quero-quero Vanellus chilensis (Aves: Charadriiformes) no sul do Brasil

Figs. 9-14. Alguns comportamentos observados em Vanellus chilensis na categoria Social-Agonísta: 9, posição de alerta; 10, Posição de fuga ou distração; 11, Posição de ameaça II ou ameaça frontal; 12, Posição de agachamento; 13, Ataque aéreo; 14, Posição de ameaça I ou preparação. Foto: HCD.

FIG. 7 in Adaptation of seedsnipes (Aves, Charadriiformes, Thinocoridae) to browsing: a study of their feeding apparatus

FIG. 7. — Hyoid apparatus and buccal cavity of seedsnipes (here Thinocorus Eschscholtz,1829):A, lateral view of the hyoid apparatus displaced downward relative to the mandible; B, rostral part of the hyolingual apparatus; C, buccal cavity, the floor on the left, the roof on the right, a plant item present in the buccal cavity of the dissected specimen has been left in its place. Abbreviations: see text.

FIG. 5 in Adaptation of seedsnipes (Aves, Charadriiformes, Thinocoridae) to browsing: a study of their feeding apparatus

FIG. 5. — Lateral views of the successive planes of the dissection of the dorsal adductors in Thinocorus Eschscholtz, 1829: A-D, deep portion of the external adductor; E, m. pseudotemporalis profundus, posterior adductor and protractors; a, b, transversal sections of the orbito-zygomatic process; e, aponeuroses of m. pseudotemporalis profundus. Abbreviations: see text.

FIG. 4 in Adaptation of seedsnipes (Aves, Charadriiformes, Thinocoridae) to browsing: a study of their feeding apparatus

FIG. 4. — Cranial musculature of Attagis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831, successive planes of the dissection: A, general view; B, lateral view through the orbit; b, internal aponeuroses of m. pseudotemporalis superficialis; C-E, lateral views of portions of the external adductor. Abbreviations: see text.

FIG. 1 in Adaptation of seedsnipes (Aves, Charadriiformes, Thinocoridae) to browsing: a study of their feeding apparatus

FIG. 1. — Particularities of seedsnipe's skull: A, Thinocorus orbignyianus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831; B, Attagis gayi Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831; C-E, Thinocorus Eschscholtz, 1829; C, ventral view of the mandible and palate; D, surface of the mandibular joint with location of the contact area of the lateral and caudal condyles of the quadrate; E, caudal view of the mandibular joint. Abbreviations: see text.

FIG. 9. — A in Adaptation of seedsnipes (Aves, Charadriiformes, Thinocoridae) to browsing: a study of their feeding apparatus

FIG. 9. — A, static graphical analysis of the equilibrium of forces when a food item is clamped in the bill (for more details see Dzerzhinsky 1972; Korzun et al. 2003, 2004a, b); adductors exert force A from the mandible towards the cranium and force A', superimposed, opposite and equal to A (for the clarity of the figure, A has not been represented on its point of application but directly placed at j along its axis of action); force A is decomposed into F (mandibular clamping force applied along the axis going through the clamping points of the item in the bill) and K (force of the quadrate applied on the quadrato-mandibular joint q); force K is itself decomposed into M (pressure force of the quadrate on the cranium along the axis q-x) and R (retraction force of the upper jaw along the axis of the jugal bar); in turn R is decomposed into F' (clamping force of the item by the upper jaw, opposed and equal to F) and N (pressure force of the upper jaw on the cranium at the level of the prokinetic hinge b); at the equilibrium, forces M, N and A (so A') are applied to point z where they cancel each other; a, meeting point of the three axes of 1) clamping, 2) action on the cranium via the prokinetic joint, and 3) retraction of the upper jaw along the jugal bar; j, meeting point of the axes of 1) clamping, 2) action of the adductors, and 3) action on the cranium through the mandibular joint; x, joint of the quadrate on the neurocranium; c = meeting point of the jugal bar and the maxilla.

FIG. 6. — A-D in Adaptation of seedsnipes (Aves, Charadriiformes, Thinocoridae) to browsing: a study of their feeding apparatus

FIG. 6. — A-D, ventral views of the successive planes of the dissection of m. pterygoideus in Thinocorus Eschscholtz, 1829. Abbreviations: see text.

FIG. 3 in Adaptation of seedsnipes (Aves, Charadriiformes, Thinocoridae) to browsing: a study of their feeding apparatus

FIG. 3. — Schema of the arrangement of the internal aponeuroses of external adductor in Thinocorus Eschscholtz, 1829 (A) and Attagis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831 (B). Abbreviations: see text.