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516 results for “Chloride”
Figure 3 in Effects of temperature on mortality of quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) exposed to potassium chloride and copper-based molluscicides in high conductivity waters
Figure 3. Comparison of measured mortality for adult mussels exposed to copper at 10 °C and copper concentrations over time for Experiment 1b (A), which had 50% less biomass and lower mean specific conductivity than Experiment 4 (C) with log-logistic dose-response model fits. Colored bands are 95% confidence intervals and points are mortality values from replicate bioboxes. Measured copper concentrations in bioboxes for B) Experiment 1b and D) Experiment 4. Solid horizontal lines are target concentrations, dashed horizontal lines are mean concentration over the entire experiment duration.
Figure 2 in Effects of temperature on mortality of quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) exposed to potassium chloride and copper-based molluscicides in high conductivity waters
Figure 2. Measured mortality for adult mussels exposed to KCl at A) 10 °C, B) 18 °C, and C) 22 °C with log-logistic doseresponse model fits. Colored bands are 95% confidence intervals and points are mortality values from replicate bioboxes.
Figure 1 in Effects of temperature on mortality of quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) exposed to potassium chloride and copper-based molluscicides in high conductivity waters
Figure 1. Variation in specific conductivity in A) Lake Piru and B) control bioboxes within experimental periods. Specific conductivity from moderate conductivity Lake Ontario and Minnesota lakes (≈ 300 µS/cm; Moffitt et al. 2016; Luoma et al. 2018) is provided for reference.
Figure 5 in Effects of temperature on mortality of quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) exposed to potassium chloride and copper-based molluscicides in high conductivity waters
Figure 5. Comparison of measured mortality for adult mussels exposed to copper at 10 °C and copper concentrations over time for Experiment 1a (A), which received only a single dose of copper and Experiment 1b, which included refreshed copper treatments (C) with log-logistic dose-response model fits. Colored bands are 95% confidence intervals and points are mortality values from replicate bioboxes. Measured copper concentrations in bioboxes for B) Experiment 1a (without refresh) and D) Experiment 1b (with refresh). Solid horizontal lines are target concentrations, dashed horizontal lines are mean concentration over the entire experiment duration.
Figure 4 in Effects of temperature on mortality of quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) exposed to potassium chloride and copper-based molluscicides in high conductivity waters
Figure 4. Measured mortality for adult mussels exposed to copper (Earthtec QZ®) at A) 10 °C, C) 18 °C, and E) 22 °C with loglogistic dose-response model fits. Colored bands are 95% confidence intervals and points are mortality values from replicate bioboxes. Measured copper concentrations in bioboxes at B) 10 °C, D) 18 °C, and F) 22 °C. Solid horizontal lines are target concentrations, dashed horizontal lines are mean concentration over the entire experiment duration.
Dataset: Towards a two-step assessment of the chloride ingress behaviour of new cementitious binders
<p>Data and results to accompany the publication:</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Towards a two-step assessment of the chloride ingress behaviour of new cementitious binders</strong></p> <p><strong>William Wilson<sup>a,b,</sup><sup>⁎</sup>, Fabien Georget<sup>a,c</sup>, Karen L. Scrivener<sup>a</sup></strong></p> <p><strong>Cement and Concrete Research, Volume 184, July 2024, 107594</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><sup>a</sup>Laboratory of Construction Materials, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland</p> <p><sup>b</sup>Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada</p> <p><sup>c</sup>Institute of Building Materials Research, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany</p> <p> </p> <p>*Corresponding author: william.wilson@usherbrooke.ca</p>
Text-fig. 3. Coeloma vigil A. MILNE-EDWARDS. Nearly complete specimens from several different layers. A – layer 15; B – layer 11; C – layer 16. All specimens are deposited at KGP MH. Key: ch=chelipeds; es=eye stalks; p=pereiopods. Scale bar 10 mm. Specimens were covered with ammonium chloride prior to photography. in The Priabonian Bryozoan-Decapod Association From The Borové Formation (The Ďurkovec Quarry, Ne Slovakia) And Its Palaeoecological Implications
Text-fig. 3. Coeloma vigil A. MILNE-EDWARDS. Nearly complete specimens from several different layers. A – layer 15; B – layer 11; C – layer 16. All specimens are deposited at KGP MH. Key: ch=chelipeds; es=eye stalks; p=pereiopods. Scale bar 10 mm. Specimens were covered with ammonium chloride prior to photography.
Text-fig. 2. Condylopyge cf. rex (BARRANDE, 1846), middle Cambrian, latest Cambrian Stage 5 and lower Drumian, Jince Formation, Příbram-Jince Basin. a. internal mould of isolated cephalon (Specimen CGS CW 17), Potůček near Rejkovice locality (= locality 12 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone. b. latex cast of external mould of isolated pygidium (Specimen CGS FK 63), Potůček near Rejkovice locality (= locality 12 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone. c. internal mould of isolated cephalon (Specimen CGS CW 18), foot of the slope known as Vinice near Jince (locality 20 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Onymagnostus hybridus Zone. Condylopyge rex (BARRANDE, 1846), middle Cambrian, lower Drumian, Buchava Formation, Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone, Skryje-Týřovice Basin. d. internal mould of isolated cephalon (NM-L43011a), Karáskovská rokle - nad chatami. e. internal mould of isolated pygidium (NM-L43014), Lůmek u Týřovic. f. internal mould of isolated cephalon (NM-L43013), Lůmek u Týřovic. Whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. All scale bars are 1 mm. Photographs by Martin Valent (National Museum Prague). in Condylopyge Hawle Et Corda, 1847 In The Příbram-Jince Basin (Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic, Agnostida)
Text-fig. 2. Condylopyge cf. rex (BARRANDE, 1846), middle Cambrian, latest Cambrian Stage 5 and lower Drumian, Jince Formation, Příbram-Jince Basin. a. internal mould of isolated cephalon (Specimen CGS CW 17), Potůček near Rejkovice locality (= locality 12 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone. b. latex cast of external mould of isolated pygidium (Specimen CGS FK 63), Potůček near Rejkovice locality (= locality 12 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone. c. internal mould of isolated cephalon (Specimen CGS CW 18), foot of the slope known as Vinice near Jince (locality 20 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Onymagnostus hybridus Zone. Condylopyge rex (BARRANDE, 1846), middle Cambrian, lower Drumian, Buchava Formation, Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone, Skryje-Týřovice Basin. d. internal mould of isolated cephalon (NM-L43011a), Karáskovská rokle - nad chatami. e. internal mould of isolated pygidium (NM-L43014), Lůmek u Týřovic. f. internal mould of isolated cephalon (NM-L43013), Lůmek u Týřovic. Whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. All scale bars are 1 mm. Photographs by Martin Valent (National Museum Prague).
Research Data for the Journal Article: Metal-free catalytic systems based on imidazolium chloride and strong bases for selective oxidative esterification of furfural to methyl furoate
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Data set: The Effect of Chlorides on the Performance of DME / Mg[B(hfip)4]2 Solutions for Rechargeable Mg Batteries
<p>Dataset of the continuum simulations generated and used within the paper "<span>The Effect of Chlorides on the Performance of DME / Mg[B(hfip)</span><span>4</span><span>]</span><span>2 </span><span>Solutions for Rechargeable Mg Batteries</span>", published in <span>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</span> (<span>2023</span><span>, </span><span>170 (9)</span><span>, 090542</span>, DOI: <span>10.1149/1945-7111/acf960</span>).</p> <p><span>One of the major issues in developing electrolyte solutions for rechargeable magnesium batteries is understanding the positive effect of chloride anions on Mg deposition-dissolution processes on the anode side, as well as intercalation-deintercalation of Mg</span><span>2+ </span><span>ions on the cathode side. Our previous results suggested that Cl</span><span>– </span><span>ions are adsorbed on the surface of Mg anodes and Chevrel phase Mg</span><span>x</span><span>Mo</span><span>6</span><span>S</span><span>8 </span><span>cathodes. This creates a surface add-layer that reduces the activation energy for the interfacial Mg ions transportation and related charge transfer, as well as promotes the transport of Mg</span><span>2+ </span><span>from the solution phase to the Mg anode surface and into the cathodes’ host materials. Here, this work further examines the effect of adding chlorides to the state-of-the-art Mg[B(hfip)</span><span>4</span><span>]</span><span>2 </span><span>/ DME electrolyte solution, specifically focusing on reversible magnesium deposition, as well as the performance of Mg cells with benchmark Chevrel phase cathodes. It was observed that the presence of chlorides in these solutions facilitates both Mg deposition, and Mg</span><span>2+ </span><span>ions intercalation, whereby this effect is more pronounced as the purity levels of the solution is lowered.</span> </p>
Data and scripts belonging to "Time lags of nitrate, chloride, and tritium in streams assessed by dynamic groundwater flow tracking in a lowland landscape"
<p>Data and scripts belonging to Kaandorp et al., 2021 "Time lags of nitrate, chloride, and tritium in streams assessed by dynamic groundwater flow tracking in a lowland landscape". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. </p>
Text-fig. 7. p4 of U. deningeri from Šandalja I compared with other bear species. a: Šandalja I (specimen H; 1 – occlusal, 2 – lingual view), b: U. etruscus, Casa Frata (private collection), c: U. etruscus, Olivola (IGF 4605), d: U. deningeri, C 718 cave (NM-Rv 20003), e: U. t. mediterraneus, Azykh cave (ZIN 32549) (all in occlussal view). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; d reversed. in Šandalja I (Croatia) And
Text-fig. 7. p4 of U. deningeri from Šandalja I compared with other bear species. a: Šandalja I (specimen H; 1 – occlusal, 2 – lingual view), b: U. etruscus, Casa Frata (private collection), c: U. etruscus, Olivola (IGF 4605), d: U. deningeri, C 718 cave (NM-Rv 20003), e: U. t. mediterraneus, Azykh cave (ZIN 32549) (all in occlussal view). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; d reversed.
Text-fig. 6. m2 of U. deningeri from Šandalja I (a: specimen G; 1– occlusal, 2 – lingual view) compared with Late Biharian U. deningeri from C 718 cave (b: NM-R 9740, c: NM-Ra 129; both occlusal view). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; a reversed. in Šandalja I (Croatia) And
Text-fig. 6. m2 of U. deningeri from Šandalja I (a: specimen G; 1– occlusal, 2 – lingual view) compared with Late Biharian U. deningeri from C 718 cave (b: NM-R 9740, c: NM-Ra 129; both occlusal view). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; a reversed.
Text-fig. 4. m1 of U. t. mediterraneus from Šandalja I compared with other bear species. All teeth in occlusal view. a: Šandalja I (specimen C), b: U. t. mediterraneus, Mauer (SMNS 10166), c: U. t. mediterraneus, Azykh (ZIN 32549), d: U. etruscus, Olivola (IGF 4605), e: U. etruscus, Upper Valdarno (IGF 913), f: U. deningeri, Koněprusy caves (NM-Rv 20008). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; a, d, f reversed. in Šandalja I (Croatia) And
Text-fig. 4. m1 of U. t. mediterraneus from Šandalja I compared with other bear species. All teeth in occlusal view. a: Šandalja I (specimen C), b: U. t. mediterraneus, Mauer (SMNS 10166), c: U. t. mediterraneus, Azykh (ZIN 32549), d: U. etruscus, Olivola (IGF 4605), e: U. etruscus, Upper Valdarno (IGF 913), f: U. deningeri, Koněprusy caves (NM-Rv 20008). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; a, d, f reversed.
Text-fig. 3. m2 and m3 of U. t. mediterraneus from Šandalja I compared with other bear species. a–e: m2, f–g: m3. a: Šandalja I (specimen A; 1 – occlusal, 2 – lingual, 3 – buccal view), b: Šandalja I (specimen B; occlusal view), c: U. t. mediterraneus, Grotta di Reale (IGF 4807V; 1 – occlusal, 2 – lingual view), d: U. etruscus, Olivola (IGF 4605; occlusal view), e: U. etruscus, Upper Valdarno (IGF 908; occlusal view), f: Šandalja I (specimen B; occlusal view), g: U. etruscus, Olivola (IGF 4588; occlusal view). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; a, b, e, f, g reversed. in Šandalja I (Croatia) And
Text-fig. 3. m2 and m3 of U. t. mediterraneus from Šandalja I compared with other bear species. a–e: m2, f–g: m3. a: Šandalja I (specimen A; 1 – occlusal, 2 – lingual, 3 – buccal view), b: Šandalja I (specimen B; occlusal view), c: U. t. mediterraneus, Grotta di Reale (IGF 4807V; 1 – occlusal, 2 – lingual view), d: U. etruscus, Olivola (IGF 4605; occlusal view), e: U. etruscus, Upper Valdarno (IGF 908; occlusal view), f: Šandalja I (specimen B; occlusal view), g: U. etruscus, Olivola (IGF 4588; occlusal view). Specimens coated by ammonium chloride; a, b, e, f, g reversed.
Model for Calibrating a Model to Thirty Years of Data to Capture the Accumulation of Chloride from Winter Deicers in a Shallow Aquifer
<p>We created a ten layer model to simulate the flow and transport of chloride in Will County’s shallow aquifer with Groundwater Vistas software. This model is transient with yearly stress periods starting in 1950 and ending in 2020.</p> <p>The groundwater flow model was developed using the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) finite difference code MODFLOW-NWT (McDonald and Harbaugh 1988; Niswonger et al., 2011) within the graphical user interface Groundwater Vistas 7.24 (Rumbaugh and Rumbaugh, 2020). We simulated chloride transport with the MODFLOW post-processing package MT3D-USGS (Bedekar et al., 2016).</p> <p>See Methods Section of 'Calibrating a Model to Thirty Years of Data to Capture the Accumulation of Chloride from Winter Deicers in a Shallow Aquifer'</p> <p>With questions email Cecilia Cullen (ccullen3@illinois,edu) or Daniel Abrams (dbabrams@illinois.edu) </p>
Design and optimization of a Chloride Molten Salt Fast Reactor - dataset
<p>Dataset used for the figures presented in the paper "Design and optimization of a Chloride Molten Salt Fast Reactor" for the ICAPP2023 conference</p>
A Spectroscopic Study of Mars-Analog Materials with Amorphous Sulfate and Chloride Phases: Implications for Detecting Amorphous Materials on the Martian Surface
<p>This repository contains the raw and baseline or continuum corrected data associated with the manuscript entitled:</p> <p> A Spectroscopic Study of Mars-Analog Materials with Amorphous Sulfate and Chloride Phases: Implications for Detecting Amorphous Materials on the Martian Surface</p> <p>This work is being submitted to The Planetary Science Journal</p> <p>ABSTRACT</p> <p>The Chemistry and Mineralogy X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument aboard the Curiosity rover has consistently identified substantial amorphous material at Gale Crater. The amorphous component is compositionally variable, but often includes elevated sulfur and iron, suggesting that amorphous ferric sulfate (AFS) may be present. Understanding the spectral changes of common Martian materials exposed to ferric sulfate brines as they desiccate to AFS is a key step in bridging the gap between simple mixing studies and analyses of complex/realistic reaction assemblages. Visible and near-infrared reflectance (VNIR), mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance (MIR, FTIR-ATR), and Raman spectra, along with XRD data are presented for basaltic glass, hematite, gypsum, nontronite, and magnesite, each at three grain sizes (<25, 25-63, and 63-180 μm), mixed with ferric sulfate alone or also with NaCl, hydrated through deliquescence, and then rapidly desiccated in 11% relative humidity or via vacuum. All desiccated products are partially or completely XRD amorphous; crystalline phases include starting materials and trace precipitates, leaving the bulk of the ferric sulfate in the amorphous fraction. Due to considerable spectral masking, the detectability of AFS is highly dependent on spectroscopic technique and the observed mineral assemblage. This has strong implications for remote and in-situ observations of Martian samples which include an amorphous component. AFS is only identifiable in VNIR spectra for magnesite, nontronite, and gypsum samples; hematite and basaltic glass samples appear similar to pure materials. Sulfate features dominate Raman spectra for nontronite and basaltic glass samples; the analog material dominates Raman spectra of hematite and gypsum samples. MIR spectra reveal all end members most clearly except for basaltic glass samples, where the analog material is almost completely masked. NaCl leads to similar FTIR-ATR and Raman features, regardless of analog material.</p> <p>Associated photographs of samples in this project can be found at:</p> <p>https://www.lionsandlamms.com/</p> <p>This research was supported by NSF award #1819209.</p>
Differential selection for survival and for growth in adaptive laboratory evolution experiments with benzalkonium chloride
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Data from: Dynamic changes in chloride homeostasis coordinate midbrain inhibitory network activity during reward learning
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