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138 results for “Chromosome structure”
Data from: Divergent population structure and climate associations of a chromosomal inversion polymorphism across the Mimulus guttatus species complex
Chromosomal rearrangement polymorphisms are common and increasingly found to be associated with adaptive ecological divergence and speciation. Rearrangements, such as inversions, reduce recombination in heterozygous individuals and thus can protect favorable allelic combinations at linked loci, facilitating their spread in the presence of gene flow. Recently, we identified a chromosomal inversion polymorphism that contributes to ecological adaptation and reproductive isolation between annual and perennial ecotypes of the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus. Here we evaluate the population genetic structure of this inverted region in comparison with the collinear regions of the genome across the M. guttatus species complex. We tested whether annual and perennial M. guttatus exhibit different patterns of divergence for loci in the inverted and noninverted regions of the genome. We then evaluated whether there are contrasting climate associations with these genomic regions through redundancy analysis. We found that the inversion exhibits broadly different patterns of divergence among annual and perennial M. guttatus and is associated with environmental variation across population accessions. This study is the first widespread population genetic survey of the diversity of the M. guttatus species complex. Our findings contribute to a greater understanding of morphological, ecological, and genetic evolutionary divergence across this highly diverse group of closely related ecotypes and species. Finally, understanding species relationships among M. guttatus sp. has hitherto been stymied by accumulated evidence of substantial gene flow among populations as well as designated species. Nevertheless, our results shed light on these relationships and provide insight into adaptation in life history traits within the complex.
Data from: Analysis of the karyotype structure in Ricolla quadrispinosa (Linneus, 1767): inferences about the chromosomal evolution of the tribes of Harpactorinae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae)
The subfamily Harpactorinae is composed of six tribes. Phylogenetic studies bring together some of Harpactorinae tribes, but by and large the data on evolutionary relationships of the subfamily are scarce. Chromosome studies are of great importance for understanding the systematics of different groups of insects. For Harpactorinae, these studies are restricted to some subfamilies and involved only conventional chromosome analysis. This work analyzed cytogenetically Ricolla quadrispinosa (Linneus, 1767). The chromosome number was determined as 2n = 24 + X1X2Y in males. In metaphase II the autosomal chromosomes were organized in a ring with the pseudo-trivalent of sex chromosomes in its center. After C-banding followed by staining with DAPI, AT-rich blocks in autosomes were observed and the negatively heteropycnotic sex chromosomes. The data obtained, together with existing data for other species of the group, indicated that different chromosomal rearrangements are involved in the evolution of the species. In addition, a proposal of karyotype evolution for the subfamily, based on existing phylogenetic studies for the group is presented.
Data for: Sequence and structural diversity of mouse Y chromosomes
<p>SNV and small indel variant calls in VCF format; sample manifest as Excel spreadsheet.</p>
The de novo assembly of a European wild boar genome revealed unique patterns of chromosomal structural variations and segmental duplications
<div> <div> <p><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.13181">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/age.13181</a></p> <h1>The de novo assembly of a European wild boar genome revealed unique patterns of chromosomal structural variations and segmental duplications</h1> <div> </div> <div> <div> <div> <div><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Chen/Jianhai">Jianhai Chen</a>, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Zhong/Jie">Jie Zhong</a>, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/He/Xuefei">Xuefei He</a>, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Li/Xiaoyu">Xiaoyu Li</a>, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Ni/Pan">Pan Ni</a>, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Safner/Toni">Toni Safner</a>, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/%C5%A0prem/Nikica">Nikica Šprem</a>, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/authored-by/Han/Jianlin">Jianlin Han</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <p>The rapid progress of sequencing technology has greatly facilitated the de novo genome assembly of pig breeds. However, the assembly of the wild boar genome is still lacking, hampering our understanding of chromosomal and genomic evolution during domestication from wild boars into domestic pigs. Here, we sequenced and de novo assembled a European wild boar genome (ASM2165605v1) using the long-range information provided by 10× Linked-Reads sequencing. We achieved a high-quality assembly with contig N50 of 26.09 Mb. Additionally, 1.64% of the contigs (222) with lengths from 107.65 kb to 75.36 Mb covered 90.3% of the total genome size of ASM2165605v1 (~2.5 Gb). Mapping analysis revealed that the contigs can fill 24.73% (93/376) of the gaps present in the orthologous regions of the updated pig reference genome (Sscrofa11.1). We further improved the contigs into chromosome level with a reference-assistant scaffolding method. Using the ‘assembly-to-assembly’ approach, we identified intra-chromosomal large structural variations (SVs, length >1 kb) between ASM2165605v1 and Sscrofa11.1 assemblies. Interestingly, we found that the number of SV events on the X chromosome deviated significantly from the linear models fitting autosomes (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> > 0.64, <em>p</em> < 0.001). Specifically, deletions and insertions were deficient on the X chromosome by 66.14 and 58.41% respectively, whereas duplications and inversions were excessive on the X chromosome by 71.96 and 107.61% respectively. We further used the large segmental duplications (SDs, >1 kb) events as a proxy to understand the large-scale inter-chromosomal evolution, by resolving parental-derived relationships for SD pairs. We revealed a significant excess of SD movements from the X chromosome to autosomes (<em>p</em> < 0.001), consistent with the expectation of meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. Enrichment analyses indicated that the genes within derived SD copies on autosomes were significantly related to biological processes involving nervous system, lipid biosynthesis and sperm motility (<em>p</em> < 0.01). Together, our analyses of the de novo assembly of ASM2165605v1 provides insight into the SVs between European wild boar and domestic pig, in addition to the ongoing process of meiotic sex chromosome inactivation in driving inter-chromosomal interaction between the sex chromosome and autosomes.</p> </div> </div> <div>The work has been pulished here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/age.13181</div> <div> </div> <div>The current dataset include the genome annotation files.</div> <div> </div> <div>For the whole-genomic assembly, please check NCBI: </div> <div>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/genome/GCA_021656055.1/</div> <div> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th> </th> <th>GenBank</th> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td>Genome size</td> <td>2.5 Gb</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Total ungapped length</td> <td>2.4 Gb</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Number of scaffolds</td> <td>12,642</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Scaffold N50</td> <td>28.3 Mb</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Scaffold L50</td> <td>25</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Number of contigs</td> <td>41,323</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Contig N50</td> <td>157.9 kb</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Contig L50</td> <td>4,562</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GC percent</td> <td>42</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Genome coverage</td> <td>56.0x</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Assembly level</td> <td>Scaffold</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <h2>Assembly methods</h2> <div>Sequencing technology 10xgenomics Assembly method Supernova v. 2.1.1 <p> </p> <p>part_** are genome fasta for the GCA_021656055.1</p> <p>You could use the following to combine and uncompress.</p> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div><code><span>cat</span> part_* > archive_combined.zip </code></div> </div> <div> <div> </div> <div><code>unzip archive_combined.zip</code></div> </div> </div> <div> </div> <div> </div>
Data: Environmentally associated chromosomal structural variation influences fine-scale population structure of Atlantic Salmon
<p>Chromosomal rearrangements (e.g., inversions, fusions, and translocations) have long been associated with environmental variation in wild populations. New genomic tools provide the opportunity to examine the role of these structural variants in shaping adaptive differences within and among wild populations of non-model organisms. In Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), variations in chromosomal rearrangements exist across the species natural range, yet the role and importance of these structural variants in maintaining adaptive differences among wild populations remains poorly understood. We genotyped Atlantic Salmon (n = 1429) from 26 populations within a highly genetically structured region of southern Newfoundland, Canada with a 220K SNP array. Multivariate analysis, across two independent years, consistently identified variation in a structural variant (translocation between chromosomes Ssa01 and Ssa23), previously associated with evidence of trans-Atlantic secondary contact, as the dominant factor influencing population structure in the region. Redundancy analysis suggested that variation in the Ssa01/Ssa23 chromosomal translocation is strongly correlated with temperature. Our analyses suggest environmentally mediated selection acting on standing genetic variation in genomic architecture introduced through secondary contact may underpin fine-scale local adaptation in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, Canada, a large and deep embayment, highlighting the importance of chromosomal structural variation as a driver of contemporary adaptive divergence.</p>
3D chromatin structures associated with ncRNA roX2 for hyperactivation and co-activation across the entire X chromosome
<p>The SMLM datasets of roX2 and roX2/H3K27me3.</p>
Data from: Chromosome-scale reference genome and RAD-based genetic map of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) reveal putative structural variation and QTLs associated with invader traits
<p>The data directory here includes all of the data and scripts necessary to recreate the results and plots for the manuscript titled "Chromosome-scale reference genome and RAD-based genetic map of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) reveal putative structural variation and QTLs associated with invader traits". These data include a genetic map, QTL analysis, paleolog analysis, gene synteny analysis, and assembly validation for yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis).</p>
Data from: Analysis of the karyotype structure in Ricolla quadrispinosa (Linneus, 1767): inferences about the chromosomal evolution of the tribes of Harpactorinae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae)
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Data: Environmentally associated chromosomal structural variation influences fine-scale population structure of Atlantic Salmon
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Data from: Divergent population structure and climate associations of a chromosomal inversion polymorphism across the Mimulus guttatus species complex
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Data from: Y chromosome sequences reveal a short Beringian Standstill, rapid expansion, and early population structure of Native American founders
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Data from: Linkage disequilibrium network analysis (LDna) gives a global view of chromosomal inversions, local adaptation and geographic structure
Recent advances in sequencing allow population-genomic data to be generated for virtually any species. However, approaches to analyse such data lag behind the ability to generate it, particularly in nonmodel species. Linkage disequilibrium (LD, the nonrandom association of alleles from different loci) is a highly sensitive indicator of many evolutionary phenomena including chromosomal inversions, local adaptation and geographical structure. Here, we present linkage disequilibrium network analysis (LDna), which accesses information on LD shared between multiple loci genomewide. In LD networks, vertices represent loci, and connections between vertices represent the LD between them. We analysed such networks in two test cases: a new restriction-site-associated DNA sequence (RAD-seq) data set for Anopheles baimaii, a Southeast Asian malaria vector; and a well-characterized single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data set from 21 three-spined stickleback individuals. In each case, we readily identified five distinct LD network clusters (single-outlier clusters, SOCs), each comprising many loci connected by high LD. In A. baimaii, further population-genetic analyses supported the inference that each SOC corresponds to a large inversion, consistent with previous cytological studies. For sticklebacks, we inferred that each SOC was associated with a distinct evolutionary phenomenon: two chromosomal inversions, local adaptation, population-demographic history and geographic structure. LDna is thus a useful exploratory tool, able to give a global overview of LD associated with diverse evolutionary phenomena and identify loci potentially involved. LDna does not require a linkage map or reference genome, so it is applicable to any population-genomic data set, making it especially valuable for nonmodel species.
Ubiquity and evolution of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins in eukaryotes
<p>Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes are common in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota. SMC proteins, together with the proteins related to SMC (SMC-related proteins), constitute a superfamily of ATPases. Bacteria/Archaea and Eukaryotes are distinctive from one another in terms of the repertory of SMC proteins. A single type of SMC protein is dimerized in the bacterial and archaeal complexes, whereas eukaryotes possess six distinct SMC subfamilies (SMC1-6), constituting three heterodimeric complexes, namely cohesin, condensin, and SMC5/6 complex. Thus, to bridge the homodimeric SMC complexes in Bacteria and Archaea to the heterodimeric SMC complexes in Eukaryota, we need to invoke multiple duplications of an SMC gene followed by functional divergence. However, to our knowledge, the evolution of the SMC proteins in Eukaryota had not been examined for more than a decade. In this study, we reexamined the ubiquity of SMC1-6 in phylogenetically diverse eukaryotes that cover the major eukaryotic taxonomic groups recognized to date and provide two novel insights into the SMC evolution in eukaryotes. First, multiple secondary losses of SMC5 and SMC6 occurred in the eukaryotic evolution. Second, the SMC proteins constituting cohesin and condensin (i.e., SMC1-4), and SMC5 and SMC6 were derived from closely related but distinct ancestral proteins. Based on the above-mentioned findings, we discuss how SMC1-6 have diverged from the archaeal homologs.</p>
Dataset and source code for manuscript "Chromosomal gene order defines several structural classes of Staphylococcus epidermidis genomes"
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Figures 1-5 from: Kuznetsova VG, Khabiev GN, Krivokhatsky VA (2015) Chromosome numbers in antlions (Myrmeleontidae) and owlflies (Ascalaphidae) (Insecta, Neuroptera). In: Lukhtanov VA, Kuznetsova VG, Grozeva S, Golub NV (Eds) Genetic and cytogenetic structure of biological diversity in insects. ZooKeys 538: 47-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.538.6655
Figures 1-5 - Meiotic (MI) karyotypes of antlions (1–4) and owlflies (5). 1 Palpares libelluloides, n = 12AA+XY (2n = 26, XY) 2 Distoleon tetragrammicus, n = 8AA+XY (2n = 18, XY) 3 Myrmecaelurus trigrammus, n = 7AA+XY (2n = 16, XY) 4 Macronemurus bilineatus, n = 7AA+XY (2n = 16, XY), 5 Bubopsis hamatus, n = 8AA+XY (2n = 18, XY). Arrows point to X and Y sex chromosomes. Scale bars = 10 µm
Figure 6 from: Shapoval NA, Lukhtanov VA (2015) Taxonomic interpretation of chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA variability in the species complex close to Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) dama (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). In: Lukhtanov VA, Kuznetsova VG, Grozeva S, Golub NV (Eds) Genetic and cytogenetic structure of biological diversity in insects. ZooKeys 538: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.538.6559
Figure 6 - Underside and upperside of the Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) karindus saravandi ssp. n. wings. A upperside (left) and underside (right) of the male wings B upperside (left) and underside (right) of the female wings.
Figure 4 from: Shapoval NA, Lukhtanov VA (2015) Taxonomic interpretation of chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA variability in the species complex close to Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) dama (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). In: Lukhtanov VA, Kuznetsova VG, Grozeva S, Golub NV (Eds) Genetic and cytogenetic structure of biological diversity in insects. ZooKeys 538: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.538.6559
Figure 4 - COI Haplotype analysis. A geographical distribution of haplogroups. Number of studied individuals sharing the same haplogroup is given in parentheses B most parsimonious COI haplotype network; h01–h12 are COI haplotypes; GH1–GH5 are COI haplogroups. Number of studied individuals sharing the same haplotype is given in parentheses.
Figure 5 from: Shapoval NA, Lukhtanov VA (2015) Taxonomic interpretation of chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA variability in the species complex close to Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) dama (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). In: Lukhtanov VA, Kuznetsova VG, Grozeva S, Golub NV (Eds) Genetic and cytogenetic structure of biological diversity in insects. ZooKeys 538: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.538.6559
Figure 5 - Holotype of Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) karindus saravandi, sample W064. Upperside (left) and underside (right) of the male wings.
Figure 3 from: Shapoval NA, Lukhtanov VA (2015) Taxonomic interpretation of chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA variability in the species complex close to Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) dama (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). In: Lukhtanov VA, Kuznetsova VG, Grozeva S, Golub NV (Eds) Genetic and cytogenetic structure of biological diversity in insects. ZooKeys 538: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.538.6559
Figure 3 - The Bayesian tree of Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) dama and Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) karindus based on analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene from 57 specimens. Numbers at nodes indicate Bayesian posterior probability. Agrodiaetus karindus karindus and Agrodiaetus karindus saravandi clusters highlighted in pink and blue respectively.
Figure 2 from: Shapoval NA, Lukhtanov VA (2015) Taxonomic interpretation of chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA variability in the species complex close to Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) dama (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). In: Lukhtanov VA, Kuznetsova VG, Grozeva S, Golub NV (Eds) Genetic and cytogenetic structure of biological diversity in insects. ZooKeys 538: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.538.6559
Figure 2 - Male meiosis I karyotypes of: A Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) karindus karindus, sample E399, Iran, Kordestan, 40 km SW Saqqez, 1800–1900 m, 2004.VII.29, V. Lukhtanov leg., n = 68 B Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) karindus saravandi, sample W372, Iran, Nahavand 34°02.57'N; 048°20.22'E, 2173m, 2009.VIII.02, V. Lukhtanov & N. Shapoval leg., n = 73. Scale bar = 10 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.