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opencc-by-4.0Dec 1995View details →

Fig. 1 in Diurnal activity, temperature responses and endothermy in three South American cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Dorisiana bonaerensis, Quesada gigas and Fidicina mannifera)

Fig. 1. Diurnal distribution of Tb of Dorisiana bonaerensis and Quesada gigas on the 13th December 1986. A rainstorm from 07.00 to 08.00 h followed by a misting rain until 09.45 h delayed the start of activity approx. 2 h. Body temperatures are below ambient temperature before activity begins. Body temperatures are elevated at the start of activity (10.00 h) and regulated throughout the day. Body temperatures of quiescent animals decrease with ambient temperature after sunset (20.10 h). Animals participating in the evening chorus have body temperatures in or near the body temperature range measured during the day. Closed circles, Tb of singing D. bonaerensis; open circles, Tb of D. bonaerensis engaged in other activities (including no activity); closed triangles, Tb of singing Q. gigas; open triangles, Tb of Q. gigas performing other activities; solid line, ambient air temperature.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 1996View details →

Fig. 2 in Social Behavior and Communication in the Neotropical Cicada Fidicina mannifera (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Cicadidae)

Fig. 2. Waveforms of two signals of Fidicina mannifera. (A) One complete call; (B) Twelve pulses from a calling song. Total X axis length is 280 ms in (A) and 18 ms in (B).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 1996View details →

Fig. 1 in Social Behavior and Communication in the Neotropical Cicada Fidicina mannifera (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Cicadidae)

Fig. 1. Audiospectrograms of four acoustic displays in the repertoire of Fidicina mannifera. (A) Song; (B) Calls, given in alternation by two males (numbers below the calls identify the caller); (C) Low-amplitude song; (D) Disturbance sound.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 1996View details →

Fig. 3 in Social Behavior and Communication in the Neotropical Cicada Fidicina mannifera (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Cicadidae)

Fig. 3. Proportion of calls vs. songs given by male Fidicina mannifera in relation to nearestneighbor distance. Note that the relationship with distance is not linear (fitted curve is logarithmic).

Fig. 4 in First North American occurrence of hairy cicadas discovered in the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Labrador, Canada

Fig. 4. Comparison of hairy cicada Maculaferrum blaisi gen. et sp. nov. (holotype RMIP 2018.18.24) from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Redmond Formation, Labrador, Canada, with forewings of extant relatives (B, C). A. Interpretative drawing of M. blaisi gen. et sp. nov. (holotype RMIP 2018.18.24) in pre-burial state, based on extant and extinct relatives. B. Left forewing of male Tettigarcta crinita Distant, 1883 from southern Victoria, Australia; NMV HEM5660 in dorsal view. C. Left forewing of female Tettigarcta tomentosa White, 1845 from Tasmania, Australia; NMV HEM476 in dorsal view. Note colouration pattern on post-nodal half: round patches near junction of terminal longitudinal veins with ambient vein, a larger darker round patch in cell a2, smaller irregular patches along more basal segments of longitudinal veins, and large oblong to irregular patches along cross veins and short segment of M1. Abbreviations: A, anal vein; a, apical cell; av, ambient vein; bc, basal cell; C, costa; Cu, cubitus; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; M, media; M1+2, two anterior branches of M; M3+4, two posterior branches of M; m, medial cross vein; mc, medial cell; m-cua, mediocubital cross vein; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; r, radial cross vein; r-m, radio-medial cross vein; Sc, subcosta; u, ulnar cell.

Fig. 6. Tettigarctinae occurrences through time. 1 in First North American occurrence of hairy cicadas discovered in the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Labrador, Canada

Fig. 6. Tettigarctinae occurrences through time. 1, Liassocicada antecedens Bode, 1953 from Early Jurassic Posidonia Shale Formation, Germany drawing from Nel et al. 1998); 2, Kisylia psylloides Martynov, 1937 from Early Jurassic Kisyl-Kiya, Kyrgyzstan; 3, Protabanus chaoyangensis Hong, 1982 from the Callovian/Oxfordian (Middle/Late Jurassic) Jiulongshan Formation, China; 4, Sunotettigarcta (represented by drawing of Sunotettigarcta kudryashevae Shcherbakov, 2009) from Late Jurassic Karatau, Kazakhstan; 5, Tettagalma striata Menon, 2005 from the Aptian (Early Cretaceous) Crato Formation, Brazil; 6, Magrebarcta africana Nel, Zarbout, Barale, and Philippe, 1998 from the Aptian (Early Cretaceous) Duriet Formation, Tunisia; 7, Cretotettigarcta burmensis Fu, Cai, and Huang, 2019 from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Hukawng Valley, Myanmar; 8, Maculaferrum blaisi gen. et sp. nov. (holotype RMIP 2018.18.24) from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Redmond Formation, Labrador, Canada; 9, Eotettigarcta scotica Zeuner, 1944 from the Palaeocene Isle of Mull, UK (only known from a partial hind wing); 10, Meuniera haupti Piton, 1936 from the Palaeocene Menat quarry, France; 11, Paratettigarcta zealandica Kaulfuss and Moulds, 2005 from the Miocene Hindon Maar, New Zealand; 12, Tettigarcta crinita Distant, 1883 from southern Victoria, Australia (extant). The classification of Liassocicada ignota Brodie, 1845 within Cicadoprosbolinae introduces uncertainty about the affinities of L. antecedens to Tettigarctinae (Shcherbakov 2009). Drawings not to scale; 1, 4, 6, 7, 9–11, mirrored to facilitate comparison with Maculaferrum. Fossil occurrences retrieved from the Paleobiology Database (Czaplewski 2019). Palaeogeographical maps from Scotese (2001).

Fig. 2 in First North American occurrence of hairy cicadas discovered in the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Labrador, Canada

Fig. 2. Hairy cicada Maculaferrum blaisi gen. et sp. nov. (holotype RMIP 2018.18.24) from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Redmond Formation, Labrador, Canada. Habitus photograph (A1), extracted from the RTI file (downloaded from http://culturalheritageimaging.org/Technologies/RTI/ on 31 July 2019; see SOM) and interpretative line drawing (A2). Wing venation terminology after Moulds (2005). Abbreviations: A, anal vein; a, apical cell; av, ambient vein; bc, basal cell; C, costa; Cu, cubitus; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; M, media; M1+2, two anterior branches of M; M3+4, two posterior branches of M; m, medial cross vein; mc, medial cell; m-cua, mediocubital cross vein; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; r, radial cross vein; r-m, radio-medial cross vein; Sc, subcosta; u, ulnar cell. Black lines, striae along wing apex; grey lines, tubercles along apical vein segments; dashed line, visible portion of nodal line.

Fig. 1 in First North American occurrence of hairy cicadas discovered in the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Labrador, Canada

Fig. 1. Geographical location and geological setting of the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Redmond Formation. A. Location of the Redmond Formation near Schefferville in Labrador, Canada (54°41'N, 66°45'W). Exposures of the Sokoman Formation based on Conliffe (2016). B. Prospecting along the spoil pile to the west of the Redmond no. 1 mine, where the specimen was discovered. C. Southeast facing view of the mine from the top of the western spoil pile. The open-pit mine is now flooded by groundwater.

Fig. 5. A in First North American occurrence of hairy cicadas discovered in the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Labrador, Canada

Fig. 5. A. Spatial and geographical distribution of cicadoid occurrences in the Cretaceous (red star, black shapes) compared with extant tettigarctids (blue diamonds). B. Habitus photograph of male Tettigarcta crinita Distant, 1883 from southern Victoria, Australia; NMV HEM5660 in dorsal view. C. Habitus photograph of male Tettigarcta tomentosa White, 1845 from Tasmania, Australia; NMV HEM472 in dorsal view. Fossil occurrences retrieved from the Paleobiology Database (Czaplewski 2019).

Figs. 6 in PLATYLOMIA OPERCULATA DISTANT, 1913, A CICADA THAT TAKES WATER FROM HOT SPRINGS AND BECOMES VICTIM OF THE PEOPLE (RHYNCHOTA: CICADOMORPHA: CICADIDAE)

Figs. 6 to 9: Platylomia operculata Distant. Close-up of the "cicadas taking the waters". 6, "birds' eye" view of two males which have fallen on the rocky bed of the springs. 7, subfrontal view of one of the males drinking between damp stones. 8, frontal view of a male, its rostrum perpendicularly planted between wet stones; 9 (from VDO), in spite of the postclypeus being crushed by a supposed collision with a rock "during a badly calculated landing" this male drinks, the rostrum is kept on the lateral fringe of the spring near which the cicada alighted.

Fig. 5 in PLATYLOMIA OPERCULATA DISTANT, 1913, A CICADA THAT TAKES WATER FROM HOT SPRINGS AND BECOMES VICTIM OF THE PEOPLE (RHYNCHOTA: CICADOMORPHA: CICADIDAE)

Fig. 5: "Allegro ma non troppo"... Score common to all Platylomia operculata performers (= C.I.A., species Acoustic ID card: a, temporal oscillogram; b, average spectrum; c, spectrogram).

Figs. 3 & 4 in PLATYLOMIA OPERCULATA DISTANT, 1913, A CICADA THAT TAKES WATER FROM HOT SPRINGS AND BECOMES VICTIM OF THE PEOPLE (RHYNCHOTA: CICADOMORPHA: CICADIDAE)

Figs. 3 & 4: Jaesorn N.P. Panoramic views of the "thermal springs", often clouded with very slightly sulphurized vapours.

Figs. 1 & 2 in PLATYLOMIA OPERCULATA DISTANT, 1913, A CICADA THAT TAKES WATER FROM HOT SPRINGS AND BECOMES VICTIM OF THE PEOPLE (RHYNCHOTA: CICADOMORPHA: CICADIDAE)

Figs. 1 & 2: Morphology in dorsal view (1), then in ventral view centred on hypertelic opercula (2).

Figs. 13 & 14 in PLATYLOMIA OPERCULATA DISTANT, 1913, A CICADA THAT TAKES WATER FROM HOT SPRINGS AND BECOMES VICTIM OF THE PEOPLE (RHYNCHOTA: CICADOMORPHA: CICADIDAE)

Figs. 13 & 14: Leptopsaltria sp. (in description) on mud (13, from VDO) and Balinta tenebricosa Distant, on humific sand (14), two species encountered near the same hot springs during the day, and accustomed to drink (see arrow) water more or less charged with mineral salts, but also with different organic molecules. The evidence of this: the yellowish colour of urine which, every 7 to 9 seconds, Leptopsaltria ejected with spectacular micturitions (see arrow). It should be emphasised that the specimens encountered were also males! Photographs & VDO: Michel Boulard & Khuankanok Chueata.

Figs. 11 & 12 in PLATYLOMIA OPERCULATA DISTANT, 1913, A CICADA THAT TAKES WATER FROM HOT SPRINGS AND BECOMES VICTIM OF THE PEOPLE (RHYNCHOTA: CICADOMORPHA: CICADIDAE)

Figs. 11 & 12: On a neighbouring market, sale of fricassée cicadas offered in voluminous dishes. In 11, Kwankanok Chueata (to the left) speaking with the saleswoman; in 12, close-up view of one of the baked cicada dishes.

Fig. 10 in PLATYLOMIA OPERCULATA DISTANT, 1913, A CICADA THAT TAKES WATER FROM HOT SPRINGS AND BECOMES VICTIM OF THE PEOPLE (RHYNCHOTA: CICADOMORPHA: CICADIDAE)

Fig. 10 (from VDO): Estimate of cigalicid bags; in each of them, several hundred, even more than a thousand agonizing males.

Fig. 11 in Differences in the male calling songs of two sibling species of Cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) in Greece

Fig. 11. Dendrogram of the relationships between 20 males of C. mordoganensis Boulard from Samos and Ikaria and 10 males of C. orni L. from Athens, revealed by UPGMA cluster analysis of Euclidean distances. Data standardized. IK – Ikaria; SA – Samos; AT –Athens; numbers refer to specimens.

Figs 1–2 in Differences in the male calling songs of two sibling species of Cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) in Greece

Figs 1–2: Left lateral view of the genital segments of a male. 1 – C. mordoganensis Boulard from Samos; 2 – C. lorni L. from Dionysos, Athens. Scale = 0.8 mm.

Figs 7–10 in Differences in the male calling songs of two sibling species of Cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) in Greece

Figs 7–10. Song of a male of C. orni L. (Dionysos, Athens). 7 – oscillogram over a period of 10 s; 8 – oscillogram with an extended time-base of 0.5 s; 9 – sonagram over a period of 1.0 s; 10 – spectrogram.

Figs 3–6 in Differences in the male calling songs of two sibling species of Cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) in Greece

Figs 3–6. Song of a male of C. mordoganensis Boulard (Samos). 3 – oscillogram over a period of 10 s; 4 – oscillogram with an extended time-base of 0.5 s; 5 – sonagram over a period of 1.55 s; 6 – spectrogram.