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128 results for “Cladogram”
Fig. 1. The single cladogram for Pseudopolybia, with a in Phylogenetic Analysis of the Neotropical Pseudopolybia de Saussure, 1863, with Description of the Male Genitalia of Pseudopolybia vespiceps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Epiponini)
Fig. 1. The single cladogram for Pseudopolybia, with a length of 56, consistency index of 0.64, and retention index of 0.70; based on the data matrix from table 1. Character numbers (see table 2) are placed above hash marks, with the state numbers below, separated by ''.'' to indicated the transitions between states. Filled hash marks indicate an uncontroverted step, while open hash marks indicate homoplastic change.
Fig. 76. Results from exploratory phylogenetic analysis including Epidendrosaurus ningchengensis. A, reduced strict consensus cladogram. B in A Review Of Dromaeosaurid Systematics And Paravian Phylogeny
Fig. 76. Results from exploratory phylogenetic analysis including Epidendrosaurus ningchengensis. A, reduced strict consensus cladogram. B, detail of the base of Avialae showing the number of additional steps required to constrain Epidendrosaurus and Epidexipteryx are sister taxa.
Fig. 63. Strict consensus cladogram illustrating the troodontid relationships. Dromaeosaurid taxa have been collapsed into a in A Review Of Dromaeosaurid Systematics And Paravian Phylogeny
Fig. 63. Strict consensus cladogram illustrating the troodontid relationships. Dromaeosaurid taxa have been collapsed into a single terminal.
Fig. 62. Reduced strict consensus cladogram illustrating the relationships among nonparavian maniraptorans. Paravian taxa have been collapsed into a in A Review Of Dromaeosaurid Systematics And Paravian Phylogeny
Fig. 62. Reduced strict consensus cladogram illustrating the relationships among nonparavian maniraptorans. Paravian taxa have been collapsed into a single terminal.
Fig. 59. Cladogram summarizing the 23 in A Review Of Dromaeosaurid Systematics And Paravian Phylogeny
Fig. 59. Cladogram summarizing the 23 alternate positions that Pyroraptor olympius can take among dromaeosaurids.
Figure 2. Strict consensus cladogram from two equally parsimonious trees from a in Notograptidae, sister to Acanthoplesiops Regan (Teleostei: Plesiopidae: Acanthoclininae), with comments on biogeography, diet and morphological convergence with Congrogadinae (Teleostei: Pseudochromidae)
Figure 2. Strict consensus cladogram from two equally parsimonious trees from a branch-and-bound search using composite coding of the data set in Table 1 (no. of steps = 123; CI = 0.642; RC = 0.547; RI = 0.852). Nodes are lettered as in the text. Characters supporting each node, those without homoplasy in bold, are: A – 1, 2, 3, 4(1), 5, 6, 7, 8; B – 9, 10(1), 11(1); C – 12, 13, 14, 15, 16; D – 17; E – 18, 19(1), 20; F – 21, 22, 23; G – 10(2), 24, 25, 26; H – 4(2), 18, 19(1), 28, 29, 30, 31(1); I – 32(1), 33; J – 46, 58; K – 34, 35, 36, 37, 38(1); L – 19(2), 39, 40(1), 41, 42, 46, 47; M – 43, 44, 45; N – 31(2), 48, 50, 51, 53; O – 32(3), 49, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59; P – 47; Q – 36, 38(2). Numbers below nodes are decay indices.
Fig. 127. Cladogram showing relationships between Characidae lacking a in Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy
Fig. 127. Cladogram showing relationships between Characidae lacking a supraorbital bone (Bramocharax clade, Pseudochalceus clade, Characinae, Rhoadsiinae, and Tetragonopterinae). Node numbers correspond to those in the text.
Fig. 129. Cladogram showing relationships between Characidae lacking a in Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy
Fig. 129. Cladogram showing relationships between Characidae lacking a supraorbital bone (Aphyocharacinae, Aphyoditeinae, Cheirodontinae, and Stevardiinae). Node numbers correspond to those in the text.
Figure 18. Cladogram 4 in Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain and Italy: a description and reconsideration of their systematics
Figure 18. Cladogram 4 showing most parsimonious tree with only single representatives of Palaeozoic taxa included (see Appendix 3 for character distributions in each tree).
Figure 17. Cladogram 3 in Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain and Italy: a description and reconsideration of their systematics
Figure 17. Cladogram 3 showing one of two equally most parsimonious trees with some Palaeozoic taxa removed for clarity (see Appendix 3 for character distributions in each tree).
Figure 16. Cladogram 2 in Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain and Italy: a description and reconsideration of their systematics
Figure 16. Cladogram 2 showing one of two equally most parsimonious trees with some Palaeozoic taxa removed for clarity (see Appendix 3 for character distributions in each tree).
Figure 15. Cladogram 1 in Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain and Italy: a description and reconsideration of their systematics
Figure 15. Cladogram 1 showing most parsimonious tree depicting the relationships of taxa used in this study (see Appendix 3 for taxa and character distributions).
Figure 134. Cladogram 19 in Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)
Figure 134. Cladogram 19 of 20 based on 141 characters from adult morphology and ecology (L = 853, CI = 0.22; RI = 0.59). Numbers above hash marks indicate character numbers and below character states. Black bars indicate unique and white bars non-unique synapomorphies. Species are mentioned in their generic combinations prior to analysis. Names on the right-hand margin indicate genera as recognized here.
Figure 6. Cladogram 4 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 6. Cladogram 4. Phylogeny of the Eurytominae: strict consensus tree (CS) of the equally weighted trees (n = 45). Study carried out with 156 morphological characters and 178 taxa using a 'successive approach' as defined in the text (Step 5 of Analysis 1). Bootstrap values are given above the branches. Length of the tree: 464.433; consistency index, CI = 0.204; retention index, RI = 0.814; rescaled consistency index, RC = 0.166. Two large clades, including species distributed in the New World and in the Old World, respectively, are shaded. Species or genera conflicting with the general distribution are outlined.
Figure 4. Cladogram 2 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 4. Cladogram 2. Phylogeny of the Eurytominae: strict consensus tree (CS) of the equally weighted trees (n = 35). Study carried out with 150 morphological characters and 56 taxa using a 'successive approach' as defined in the text (Step 4 of Analysis 1). Bootstrap values are given above the branches. Length of the tree: 262.92; consistency index, CI = 0.353; retention index, RI = 0.856; rescaled consistency index, RC = 0.302.
Figure 3. Cladogram 1 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 3. Cladogram 1. Phylogeny of the Eurytominae: strict consensus tree (= CS) of the equally weighted trees (n = 35). Study carried out with 150 morphological characters and 178 taxa using a 'consensus weighting approach' as defined in the text (Step 3 of Analysis 1). Boostrap values are given above the branches. Length of the tree: 165.96; consistency index, CI = 0.275; retention index, RI = 0.844; rescaled consistency index, RC = 0.232. The generic groups, large genera, and some species groups, as defined in the text, are shaded. The Bephrata group is not monophyletic on this cladogram. Syceurytoma ficus and the Eurytoma from San Alberto were finally excluded from the Phylloxeroxenus clade; they are shaded in dark grey to underline an ambiguous placement on this cladogram. Plutarchia always branches within the genus Philolema sensu largo in all cladograms. As this placement seems doubtful the genus is also superimposed. Putative placement of the type species for each of the largest genera is indicated.
Figure 9. Cladogram 7 in Phylogenetic analysis of Eurytominae (Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae) based on morphological characters
Figure 9. Cladogram 7. Phylogeny of the terminal zone of the Eurytominae: unique tree obtained. Study carried out with 156 morphological characters and 44 taxa (Analysis 4). Bootstrap values are given above the branches. Length of the tree: 168.672; consistency index, CI = 0.356; retention index, RI = 0.780; rescaled consistency index, RC = 0.280. The generic groups, large genera, and some species groups, as defined in the text, are shaded.
Fig. 61. One cladogram derived from successive weighting approach using NONA. See fig. 60 in A Cladistic Analysis of the Therini: A New Synonym of the Cidariini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae)
Fig. 61. One cladogram derived from successive weighting approach using NONA. See fig. 60 for generic abbreviations and symbols. Each node number is indicated.
Fig. 20. Most parsimonious cladogram for the 58 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)
Fig. 20. Most parsimonious cladogram for the 58 myological characters (CI = 0.82, RI = 0.90). Numbers identify clades, which are discussed in the text and used in the apomorphy list (table 4).
SAMBA: Super Area-cladogram after resolving Multiple Biogeographical Ambiguities
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Cladistic biogeography is all about congruence: when individual area cladograms coincide, they result in a general area cladogram that reveals shared history. However, the complexities of the natural world hamper the reconstruction of fully solved biogeographical patterns. Herein, we present SAMBA (Super Area-cladogram after resolving Multiple Biogeographical Ambiguities), a pattern-based method combining supertrees and area cladograms to depict the relationships among areas. We also present a prototypical implementation of SAMBA as a web-based framework named iSAMBA.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Global</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> Any taxon can be analyzed with SAMBA</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> SAMBA is based on phylogenetic supertrees, a technique that combines previously calculated phylogenetic trees to produce a general area cladogram representing conciliatory and non-ambiguous patterns of relationships. In our method, the input topologies are individual area cladograms. SAMBA is implemented through a web-based framework named iSAMBA. We analyzed a theoretical and a real scenario to compare SAMBA with Primary BPA, Component Analysis, TAS and Transparent Method.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> SAMBA produces area cladograms that converge with the actual history of fragmentations of both hypothetical and real scenarios used as examples of implementation of the method. Primary BPA, Component Analysis, TAS and the Transparent Method are much more affected by the "biogeographical noise" (e.g., multiple areas in a single terminal, paralogies and missing areas) than SAMBA.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> SAMBA results in more informative general area cladograms than other pattern-based biogeographical methods. SAMBA reveals shared patterns of biotic distribution without generating multiple unreliable area cladograms. The main advantage of SAMBA is the simplicity of using a single technique to extract biogeographical information from individual area cladograms and combine them to depict a non-ambiguous general pattern of relationships among areas.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.