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Text-fig. 2. Map of Partizansk coal basin with early angiosperm localities. a: Severosuchan Formation, Aptian; b: Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian. 1 – Novoveselaya village; 2 – 3rd Kamenka River; 3 – Bolshoy Kuvshin; 4 – Andreev Inlet. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 2. Map of Partizansk coal basin with early angiosperm localities. a: Severosuchan Formation, Aptian; b: Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian. 1 – Novoveselaya village; 2 – 3rd Kamenka River; 3 – Bolshoy Kuvshin; 4 – Andreev Inlet.

Text-fig. 4. Porechye open pit coal mine. a: photography of the Lipovtsy Formation section; b: stratigraphic column, 1 – sandstone, 2 – conglomerate, 3 – coal, 4 – tuff dated by U-Th-Pb geochronology, 5 – siltstone, 6 – mudstone, 7 – palynological samples with angiosperm pollen, 8 – dispersed angiosperm cuticles. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 4. Porechye open pit coal mine. a: photography of the Lipovtsy Formation section; b: stratigraphic column, 1 – sandstone, 2 – conglomerate, 3 – coal, 4 – tuff dated by U-Th-Pb geochronology, 5 – siltstone, 6 – mudstone, 7 – palynological samples with angiosperm pollen, 8 – dispersed angiosperm cuticles.

Text-fig. 3. Map of Razdolnaya coal basin with early angiosperm localities. a: Lipovtsy Formation, Aptian; b: Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian. 1 – Porechye coal mine; 2 – Konstantinovka; 3 – Aleksee-Nikolskoe coal mine; 4 – Fedorovsky Rudnik; 5 – Podgorodenka coalfield; 6 – Firsov Cape. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 3. Map of Razdolnaya coal basin with early angiosperm localities. a: Lipovtsy Formation, Aptian; b: Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian. 1 – Porechye coal mine; 2 – Konstantinovka; 3 – Aleksee-Nikolskoe coal mine; 4 – Fedorovsky Rudnik; 5 – Podgorodenka coalfield; 6 – Firsov Cape.

Text-fig. 1. a: Idealised section of the Intra-Sudetic Basin (from Opluštil et al. 2016); b: Geological sketch map of the IntraSudetic Basin, here simplified (after Prouza and Tásler 2001, Pešek 2004). Explanations: 1 – Bohdašín Formation (Triassic), 2 – Bohuslavice Formation (Thuringian), 3 – Trutnov Formation (Saxonian), 4–13 Broumov Formation (Autunian): 4 – Martínkovice Member, 5 – Martínkovice Member with Jetřichovice, Hejtmánkovice and Vižňov horizons, 6–13 – Olivětín Member: 6 – Walchia bone coal facies, 7 – Basaltoides of the Šonov Group, 8 – Volcanoclastic facies, 9 – Aleuropelites, 10 – Ignimbrites, 11 – Rhyolite tuffs, 12 – Ruprechtice Limestone Horizon, 13 – Otovice Limestone Horizon. Localities: O1 – Otovice "Černý potok", O2 – Otovice "Stěnava", O3 – Otovice "Chmelnice", O4 – Otovice "Vápenka", R1 – Ruprechtice "Vápencové lomy", R2 – Ruprechtice "Pod Světlinou", R3 – Olivětín "Nad náhonem". in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 1. a: Idealised section of the Intra-Sudetic Basin (from Opluštil et al. 2016); b: Geological sketch map of the IntraSudetic Basin, here simplified (after Prouza and Tásler 2001, Pešek 2004). Explanations: 1 – Bohdašín Formation (Triassic), 2 – Bohuslavice Formation (Thuringian), 3 – Trutnov Formation (Saxonian), 4–13 Broumov Formation (Autunian): 4 – Martínkovice Member, 5 – Martínkovice Member with Jetřichovice, Hejtmánkovice and Vižňov horizons, 6–13 – Olivětín Member: 6 – Walchia bone coal facies, 7 – Basaltoides of the Šonov Group, 8 – Volcanoclastic facies, 9 – Aleuropelites, 10 – Ignimbrites, 11 – Rhyolite tuffs, 12 – Ruprechtice Limestone Horizon, 13 – Otovice Limestone Horizon. Localities: O1 – Otovice "Černý potok", O2 – Otovice "Stěnava", O3 – Otovice "Chmelnice", O4 – Otovice "Vápenka", R1 – Ruprechtice "Vápencové lomy", R2 – Ruprechtice "Pod Světlinou", R3 – Olivětín "Nad náhonem".

Text-fig. 5. Fossil remains of a leafy Lepidodendron ophiurus BRONGN. shoot bearing a Flemingites strobilus produced by a tree similar to that shown in Text-fig. 2a; Middle Coal Measures Formation (Duckmantian – upper Bashkirian), Brymbo, near Wrexham, UK (see Thomas et al. 2020: fig. 16b); National Museum Wales specimen 2013.43G.120. in Naming Of Parts: The Use Of Fossil-Taxa In Palaeobotany

Text-fig. 5. Fossil remains of a leafy Lepidodendron ophiurus BRONGN. shoot bearing a Flemingites strobilus produced by a tree similar to that shown in Text-fig. 2a; Middle Coal Measures Formation (Duckmantian – upper Bashkirian), Brymbo, near Wrexham, UK (see Thomas et al. 2020: fig. 16b); National Museum Wales specimen 2013.43G.120.

Text-fig. 2. The distinction between fossil plants (a) and plant fossils (b). a: Reconstruction of a late Carboniferous arborescent lycopsid, often referred to as the Lepidodendron-tree; artwork by A. Townsend (formerly of National Museum Wales, Cardiff, UK; see Townsend et al. 1998); b: Lepidodendron aculeatum STERNB.; Middle Coal Measures Formation (Duckmantian – upper Bashkirian), Brymbo, near Wrexham, UK (see Thomas et al. 2020: fig. 16b); National Museum Wales specimen 2013.43G.88. in Naming Of Parts: The Use Of Fossil-Taxa In Palaeobotany

Text-fig. 2. The distinction between fossil plants (a) and plant fossils (b). a: Reconstruction of a late Carboniferous arborescent lycopsid, often referred to as the Lepidodendron-tree; artwork by A. Townsend (formerly of National Museum Wales, Cardiff, UK; see Townsend et al. 1998); b: Lepidodendron aculeatum STERNB.; Middle Coal Measures Formation (Duckmantian – upper Bashkirian), Brymbo, near Wrexham, UK (see Thomas et al. 2020: fig. 16b); National Museum Wales specimen 2013.43G.88.

Text-fig. 5. a: coal seam "Rabochy" with three tuff layers in upper part of Lipovtsy Formation in Porechye open pit coal mine; b: same section, enlarged view, upper tuff layer, sample 160/4 site; c: tuff layer in upper part of Frentsevka Formation below conglomerate at Palets Cape; d: same section, enlarged view, sample 1 site. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 5. a: coal seam "Rabochy" with three tuff layers in upper part of Lipovtsy Formation in Porechye open pit coal mine; b: same section, enlarged view, upper tuff layer, sample 160/4 site; c: tuff layer in upper part of Frentsevka Formation below conglomerate at Palets Cape; d: same section, enlarged view, sample 1 site.

Fig. 7 in The most complete amiid fish from the Coal Creek Member of the Eocene Kishenehn Formation in northwestern Montana

Fig. 7. Cladogram from the maximum likelihood rapid bootstrap analysis with bootstrap support values for each node.

Fig. 5 in The most complete amiid fish from the Coal Creek Member of the Eocene Kishenehn Formation in northwestern Montana

Fig. 5. Amiid fish Amia sp., USNM 618000, from the Spring Site, Montana, USA; the Kishenehn Formation's Coal Creek Member, 43.5 Ma (Eocene). Dentary in left anterolateral view; three-dimensional model (A1), illustration with elements labeled, coronoid teeth outlined and indicated by arrows (A2). The letter following the anatomical abbreviation denotes the left (-l) element. Abbreviations: d, dentary; dsp, dermosphenotic; fr, frontal; l, lacrimal; n, nasal; po1, postinfraorbital.

Fig. 4 in The most complete amiid fish from the Coal Creek Member of the Eocene Kishenehn Formation in northwestern Montana

Fig. 4. Amiid fish Amia sp., USNM 618000, from the Spring Site, Montana, USA; the Kishenehn Formation's Coal Creek Member, 43.5 Ma (Eocene). Skull in right ventrolateral view; three-dimensional model (A1), illustration with labeled elements (A2). The letter following the anatomical abbreviation denotes the left (-l) or right (-r) element. Abbreviations: ang, angular; ar, posterior articular element; bb, basibranchial; bop, branchiopercle; br, branchiostegal rays; cb, ceratobranchials; cl, cleithrum; d, dentary; dpt, dermopterotic; g, gular; hb, hypobranchials; l, lacrimal; m, mentomeckelian; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; op, opercle; pa, parietals; pmx, premaxilla; po1, po2, postinfraorbitals 1, 2; pop, preopercle; rar, retroarticular; ro, rostral; smx, supramaxilla; so, subinfraorbitals; sop, subopercle.

Fig. 2 in The most complete amiid fish from the Coal Creek Member of the Eocene Kishenehn Formation in northwestern Montana

Fig. 2. Amiid fish Amia sp., USNM 618000, from the Spring Site, Montana, USA; the Kishenehn Formation's Coal Creek Member, 43.5 Ma (Eocene). A. Shale-imbedded skull in right ventrolateral view. B. Post-crania with the anterior end on the left. C. Three-dimensional model of the entire skeleton from left dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: cop, coprolite; mtg, metapterygium; pb, pelvic bone; pcfr, pectoral fin rays; pfr, principal fin rays; pp, parapophyses; ps, first pelvic fin ray; pvfr-l, left pelvic fin rays; rfr, rudimentary fin rays.

Fig. 6 in The most complete amiid fish from the Coal Creek Member of the Eocene Kishenehn Formation in northwestern Montana

Fig. 6. Amiid fish Amia sp., USNM 618000, from the Spring Site, Montana, USA; the Kishenehn Formation's Coal Creek Member, 43.5 Ma (Eocene). Tail in left-lateral view; three-dimensional threshold model (A1), explanatory drawing with labeled elements (A2). Vertebral centra 61–68 are represented as impressions in the shale (see SOM: fig. S3). Abbreviations: ep, epurals; epx, epaxial; ha, haemal arch; hpx, hypaxial; hs, haemal spines; hyp1, hyp2, hypurals 1, 2; ihm, infrahaemal; na, neural arches; nsap, anterior process of neural spine; u1, u8, ural centra 1, 8.

Fig. 1 in The most complete amiid fish from the Coal Creek Member of the Eocene Kishenehn Formation in northwestern Montana

Fig. 1. Google Earth images showing the location of the USNM 618000 discovery site ("Spring Site") within Montana (A) and among other shale-bearing middle sequence localities (B). The Spring Site is located on the south bend of the river. Picture of the upper Spring Site showing where USNM 618000 was discovered (C).

Fig. 3 in The most complete amiid fish from the Coal Creek Member of the Eocene Kishenehn Formation in northwestern Montana

Fig. 3. Amiid fish Amia sp., USNM 618000, from the Spring Site, Montana, USA; the Kishenehn Formation's Coal Creek Member, 43.5 Ma (Eocene). Skull in left dorsolateral view; three-dimensional model (A1), illustration with labeled elements (A2). The letter following the anatomical abbreviation denotes the left (-l) or right (-r) element. Abbreviations: ar, posterior articular element; cl, cleithrum; d, dentary; dpt, dermopterotic; dsp, dermosphenotic; es, extrascapular; fr, frontal; le, lateral ethmoid; n, nasal; op, opercle; pa, parietals; pla, anterior parietal pit line; pmx, premaxilla; po1, po2, postinfraorbitals 1, 2; rar, retroarticular; ro, rostral; so, subinfraorbitals; sop, subopercle; C1, C2, vertebral centra 1, 2.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2004View details →

Figures 2-4 in A scorpion from a peatbog: the first arthropod fossil from the Late Viséan of the Moscow Coal Basin

Figures 2-4: Scorpion leg segment (PIN no. 5072/1). 2. Leg segment showing scale at 1 mm, dorsal view. 3. Details of basal joint, ventral view. 4. Close-up of denticles, dorsal view. Leg segment orientation is based on a scorpion positioned vertically with prosoma facing upwards and metasoma facing downwards.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Identifying contaminants of coal inertinite in charcoal briquettes: Preliminary findings of microscopic analysis

Submitted data was used to write an article: Jelonek, Z., Jelonek, I., Identifying coal-derived inertinite in charcoal briquettes: Preliminary findings of microscopic analysis – article sent for review to the International Journal of Coal Geology.    Funding acknowledgments: The project is co-financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange within the Polish Returns Programme (BPN/PPO/2021/1/00005/DEC/1), the National Science Center, Poland (2022/01/1/ST10/00024), and the research activities co-financed by the funds granted under the Research Excellence Initiative of the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.    Article Abstract: Despite the widespread popularity of charcoal-based grilling fuels, extensive studies have highlighted various pollutants linked to their production and combustion, posing potential risks to human health and the environment. Since the presence of impurities has been identified as a factor contributing to elevated emissions of harmful gases and particulate matter, a comprehensive quality assessment of grilling fuels is imperative to effectively manage and minimize potential risks to customer health and safety. While identifying many impurities in solid biomass fuels is possible through microscopic analysis, identifying fossil coal contaminants in charcoal briquettes can be challenging. The biggest difficulty arises when coal-derived inertinite and man-made charcoal need to be distinguished as both exhibit numerous visual similarities in microscopic images. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the optical morphology of inertinite and charcoal with the aim of differentiating them when they co-occur in charcoal briquettes. The results show that employing high differential interference (DIC) and fluorescence filters, coupled with reflected white light in microscopic analysis, can enhance the observations allowing for easier detection of impurities of inertinite in charcoal-based grilling fuels. Among the most notable distinctions are the high degree of cellular structure preservation and the presence of small pores and protrusions in man-made charcoal; these characteristics are typically absent in the inertinite fragments.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Рис. 2. Черношапочные сурки и их местообитания на хребте КоΑар: A — виΑ на ЦентраΛьный КоΑар и ΑоΛину р. СреΑний Сакукан; B — местообитание сурков поΑ переваΛом; C — местообитание сурков по берегам р. Того; D — местообитание сурков на вершине гребня, каΑр с фотоΛовушки; E — сурки; F — черношапочный сурок обΛизывает пΛасты каменного угΛя, каΑр из виΑеосъемки Fig. 2. Black-capped marmots and their habitats on the Kodar Ridge: A — view of the Central Kodar and the valley of the Middle Sakukan River; B — habitat of marmots under the mountain pass; C — habitat of marmots along the banks of the Togo River; D — marmot habitat at the top of the mountain ridge, camera trap frame; E — marmots; F — the black-capped marmot licks coal, freeze frame from video in On the ecology of the Doppelmayer`s Black-capped marmot (Marmota camtschatica doppelmayeri Birula, 1922): Kodar Mountain Ridge, Transbaikalia, Russia

Рис. 2. Черношапочные сурки и их местообитания на хребте КоΑар: A — виΑ на ЦентраΛьный КоΑар и ΑоΛину р. СреΑний Сакукан; B — местообитание сурков поΑ переваΛом; C — местообитание сурков по берегам р. Того; D — местообитание сурков на вершине гребня, каΑр с фотоΛовушки; E — сурки; F — черношапочный сурок обΛизывает пΛасты каменного угΛя, каΑр из виΑеосъемки Fig. 2. Black-capped marmots and their habitats on the Kodar Ridge: A — view of the Central Kodar and the valley of the Middle Sakukan River; B — habitat of marmots under the mountain pass; C — habitat of marmots along the banks of the Togo River; D — marmot habitat at the top of the mountain ridge, camera trap frame; E — marmots; F — the black-capped marmot licks coal, freeze frame from video

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2012View details →

Text-fig. 3. Schematic geological section of the Kristina Mine near Hrádek/N. (state in 1963–1964) – height/length ratio 3:1. Explanations: vertical hatching – lignite seam, seamlet; dotted – coarse-grained sand, pea-gravel; short lines – sandy clay; white – clay; black lines – clay ironstone concretions; black dots – individual fossiliferous horizons designated as (A) plastic clay from the upper part of the main xylitic seam (about 5 m under t of the seam, (B) clay and "Blätterkohle" from the uppermost part of the first seamlet (split off the Main Coal Seam), (C) slightly sandy brown clay under the uppermost part of the Main Coal Seam, (D) base of the sandy clay with large concretions of the clay ironstone above the Main Coal Seam, (E) sandy clay (incl. clay ironstone) supplying most of leaf material with cuticles (F) 1–2 cm thin silty lenticles or thin beds of the sandy clay with xylites and Eomastixia within peagravels and coarse-grained sands, (G) coarse-grained sands with clayish silts with Fagus, Ocotea, Pterocarya, Tectocarya, (H) brown sandy clay underlying the uppermost seamlet, (I) lignite clay, base of the uppermost seamlet (J) Glyptostrobus – "Blätterkohle", base of the uppermost seamlet (according to Holý 1975, modified). in A Review Of The Early Miocene Mastixioid Flora Of The Kristina Mine At Hrádek Nad Nisou In North Bohemia (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 3. Schematic geological section of the Kristina Mine near Hrádek/N. (state in 1963–1964) – height/length ratio 3:1. Explanations: vertical hatching – lignite seam, seamlet; dotted – coarse-grained sand, pea-gravel; short lines – sandy clay; white – clay; black lines – clay ironstone concretions; black dots – individual fossiliferous horizons designated as (A) plastic clay from the upper part of the main xylitic seam (about 5 m under t of the seam, (B) clay and "Blätterkohle" from the uppermost part of the first seamlet (split off the Main Coal Seam), (C) slightly sandy brown clay under the uppermost part of the Main Coal Seam, (D) base of the sandy clay with large concretions of the clay ironstone above the Main Coal Seam, (E) sandy clay (incl. clay ironstone) supplying most of leaf material with cuticles (F) 1–2 cm thin silty lenticles or thin beds of the sandy clay with xylites and Eomastixia within peagravels and coarse-grained sands, (G) coarse-grained sands with clayish silts with Fagus, Ocotea, Pterocarya, Tectocarya, (H) brown sandy clay underlying the uppermost seamlet, (I) lignite clay, base of the uppermost seamlet (J) Glyptostrobus – "Blätterkohle", base of the uppermost seamlet (according to Holý 1975, modified).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2009View details →

Text-fig. 6. Geological plan of Malo-Mikhaylovka. 1 – andesito-dacite; 2 – coarse-grained tuff; 3 – argillitic tuffite; 4 – tuffitic sandstone; 5 – lignite, coal clay; 6 – lenses of tuffitic conglomerate; 7 – acidic tuff; 8 – dacite; 9 – andesito-basalt; 10 – basalt; 11 – sandstone; 12 – andesite; 13 – break; 14 – inclination/direction of beds; 15 – plant-bearing levels; 16 – talus. in Mid-Latitude Palaeogene Floras Of Eurasia Bound To Volcanic Settings And Palaeoclimatic Events - Experience Obtained From The Far East Of Russia (Sikhote-Alin') And Central Europe (Bohemian Massif)

Text-fig. 6. Geological plan of Malo-Mikhaylovka. 1 – andesito-dacite; 2 – coarse-grained tuff; 3 – argillitic tuffite; 4 – tuffitic sandstone; 5 – lignite, coal clay; 6 – lenses of tuffitic conglomerate; 7 – acidic tuff; 8 – dacite; 9 – andesito-basalt; 10 – basalt; 11 – sandstone; 12 – andesite; 13 – break; 14 – inclination/direction of beds; 15 – plant-bearing levels; 16 – talus.