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252 results for “Colonisation”
Fig. 3 in Morphological and genetic data suggest a complex pattern of inter-island colonisation and differentiation for mining bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Andrena) on the Macaronesian Islands
Fig. 3 Dated species tree demonstrating the phylogenetic relationships of the different island populations calculated with *BEAST compared to the outgroup species Andrena enslinella, A. subopaca, A. minutuloides, and A. semilaevis (all Micrandrena); dating is based
Fig. 6 in Morphological and genetic data suggest a complex pattern of inter-island colonisation and differentiation for mining bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Andrena) on the Macaronesian Islands
Fig. 6 Correlation of genetic distance (ΦST) and A squared Mahalanobis distance of morphometric data (r2= 0.18) and B Euclidian distance of qualitative morphological data (r2= 0.12)
Fig. 1 in Morphological and genetic data suggest a complex pattern of inter-island colonisation and differentiation for mining bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Andrena) on the Macaronesian Islands
Fig. 1 Location of the Azores, the Archipelago of Madeira, the Selvagens Islands, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde (a). Close view to the islands of the Madeira Archipelago (b) and the Western Canary Islands (below, right) (c). Tenerife is characterised by the regions of Anaga, Teno, Las Cañadas/Teide, and Dorsal Rift. The taxa of the A. wollastoni group (Kratochwil, 2020) and the centres of their distri-
The turnover of plant-frugivore interactions along plant range expansion: consequences for natural colonisation processes
<p><span>Plant-animal mutualisms such as seed dispersal are key interactions for sustaining plant range shifts. Whether the organisation of interactions with seed dispersers is reconfigured along the expansion landscape template, and its effects accelerating or slowing colonisation, remain elusive. Here we analyse plant-frugivore interactions in a scenario of rapid population expansion of a Mediterranean juniper. We combined complex network analyses with intensive field surveys, sampling interactions between individual plants and frugivores by DNA-Barcoding and phototrapping over two seasons. We assess the role of intrinsic and extrinsic intraspecific variability in shaping interactions and we estimate the contribution of individual plants to seed rain. The whole interaction network was highly structured, with a distinct set of modules including individual plants and frugivore species arranged concordantly along the expansion gradient. The modular configuration found was partially shaped by individual neighbourhood context (density and fecundity) and phenotypic traits (cone size). Interaction reconfiguration resulted in a higher and uneven contribution to seed dispersal rain by individuals of the expansion boundaries, providing signals of the colonisation local-history. Our study provides novel insights into the key role of mutualistic interactions in colonisation scenarios by promoting fast plant expansion processes.</span></p>
Activity of a freshwater turtle varies across a latitudinal gradient: implications for the success of assisted colonisation
<p>The value of assisted colonisation as a response to climate change can only be realised if focal species are well suited to their new habitats. For ectotherms, new habitats must offer microclimates that promote crucial behaviours such as thermoregulation and foraging.</p> <p>The Western Swamp Turtle (Pseudemydura umbrina), a Critically Endangered species from southwestern Australia, serves as a global case-study of assisted colonisation in action. Initial trials where juvenile P. umbrina were released into wetter and cooler climates found that individuals spent considerable time at body temperatures that apparently limited their growth.</p> <p>Using high-resolution biologging data (temperature and depth), here we tested if turtle activity is thermally constrained in cooler latitudes by releasing 48 juveniles into seasonal swamps at three sites. One site was core natural habitat, and the other sites were wetlands 380 km apart that offered either warmer or cooler microclimates. Generalised additive mixed models were used to evaluate behaviours and time spent at optimal temperatures for approximately one month following release, and growth rates were measured and analysed after release until the end of the hydroperiod 4-5 months later.</p> <p>We found that turtles released into the most poleward (southern) wetland spent significantly less time active and basking and grew significantly less compared to turtles released further north. When analysed together, behavioural and growth datasets showed that activity was positively correlated with growth rates.</p> <p>We conclude that poor growth of turtles in the southern wetland was likely a result of lower body temperatures, stemming from a reduced ability to thermoregulate in water. Consequently, for assisted colonisation of P. umbrina to be successful, recipient wetlands must offer aquatic microclimates that are sufficiently warm to promote foraging activity that leads to growth, and ultimately to maturation.</p>
Higher plant colonisation and lower resident diversity in grasslands more recently abandoned from agriculture
<p>1. Rates of species colonisation and extirpation are increasing in plant communities worldwide. Colonisation could potentially help compensate for, or compound, resident diversity loss that results from global environmental change. 2. We use a multifactorial seed addition grassland experiment to examine relationships between plant colonisation, resident species diversity and key community assembly factors over three years. By manipulating colonist seed rate, imposing disturbance and examining abundance and diversity impacts of 14 formerly absent sown colonists in communities that varied in successional stage and time since agricultural abandonment, we were able to disentangle effects of global change factors (species introduction, novel disturbance and land use change) that are usually confounded. 3. Evidence suggested that cover abundance of sown colonists was most strongly influenced by successional stage of recipient communities, though number of growing seasons was also important for the group of seven colonists with resource conservative "slow" life history traits. Colonist type, seed rate and disturbance had weaker relationships with colonist cover. 4. Factors affecting sown colonist cover were highly conditional. A negative relationship between plot-level disturbance and colonist cover in early successional communities meant that, despite a positive relationship in late succession, colonisation was negatively related to disturbance overall, defying theoretical expectations. 5. Non-sown resident diversity was negatively related to colonist cover and positively related to successional stage. Resource acquisitive colonists with "fast" life history traits appeared to limit cover of "slow colonists" when the two groups were sown together, likely reflecting niche pre-emption. 6. Communities at earlier stages of succession had lower resident diversity and experienced higher levels of colonisation than communities at later stages of succession. Elevated colonisation and lower resident diversity both appeared to be symptoms of human-induced land use change. However, results suggested that resource competition from plant colonists may also limit resident diversity in grasslands abandoned from agriculture more recently. Synthesis: Our findings point to the importance of resource availability and competition on plant colonisation and colonist impacts on residents. Although colonisation is potentially a source of biodiversity in the short-term, our results suggest that plant colonists that reach high abundance may be a further threat to resident plant diversity in secondary grasslands recovering from a recent history of agriculture.</p>
Higher plant colonisation and lower resident diversity in grasslands more recently abandoned from agriculture
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Run and output files from: Holocene population expansion of a tropical bee coincides with early human colonisation of Fiji rather than climate change
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Activity of a freshwater turtle varies across a latitudinal gradient: implications for the success of assisted colonisation
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The turnover of plant-frugivore interactions along plant range expansion: consequences for natural colonisation processes
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Data from: Natural tree colonisation of organo-mineral soils does not provide a net carbon capture benefit at decadal timescales
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Datasets of recordings of electrical activity of substrates colonised by oyster fungi P. ostreatus and P. djamor.
<p>Datasets of recordings of electrical activity of substrates colonised by oyster fungi P. ostreatus and P. djamor.</p>
Environmental DNA reflects spatial distribution of a rare turtle in a lentic wetland assisted colonisation site
<p>Conservation translocations require robust post-release monitoring to evaluate their success, which can be challenging to implement and maintain. Monitoring techniques that can account for the dispersal and cryptic nature of translocated animals are necessary to provide critical information on persistence and distribution. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive environmental DNA (eDNA) assay specific to the Critically Endangered western swamp turtle (<em>Pseudemydura umbrina</em>), a species currently undergoing trials of assisted colonisation. Actively filtering sufficient volumes of water in lentic systems is difficult due to high concentrations of clogging particulates, therefore we assessed the viability of passive sampling in a controlled environment by submerging filter membranes and directly extracting DNA. Active sampling detected <em>P. umbrina</em> with a 97.6% detection rate, whereas passive sampling resulted in an 8.3% detection rate. We then used a fine-scale eDNA sampling design and radio tracked translocated <em>P. umbrina</em> at the assisted colonisation wetland to investigate eDNA dispersal and spatial monitoring resolution. We detected <em>P. umbrina</em> at 42% (7 / 17) of eDNA sample sites, and the probability of a positive eDNA detection was negatively associated with the distance of <em>P. umbrina</em> from the sampling site, indicating limited eDNA dispersal from the source. Systems with low natural mixing and limited eDNA dispersal provide an opportunity for high resolution spatial and temporal monitoring via targeted eDNA approaches. This is beneficial for monitoring rare species in these systems, as such high-resolution results can provide insights on species presence, distribution, and microhabitat use.</p>
Myzus persicae electrical penetration graph (EPG) live plant colonisation videos
<p><em>Myzus persicae</em> electrical penetration graph (EPG) traces with images of a single aphid colonising an <em>Arabidopsis thaliana </em>Col-0 leaf. The merged images and EPG traces show the process of plant colonisation ending in <em>M. persicae</em> phloem feeding as a video. Uploaded is also the script (written in the R programming language) to merge the EPGSystems analysis software 'EPG Stylet+a' exported, tabular EPG traces with camera images.</p>
Data from: Plant life history traits rather than soil legacies determine colonisation of soil patches in a multi-species grassland
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Interactions between plants and soil biota are increasingly shown to play critical roles in plant species co-existence processes. Plant species co-existence is thought to be promoted via biotic legacies that plant species leave behind in the soil after a plant disappears. These soil legacies are hypothesised to supress colonisation success when the preceding plant is of the same species, that is, when a plant species encounters its own, species-specific soil antagonists.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing">However, colonisation of vacant spots in plant communities is in the first place determined by the ability of plants to reach such vacant locations. We currently lack an understanding of the explicit role of soil legacy effects and their relative contribution to colonisation processes in plant communities consisting of plant species inherently differing in colonisation ability.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing">In experimental, outdoor plant communities consisting of eight grassland species, we tested the effect of five differently conditioned soil patches on plant species colonisation success over three consecutive growing seasons. We found that colonisation success was largely determined by the species' reproductive strategy, lateral spread and growth rate, and not by the plant species that conditioned the soil patch. Fast spreading, clonal plant species reached the soil patches first and initially attained the highest biomass inside the patch. One year later, slower spreading plant species colonised the patch via seedlings. Species with intrinsically high growth rates attained the highest biomass, decreasing biomass of the initial colonisers. While subtle differences between conditioned soil patches did occur, these were not strong enough to overcome the inherent differences in colonisation ability between the various plant species.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong>Synthesis:</strong><em> </em>Our results reject the hypothesis that colonisation of vacant soil patches in plant communities is strongly affected by the legacy that is left behind by the preceding plant species. Instead, plant species life history strategy plays a prominent role, driving sequential plant species replacements. Based on our results and recent accounts in literature we present a conceptual model for local cyclic dynamics in grassland communities, where soil legacy plays a role in affecting the performance of established plant species rather than colonisation of vacant patches.</p>
Panmixia and active colonisation of the invasive palm Trachycarpus fortunei (Arecaceae) in Southern Switzerland and Northern Italy as inferred by microsatellites and SNP markers
<p>Dataset for the paper named "Panmixia and active colonisation of the invasive palm Trachycarpus fortunei (Arecaceae) in Southern Switzerland and Northern Italy as inferred by microsatellites and SNP markers"</p> <p>GBS analysis:</p> <p>- variants.vcf.gz : compressed non filtered VCF file with 208 samples and 73685 markers on 36195 loci</p> <p>- variants.filt.vcf.gz: Filtered Variant call file (compressed) - Samples with > 50% missing genotypes, and variants with genotype calls in less than 80% of samples are removed; variants with maf < 1% are removed -207 samples and 31312 markers on 19301 loci - 1 samples removed 6CL</p> <p>Microsatellites:</p> <p>TFT.fortunei_Microsatellites_FSTATFINAL_Pop.dat</p> <p>Samples file</p> <p>-Trachycarpus_Samples_sheet.xlsx : list of samples used (lab extractions) </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Climate matching and anthropogenic factors contribute to the colonisation and extinction of local populations during avian invasions
<p>Concern about the impacts of biological invasions has generated a great deal of interest in understanding factors that determine invasion success. Most of our current knowledge comes from static approaches that use spatial patterns as a proxy of temporal processes. These approaches assume that species are present in areas where environmental conditions are the most favourable. However, this assumption is problematic when applied to dynamic processes such as species expansions when equilibrium has not been reached. In our work, we analyse the roles played by human activities, climatic matching, and spatial connectivity on the two main underlying processes shaping the spread of invasive species (i.e., colonisation and extinction) using a dynamic modelling approach. For this, we used a large dataset that has recorded the occurrence of two invasive bird species -the ring-necked and the monk parakeets- in the Iberian Peninsula from 1991 to 2016. </p>
Data from: Genetic patterns of Magnolia in the Lesser Antilles: Stepwise colonisation leading to highly inbred island 'populations'
<p>Aim: Test for genetic signatures of island biogeographic patterns, using a slowly evolving, recent colonist with a low dispersal capability in an island chain without linear chronosequence; evaluate the multiple-endemic status of the species; and quantify genetic diversity of extant island populations.</p> <p>Location: The Lesser Antilles (Caribbean).</p> <p>Taxon: Magnolia dodecapetala (Magnoliaceae).</p> <p>Methods: Genetic diversity was characterised using Sanger sequencing of 21 individuals amplified for 11 DNA markers, plus microsatellite data of 195 individuals genotyped with 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Sanger sequencing data were used to construct a Bayesian phylogenetic hypothesis, while SSR markers were used to run approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) demographic analyses and calculate population statistics.</p> <p>Results: Both types of molecular data support stepwise colonization, decoupled from known island ages. The ABC analyses support a north to south migration while the Sanger sequencing data indicates a mixture of island progression rule and stepping stone dispersal. The SSR data show strong genetic structuring per island and significant inbreeding in all populations except in Saint Lucia. The lowest genetic diversity is found in the population from Saint Vincent. A high amount of genetic linkage occurs in a subpopulation from Dominica.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Biogeographic patterns for the complex geological setting of the Lesser Antilles are uncovered using a slowly evolving study species. All genetic data support treating each island as distinct Management Units for conservation and call for a re-evaluation of the species limits. Inbreeding threatens the survival of island populations and the populations of Saint Vincent and Dominica represent conservation priorities.</p>
Data from: Mechanisms of dispersal and colonisation in a wind-borne cereal pest, the haplodiploid wheat curl mite
<p><strong>Filename: </strong>1_Allele_freq</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. marker_id - Name of the microsatellite marker analysed<br> 2. regime - Experimental regime (low heterozygosity - LH; medium heterozygosity - MH; high heterozygosity - HH)<br> 3. allele frequency - The frequency of alleles occurrence in the tested populations</p> <p><strong>Filename: </strong>2_Pattern_of_plants_infestation</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. regime - Experimental regime (low heterozygosity - LH; medium heterozygosity - MH; high heterozygosity - HH)<br> 2. rep.id - Repetition ID<br> 3. mites.no - Number of mites found on one plant<br> 4. plant.no - Number of plant examinated<br> </p> <p><strong>Filename: </strong>3_Dispersal_colonisation_data</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. regime - Experimental regime (low heterozygosity - LH; medium heterozygosity - MH; high heterozygosity - HH)<br> 2. rep.no - Number of repetition within regime<br> 3. rep.id - Repetition ID<br> 4. mite.id - Individual mite ID<br> 5. plant.no - Number of plant examinated<br> 6. dds - Developmental stage of dispersing individual<br> 7. egg.no - Number of eggs laid<br> 8. F1_f.sex - Number of individuals developing into females<br> 9. F1_m.sex - Number of individuals developing into males</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Filename: </strong>4_Sex_ratio</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. regime - Experimental regime (low heterozygosity - LH; medium heterozygosity - MH; high heterozygosity - HH)<br> 2. source - The source of the tested population (predisperal or postdispersal)<br> 3. rep.id - Repetition ID<br> 4. females.no - Number of females found in a population<br> 5. males.no - Number of males found in a population</p>
Datasets regarding agricultural colonisation of riverine islands of Huallaga River, Peru. Shiringal locality
<p>Data</p>
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