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116 results for “Competition for resources”

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dryad36/100

Resource availability, competition, and the web structure of western black widows

This dataset originates from an experiment using black widow spiders (Latrodectus hesperus) originally collected from Davis, California, United-States and brought to the University of Arizona, where they were maintained under laboratory condition for 12 months. Spiders were then transferred to Pierre-Olivier Montiglio's laboratory in Montreal in Canada, where they were kept for a month prior to the experiment. During this time, spiders were housed in individual plastic containers (946 ml) at 23˚C ± 1.50 and 25 % humidity ± 8.94 with a photoperiod of 12h, and fed a single live house cricket (Acheta domesticus) every two weeks. Spiders were then fed for 8 weeks either a cricket every three weeks (Restricted treatment), a cricket every two weeks (Intermediate treatment), or a cricket every week (Ad libitum treatment) for 8 weeks. Each spider experienced each of the three food treatments in an order that was randomly determined. At the end of each 8-week food treatment, spiders were left to weave a web for a week in an individual standardized cardboard frame (31 x 17 x 24 cm). For each session of web construction, we monitored the structure of the web (i.e., proportion of structural threads over trap threads), body weight loss, and web weight. See Toupin et al. 2022 in Behavioral Ecology for further information on the data and the experiment. The experiment was designed and conducted by Louis-Philippe Toupin and Pierre-Olivier Montiglio. The data were organized and formatted for Dryad by Pierre-Olivier Montiglio.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Effects of nest-site availability on male-male competition and the foraging costs associated with paternal care in a resource-defense species

Effects of nest-site availability on male-male competition and associated costs of nest site maintenance and paternal care in a resource-defense species This repository contains the .csv files used for the statistical analyses of the study "Effects of nest-site availability on male-male competition and associated costs of nest site maintenance and paternal care in a resource-defense species". In case of questions, please email Laís A. Grossel: <a href="mailto:laisgrossel@gmail.com">laisgrossel@gmail.com</a> Data files and structure We have files for the analysis with field and experimental data. With the file field.csv we tested the probability of males obtaining a nest and receiving eggs from females. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>maleID: identity of males in the field</li> <li>DSW: dorsal scute width, in mm</li> <li>mass: to the nearest 0.001 g</li> <li>nest_possession: with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not possess a nest and 1 if the male possessed a nest</li> <li>nest_opening: in cm</li> <li>parental_status: with 3 levels: 0 if the male did not have a nest, 1: if the male had a nest but no eggs, and 2: if the male had a nest and eggs</li> </ul> With the file experiment_nests.csv we tested predictions related with the nest possession. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>terrariaID: identity of the 14 terraria (containing 4 or 8 nests)</li> <li>exp_group: experimental group, with 2 levels of nests availability: low (4 nests per terraria) and high (8 nests per terraria)</li> <li>nestID: identity of the nests</li> <li>occupation: if the nest was once occupied during the experiment, with 2 levels: 0 if it was never occupied and 1 if it was occupied at least once</li> <li>occupied_scans: number of scans with any male inside the nest</li> <li>vacant_scans: number of scans without any male inside the nest</li> <li>total_scans: total number of observation scans </li> <li>owners: number of different owners of the nest (at least 6 consecutive scans)</li> <li>turnover: if there was at least a substitution of the nest owner without figths, with 2 levels: 0 if there was not any substitution and 1 if there was a substitution</li> <li>turnovers_number: number of substitutions of the nest owner without figths</li> <li>takeover: if there was at least a takeover attempt of the nest after figths, with 2 levels: 0 if there was not any attempt and 1 if there was an attempt</li> <li>takeovers_number: number of takeover attempts of the nest after figths</li> <li>fight: if there was at least a figth inside or close to the nest, with 2 levels: 0 if there was not any figth and 1 if there was a figth</li> <li>fights_number: number of figths inside or close to the nest</li> <li>canibalism: if there was at least a cannibalism event inside the nest, 2 levels: 0 if there was not any cannibalism event and 1 if there was a cannibalism event</li> <li>canibalism_number: number of cannibalism events inside the nest</li> </ul> With the file experiment_males.csv we tested predictions related to the males owners. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>terrariaID: identity of the 14 terraria (containing 4 or 8 nests)</li> <li>exp_group: experimental group, with 2 levels of nests availability: low (4 nests per terraria) and high (8 nests per terraria)</li> <li>maleID: identitity of the males</li> <li>DSW: dorsal scute width, in mm</li> <li>nest_possession: with 2 levels: 0 if the male never possessed a nest during the experiment and 1 if the male possessed a nest at least once (6 consecutive scans)</li> <li>nestID: identity of the nest possessed by the male</li> <li>inside_scans: number of scans with the male inside his nest</li> <li>outside_scans: number of scans with the male outside his nest</li> <li>total_scans: total number of scans in which the male was the owner of the nest</li> <li>takeover: if the male suffered a takeover attempt of his nest, with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not suffer any attempt and 1 if the male suffered an attempt</li> <li>eggs: if the male received eggs from a female, with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not receive eggs and 1 if the male received eggs</li> <li>eggs_number: number of eggs received </li> <li>cannibalism: if the owner male cannibalized the eggs inside the nest, 2 levels: 0 if the male did not cannibalize eggs and 1 if the male cannibalized eggs</li> <li>cannibalism_number: number of cannibalism events by the owner male </li> </ul> With the file fights-takeovers.csv we tested predictions related with nest takeovers. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>terrariaID: identity of the 14 terraria (containing 4 or 8 nests)</li> <li>exp_group: experimental group, with 2 levels of nests availability: low (4 nests per terraria) and high (8 nests per terraria)</li> <li>nestID: identity of the nest possessed by the male</li> <li>focalID: identitity of the focal males (the owner nest)</li> <li>DSW: dorsal scute width, in mm</li> <li>fight: if the male was involved in at least a figth, with 2 levels: 0 if the male was not involved in any figth and 1 if the male was involved in a figth</li> <li>takeover: if the male suffered a takeover attempt of his nest, with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not suffer any attempt and 1 if the male suffered an attempt. Obs: the nest takeover always happens after a fight. If there was a takeover, then there was a fight too.</li> <li>res_focal: result of the figth or takeover for the focal male, with 2 levels: 0 if the focal male did not lose the figth or the nest and 1 if the focal male lost the figth or the nest</li> <li>intruderID: identity of the intruder male involved in the figth or the takeover with the owner male</li> <li>intruder_DSL: dorsal scute width of the intruder male, in mm</li> <li>dyad: identity of the two individuals involved in the figth or takeover (owner male and intruder male)</li> <li>DSW_difference: difference between the dorsal scute width of the dyad (focal male minus intruder male)</li> </ul> With the file foraging.csv we tested a prediction related with males foraging. In this file, we have the headers: <ul> <li>terrariaID: identity of the 14 terraria (containing 4 or 8 nests)</li> <li>exp_group: experimental group, with 2 levels of nests availability: low (4 nests per terraria) and high (8 nests per terraria)</li> <li>nestID: identity of the nest possessed by the male</li> <li>maleID: identitity of the males</li> <li>parental_status: with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not have eggs in the nest and 1: if the male had eggs</li> <li>inside_scans: number of scans with the male inside his nest</li> <li>outside_scans: number of scans with the male outside his nest</li> <li>total_scans: total number of scans in which the male was the owner of the nest</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Competition between mixo- and heterotrophic ciliates under dynamic resource supply

The outcome of species competition strongly depends on the traits of the competitors and associated trade-offs, as well as on environmental variability. Here we investigate the relevance of consumer trait variation for species coexistence in a ciliate consumer – microalgal prey system under fluctuating regimes of resource supply. We focus on consumer competition and feeding traits, and specifically on the consumer's ability to overcome periods of resource limitation by mixotrophy, i. e. the ability of photosynthetic carbon fixation via algal symbionts in addition to phagotrophy. In a 48-day chemostat experiment, we investigated competitive interactions of different heterotrophic and mixotrophic ciliates of the genera Euplotes and Coleps under different resource regimes, providing prey either continuously or in pulses under constant or fluctuating light, entailing periods of resource depletion in fluctuating environments, but overall providing the same amount of prey and light. Although ultimate competition results remained unaffected, population dynamics of mixotrophic and heterotrophic ciliates were significantly altered by resource supply mode. However, the effects differed among species combinations and changed over time. Whether mixotrophs or heterotrophs dominated in competition strongly depended on the genera of the competing species and thus species-specific differences in the minimum resource requirements that are associated with feeding on shared prey, nutrient uptake, light harvesting and access to additional resources such as bacteria. Potential differences in the curvature of the species' resource-dependent growth functions may have further mediated the species-specific responses to the different resource supply modes. Overall, our study demonstrates that genus- or species-specific traits other than related to nutritional mode may override the relevance of acquired phototrophy by heterotrophs in competitive interactions, and that the potential advantage of photosynthetic carbon fixation of symbiont-bearing mixotrophs in competition with pure heterotrophs may differ greatly among different mixotrophs, playing out under different environmental conditions and depending on the specific requirements of the species. Complex trophic interactions determine the outcome of competition, which can only be understood by taking on a multidimensional trait perspective.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Support data for conference paper "Assessment of Communication Resource Allocation by the Transmission Control Protocol for the Target Virtual Connection under Competitive Conditions"

Support data for article V. Kovtun, O. Kovtun, K. Grochla, and K. Połys, “Assessment of Communication Resource Allocation by the Transmission Control Protocol for the Target Virtual Connection under Competitive Conditions,” Electronics, vol. 13, no. 7. MDPI AG, p. 1180, Mar. 22, 2024. doi: 10.3390/electronics13071180. <div> This research is part of the project No. 2022/45/P/ST7/03450 co-funded by the National Science Centre and the European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 945339. </div>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Resource competition shapes biological rhythms and promotes temporal niche differentiation in a community simulation

This is the code and dataset for the article entitled "Resource competition shapes biological rhythms and promotes temporal niche differentiation in a community simulation," in the journal Ecology and Evolution. <ul> <li>Competition for resources often contributes strongly to defining an organism's ecological niche. Endogenous biological rhythms are important adaptations to the temporal dimension of niches, but how other organisms influence such temporal niches have not been much studied, and the role of competition in particular has been even less examined. We investigated how interspecific and intraspecific competition for resources shape an organism's activity rhythms.</li> <li>To do this, we simulated communities of one or two species in an agent-based model. Individuals in the simulation move according to a circadian activity rhythm and compete for limited resources. Probability of reproduction is proportional to an individual's success in obtaining resources. Offspring may have variance in rhythm parameters, which allow for the population to evolve over time.</li> <li>We demonstrate that when organisms are arrhythmic, one species will always be competitively excluded from the environment, but the existence of activity rhythms allows niche differentiation and indefinite coexistence of the two species. Two species which are initially active at the same phase will differentiate their phase angle of entrainment over time to avoid each other. When only one species is present in an environment, competition within the species strongly selects for niche expansion through arrhythmicity, but the addition of an interspecific competitor facilitates evolution of increased rhythmic amplitude when combined with additional adaptations for temporal specialization. Finally, if individuals preferentially mate with others who are active at similar times of day, then disruptive selection by intraspecific competition can split one population into two reproductively isolated groups separated in activity time.</li> <li>These simulations suggest that biological rhythms are an effective method to temporally differentiate ecological niches, and that competition is an important ecological pressure promoting the evolution of rhythms and sleep. This is the first study to use ecological modeling to examine biological rhythms.</li> </ul>

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Fluctuations in resource availability shape the competitive balance among non-native plant species

Fluctuating resource availability plays a critical role in determining non-native plant invasions by mediating the competitive balance between non-native and native species. However, the impact of fluctuating resource availability on interactions among non-native species remains largely unknown. This represents a barrier to understanding invasion mechanisms, particularly in habitats that harbor multiple non-native species with different responses to fluctuating resource availability. To examine the responses of non-native plant species to nutrient fluctuations, we compared the growth of each of 12 non-native species found to be common in local natural areas to nutrients supplied at a constant rate or supplied as a single large pulse in a pot experiment. We found that seven species produced more biomass with pulsed nutrients compared to constant nutrients (hereafter 'benefitting species'), while the other five species did not differ between nutrient enrichment treatments (hereafter 'non-benefitting species'). To investigate how nutrient fluctuations influence the interactions among non-native plant species, we established experimental non-native communities in the field with two benefitting and two non-benefitting non-native species. Compared with constant nutrient supply, the single large pulse of nutrients did not influence community biomass, but strongly increased the biomass and cover of the benefitting species and decreased those of the non-benefitting species. Furthermore, the benefitting species had higher leaf N content and greater plant height when nutrients were supplied as a single large pulse than at a constant rate, whereas the non-benefitting species showed no differences in leaf N content and were shorter when nutrients were supplied as a single large pulse than at a constant rate. Our results add to the growing evidence that the individual responses of non-native species to nutrient fluctuation are species-specific. More importantly, benefitting species were favored by nutrients coming in a pulse, while non-benefitting ones were favored by nutrients coming constantly when they grew together. This suggests that nutrient fluctuations can mediate the competitive balance among non-native plants and may thus determine their invasion success in a community harbouring multiple non-native plant species.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Resource competition drives an invasion-replacement event among shrew species on an island

Invasive mammals are responsible for the majority of native species' extinctions on islands. While most of these extinction events will be due to novel interactions between species (e.g. exotic predators and naive prey), it is more unusual to find incidences where a newly invasive species cause the decline/extinction of a native species on an island when they normally coexist elsewhere in their overlapping mainland ranges. We investigated if resource competition between two insectivorous small mammals was playing a significant role in the rapid replacement of the native pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) in the presence of the recently invading greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) on the island of Ireland. We used DNA metabarcoding of gut contents from >300 individuals of both species to determine each species' diet and measured the body size (weight and length) during different stages of the invasion in Ireland (before, during, and after the species come into contact with one another) and on a French island where both species have long coexisted (acting as a natural 'control' site). Dietary composition, niche width, and overlap, and body size were compared in these different stages. The body size of the invasive C. russula and the composition of its diet change between when it first invades an area and after it becomes established. During the initial stages of the invasion, individual shrews are larger and consume larger-sized invertebrate prey species. During the later stages of the invasion, C. russula switch to consuming smaller prey taxa that are more essential for the native species. As a result, the level of interspecific dietary overlap increases from between 11–14% when they first come into contact with each other to between 39–46% after the invasion. Here we show that an invasive species can quickly alter its dietary niche in a new environment, ultimately causing the replacement of a native species. In addition, the invasive shrew could also be potentially exhausting the local resources of larger invertebrate species. These subsequent changes in terrestrial invertebrate communities could have severe impacts further downstream on ecosystem functioning and services.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Data for: Fitness costs of female competition linked to resource defence and relatedness of competitors

Female reproductive success is often limited by access to resources and this can lead to social competition both within and between kin groups. Theory predicts that both resource availability and relatedness should influence the fitness consequences of social competition. However, testing key predictions requires differentiating the effects of these two factors. Here we achieve this experimentally by manipulating the social environment of house mice, a facultative communal breeding species with known kin discrimination ability. Our results support the hypothesis that resource defence can be costly for females, potentially trading off against maternal investment. When competition for nest sites was more intense, subjects: 1) were more active during resting phases, 2) responded more strongly to simulated territory intrusions via competitive signalling, and 3) produced smaller weaned offspring. However, we found no evidence that the propensity for kin to cooperate was influenced by relatedness of rivals. Communal breeding between sisters occurred independently of the relatedness of competitors, and costs of competition with non-kin were not mitigated by greater inclusive fitness benefits. Rather, communally breeding sisters weaned fewer offspring when competing with unrelated females, indicating that competition with non-kin is more costly overall. Our findings thus demonstrate that social competition has fitness costs and that associating with kin is beneficial to avoid negative fitness consequences of competing with non-kin, in addition to more widely recognised kin-selected benefits.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

dryad36/100