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115 results for “Controversy”
Data from: Addressing controversies in the xylem embolism resistance – vessel diameter relationship
<ol> <li class="MsoNormal">Although xylem embolism is a key process during drought-induced tree mortality, its relationship to wood anatomy remains debated. While the functional link between bordered pits and embolism resistance is known, there is no direct, mechanistic explanation for the traditional assumption that wider vessels are more vulnerable than narrow ones.</li> <li class="MsoNormal">We used data from 20 temperate broad-leaved tree species to study the inter- and intraspecific relationship of water potential at 50% loss of conductivity (<em>P</em><sub>50</sub>) with hydraulically-weighted vessel diameter (<em>D</em><sub>h</sub>) and tested its link to pit membrane thickness (<em>T</em><sub>PM</sub>) and specific conductivity (<em>K</em><sub>s</sub>) on species level.</li> <li class="MsoNormal">Embolism-resistant species had thick pit membranes and narrow vessels. While <em>D</em><sub>h</sub> was weakly associated with <em>T</em><sub>PM</sub>, the <em>P</em><sub>50</sub> – <em>D</em><sub>h</sub> relationship remained highly significant after accounting for <em>T</em><sub>PM</sub>. The interspecific pattern between <em>P</em><sub>50</sub> and <em>D</em><sub>h</sub> was mirrored by a link between <em>P</em><sub>50</sub> and <em>K</em><sub>s</sub>, but there was no evidence for an intraspecific relationship.</li> <li class="MsoNormal">Our results provide robust evidence for an interspecific <em>P</em><sub>50</sub> – <em>D</em><sub>h</sub> relationship across our species. As a potential cause for the inconsistencies in published <em>P</em><sub>50</sub> – <em>D</em><sub>h</sub> relationships, our analysis suggests differences in the range of traits values covered, and the level of data aggregation (species, tree, or sample level) studied.</li> </ol>
Data from: Robust phylogenomics settles controversies of classification and reveals evolution of male embolic complex of the Laufeia clade (Araneae, Salticidae, Euophryini)
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Data from: Genomic and plumage variation across the historically controversial Baltimore and Bullock’s oriole hybrid zone
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Data from: Addressing controversies in the xylem embolism resistance – vessel diameter relationship
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Data from: Genomics overrules mitochondrial DNA, siding with morphology on a controversial case of species delimitation
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Data from: Congruent species delimitation of two controversial gold-thread nanmu tree species based on morphological and restriction site-associated DNA sequencing data
Species delimitation is fundamental to conservation and sustainable use of economically important forest tree species. However, the delimitation of two highly valued gold-thread nanmu species (Phoebe bournei and P. zhennan) has been confusing and debated. To address this problem, we integrated morphology and restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to define their species boundaries. We obtained highly consistent results from both data sets, supporting two distinct lineages corresponding to P. bournei and P. zhennan. In Phoebe bournei, higher order leaf venation is more prominent, petioles are thicker and leaf apex angle is narrower, compared to P. zhennan. Both data sets also showed that putative P. bournei localities from north-eastern Guizhou were P. zhennan. The two species have different distributions and only overlap in the Wuling Mountains. Phoebe bournei occurs mainly in Central Fujian, southern Jiangxi, the Nanling Mountains and the Wuling Mountains, whereas P. zhennan is found in the adjoining eastern regions of the Qionglai Mountains, the Southern Sichuan Hills and the Wuling Mountains. The improved delimitation of P. bournei and P. zhennan and clarification of their ranges provide a better guidance for conservation and sustainable utilization of these tree species.
Data from: Bayesian analysis of a morphological supermatrix sheds light on controversial fossil hominin relationships
The phylogenetic relationships of several hominin species remain controversial. Two methodological issues contribute to the uncertainty—use of partial, inconsistent datasets and reliance on phylogenetic methods that are ill-suited to testing competing hypotheses. Here, we report a study designed to overcome these issues. We first compiled a supermatrix of craniodental characters for all widely accepted hominin species. We then took advantage of recently developed Bayesian methods for building trees of serially sampled tips to test among hypotheses that have been put forward in three of the most important current debates in hominin phylogenetics—the relationship between Australopithecus sediba and Homo, the taxonomic status of the Dmanisi hominins, and the place of the so-called hobbit fossils from Flores, Indonesia, in the hominin tree. Based on our results, several published hypotheses can be statistically rejected. For example, the data do not support the claim that Dmanisi hominins and all other early Homo specimens represent a single species, nor that the hobbit fossils are the remains of small-bodied modern humans, one of whom had Down syndrome. More broadly, our study provides a new baseline dataset for future work on hominin phylogeny and illustrates the promise of Bayesian approaches for understanding hominin phylogenetic relationships.
Data from: A new earthworm species within a controversial genus: Eiseniona gerardoi sp. n. (Annelida, Lumbricidae) - description based on morphological and molecular data.
The morphological and anatomical simplicity of soil dwelling animals, such as earthworms, has limited the establishment of a robust taxonomy making it sometimes subjective to authors' criteria. Within this context, integrative approaches including molecular information are becoming more popular to solve the phylogenetic positioning of conflictive taxa. Here we present the description of a new lumbricid species from the region of Extremadura (Spain), Eiseniona gerardoi sp. n. The assignment to this genus is based on both a morphological and a phylogenetic study. The validity of the genus Eiseniona, one of the most controversial within Lumbricidae, is discussed. A synopsis of the differences between the type species and the west-European members of the genus is provided.
Distribution. Andes Mountains of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Boliva, with controversial evidence of existence in N Argentina. in Ursidae
Distribution. Andes Mountains of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Boliva, with controversial evidence of existence in N Argentina.
FIGURE 2 in Nomenclatural issues in ornithology: the incredible controversy on the identity of a long overlooked Brazilian bird
FIGURE 2. Maps based on known collecting localities for all the Brazilian species of Scytalopus. Environmental suitability for each one of the six species was estimated through ecological niche modeling, where warmer colors (red) indicate higher suitability. The original collecting locality of the type specimen of S. speluncae is indicated with a black triangle, but that locality was excluded from all of the analysis. A: light-grey taxon described in 2010 as S. petrophilus; B: dark-grey taxon described in 2006 as S. notorius; C: S. diamantinensis; D: S. iraiensis; E: S. novacapitalis; F: S. pachecoi. Abbreviations of the names of Brazilian states indicated in figure C are as follows: BA: Bahia; ES: Espírito Santo; GO: Goiás; MG: Minas Gerais; PR: Paraná; RJ: Rio de Janeiro; RS: Rio Grande do Sul; SC: Santa Catarina; SP: São Paulo. Brasília, the type locality of S. novacapitalis, is the square in the state of Goiás.
FIGURE 1 in Nomenclatural issues in ornithology: the incredible controversy on the identity of a long overlooked Brazilian bird
FIGURE 1. Map of Eastern Brazil with collecting localities of the species of Scytalopus (based on data from Maurício et al., 2010). Purple circle, S. diamantinensis Bornschein, Maurício, Belmonte-Lopes, Mata & Bonatto, 2007; light-blue circle, S. iraiensis Bornschein, Reinert & Pichorim, 1998; white circle, S. novacapitalis Sick, 1958, grey circle, S. pachecoi Maurício, 2005. The type locality where the original specimen of S. speluncae (Ménétriés, 1835) was obtained is indicated with a black triangle. Collecting localities of the dark-grey form recently described as S. notorius Raposo, Stopiglia, Loskot & Kirwan, 2006 is indicated with dark-blue circles and the light-grey form recently described as S. petrophilus Whitney, Vasconcelos, Silveira & Pacheco, 2010 is indicated with olive-green squares. Either S. notorius or S. petrophilus is a subjective junior synonym of S. speluncae. Habitat elevation is indicated in intervals of 400m with dark green being ground level and up to 400m.
FIGURE 7 in Molecular analysis of five controversial Balkanic species of Allolobophora (sensu lato) Eisen, 1873 (Lumbricidae, Clitellata) with emendation of the genus Cernosvitovia Omodeo, 1956
FIGURE 7. External morphology of Cernosvitovia treskavicensis (Mršić, 1991). a. Live specimen. b. Fixed specimen. c. Schematic drawing according to Mršić (1991; p. 165; fig. 44C). Scale bar = 0.36 cm.
FIGURE 8 in Molecular analysis of five controversial Balkanic species of Allolobophora (sensu lato) Eisen, 1873 (Lumbricidae, Clitellata) with emendation of the genus Cernosvitovia Omodeo, 1956
FIGURE 8. Shapes of typhlosoles according to Mršić (1991; p. 28; fig. 6H, 6K, 6L, 6U, 6C). a. Cernosvitovia dofleini and Cernosvitovia paratuleskovi. b. Cernosvitovia serbica. c. Cernosvitovia strumicae. d. Cernosvitovia treskavicensis
FIGURE 5 in Molecular analysis of five controversial Balkanic species of Allolobophora (sensu lato) Eisen, 1873 (Lumbricidae, Clitellata) with emendation of the genus Cernosvitovia Omodeo, 1956
FIGURE 5. External morphology of Cernosvitovia serbica (Šapkarev, 1977). a. Live specimen. b. Fixed specimen. c. Schematic drawing according to Mršić (1991; p. 195; fig. 50C). Scale bar = 0.36 cm.
FIGURE 4 in Molecular analysis of five controversial Balkanic species of Allolobophora (sensu lato) Eisen, 1873 (Lumbricidae, Clitellata) with emendation of the genus Cernosvitovia Omodeo, 1956
FIGURE 4. External morphology of Cernosvitovia paratuleskovi (Šapkarev, 1975). a. Live specimen. b. Fixed specimen. c. Schematic drawing according to Mršić (1991; p. 206; fig. 52B). Scale bar = 5 cm.
FIGURE 3 in Molecular analysis of five controversial Balkanic species of Allolobophora (sensu lato) Eisen, 1873 (Lumbricidae, Clitellata) with emendation of the genus Cernosvitovia Omodeo, 1956
FIGURE 3. External morphology of Cernosvitovia dofleini (Ude, 1922). a. Live specimen. b. Fixed specimen. c. Schematic drawing according to Mršić (1991; p. 181; fig. 49A). Scale bar = 5 cm.
FIGURE 2 in Molecular analysis of five controversial Balkanic species of Allolobophora (sensu lato) Eisen, 1873 (Lumbricidae, Clitellata) with emendation of the genus Cernosvitovia Omodeo, 1956
FIGURE 2. Detail of the phylogenetic tree obtained by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequence of molecular markers COI-16S-12S-ND1-28S (see full tree in Appendix. Species newly included in this work are shown in bold. The grey box indicates the genus-level clade comprising C. rebeli and its closest relatives. Representatives of the other Lumbricidae genera included in this work have been collapsed. For the full tree, see Appendix. Posterior probability support values are shown besides the corresponding nodes
FIGURE 1 in Molecular analysis of five controversial Balkanic species of Allolobophora (sensu lato) Eisen, 1873 (Lumbricidae, Clitellata) with emendation of the genus Cernosvitovia Omodeo, 1956
FIGURE 1. Tectonic and geographic map of the Kopaonik Mountain in Serbia (Toljić et al. 2019; Google Maps 2022)
FIGURE 6 in Molecular analysis of five controversial Balkanic species of Allolobophora (sensu lato) Eisen, 1873 (Lumbricidae, Clitellata) with emendation of the genus Cernosvitovia Omodeo, 1956
FIGURE 6. External morphology of Cernosvitovia strumicae (Šapkarev, 1973). a. Live specimen. b. Fixed specimen. c. Schematic drawing according to Mršić (1991; p. 183; fig. 49B). Scale bar = 0.36 cm.
Touché22-Argument-Retrieval-for-Controversial-Questions
<p>Data for the <a href="https://touche.webis.de/clef22/touche22-web/argument-retrieval-for-controversial-questions.html">Argument Retrieval for Controversial Questions task</a> at Touché 2022.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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