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38 results for “Costaceae”
Data for: Ecological and evolutionary origin of Costus flammulus (Costaceae): A new species from the montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica
<p><span><em>Costus</em> <em>flammulus</em> is a new herbaceous species endemic to montane cloud forests of </span><span>the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica. <em>Costus</em> <em>flammulus</em> has been mistaken </span><span>for <em>C</em>. <em>wilsonii</em>, but phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that it is closely related to the </span><span>widespread lowland species <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em>. Here, we used an integrated </span><span>framework of species concepts to evaluate whether <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> and <em>C</em>. </span><span><em>pulverulentus</em> are distinct species. First, we re-evaluate prior phylogenetic analyses to </span><span>assess whether <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> bifurcated from or budded off from within <em>C</em>. </span><span><em>pulverulentus</em> and whether <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> is monophyletic. We then compare </span><span>phenotypic traits to determine which diagnostic vegetative and inflorescence traits can </span><span>be used to identify species in herbarium specimens and examine whether floral traits </span><span>may confer floral isolation. We compare pollinator assemblages to examine whether </span><span>pollinator specificity may contribute to reproductive isolation. Finally, we model species </span><span>distributions and climatic niche overlap to assess ecogeographic isolation. We found </span><span>that <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> is a monophyletic species phenotypically, ecologically, and </span><span>geographically distinct from <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em> and may have speciated as a peripheral </span><span>isolate at the high elevation range edge of <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em>. Several lines of </span><span>evidence, such as <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em> paraphyly, range size asymmetry, and C. </span><span>flammulus' nested distribution and vegetative traits, suggest that <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> </span><span>budded off from a <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em>‐like progenitor species, evolving to tolerate a </span><span>colder and more seasonal montane environment.</span></p>
Data for: Ecological and evolutionary origin of Costus flammulus (Costaceae): A new species from the montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica
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Patterns of speciation are similar across mountainous and lowland regions for a Neotropical plant radiation (Costaceae: Costus)
High species richness and endemism in tropical mountains are recognized as major contributors to the latitudinal diversity gradient. The processes underlying mountain speciation, however, are largely untested. The prevalence of steep ecogeographic gradients and the geographic isolation of populations by topographic features are predicted to promote speciation in mountains. We evaluate these processes in a species-rich Neotropical genus of understory herbs that range from the lowlands to montane forests and have higher species richness in topographically complex regions. We ask whether climatic niche divergence, geographic isolation, and pollination shifts differ between mountain-influenced and lowland Amazonian sister pairs inferred from a 756-gene phylogeny. Neotropical <i>Costus</i> ancestors diverged in Central America during a period of mountain formation in the last 3 My with later colonization of Amazonia. Although climatic divergence, geographic isolation, and pollination shifts are prevalent in general, these factors don't differ between mountain-influenced and Amazonian sister pairs. Despite higher climatic niche and species diversity in the mountains, speciation modes in <i>Costus</i> appear similar across regions. Thus, greater species richness in tropical mountains may reflect differences in colonization history, diversification rates, or the prevalence of rapidly evolving plant life forms, rather than differences in speciation mode.
FIGURE 3 in Evolution of species diversity in the genus Chamaecostus (Costaceae): molecular phylogenetics and morphometric approaches
FIGURE 3. Box and whisker plots of three significantly different morphometric variables between Chamaecostus cuspidatus (n=14), Chamaecostus subsessilis s.str. (n=51) and Chamaecostus acaulis comb. nov. (n=83), showing means, quartiles and ranges. A—Leaf length (cm); B—Leaf Maximum Width (cm); C—Leaf Area (cm2).
FIGURE 4. Chamaecostus acaulis comb. nov. and Chamaecostus subsessilis s in Evolution of species diversity in the genus Chamaecostus (Costaceae): molecular phylogenetics and morphometric approaches
FIGURE 4. Chamaecostus acaulis comb. nov. and Chamaecostus subsessilis s.str.. (B) photo by W.W.Thomas. (D) photo by D.Skinner.
FIGURE 1 in Evolution of species diversity in the genus Chamaecostus (Costaceae): molecular phylogenetics and morphometric approaches
FIGURE 1. Schematic representation of measured morphometric variables; LL—Leaf Length, LW—Leaf Maximum Width, AA—Apex Angle, BA—Base Angle.
Data from: Adaptation to seasonal drought in two closely related species of Neotropical Costus (Costaceae)
Seasonal drought has been shown to greatly influence the distributions and species composition of plants in tropical rainforests. By conducting a series of field, greenhouse, and growth chamber experiments, we examined how Costus villosissimus, a forest edge species, has adapted to drought and differentiated from C. allenii, its closely related species in the understory. We hypothesize that delayed seed germination and high drought tolerance may lead to habitat differentiation and thus reproductive isolation between closely related plant species in the tropics.
FIGURE 4. Parahellenia trongduyii. A. Habit. B, C. Inflorescences. D in Taxonomic studies on Parahellenia (Costaceae) in Vietnam: a new species, P. trongduyii, and a new combination, P. candida
FIGURE 4. Parahellenia trongduyii. A. Habit. B, C. Inflorescences. D. Flower (top view). E. Flower (front view). F. Flower (lateral view). G. Stamen and style (lateral view). Photos by M.S. Nuraliev from Nuraliev 1673.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic studies on Parahellenia (Costaceae) in Vietnam: a new species, P. trongduyii, and a new combination, P. candida
FIGURE 3. Parahellenia trongduyii: floral morphology. A. Inflorescences with flowers. B. Inflorescence (lateral view). C. Flower dissection. D. Flower (longitudinal section) showing floral tube fused more than halfway with the style base. E. Stamen (from left to right: abaxial view, adaxial view and lateral view). F. Stigma (from left to right: lateral view, abaxial view and adaxial view). G. From left to right: a fruit with bract, bracteole and calyx, and a fruit (longitudinally dissected) showing seeds. Photos by V.C. Nguyen from the type V.C. Nguyen & V.K. Nguyen CD 01.
FIGURE 1. Parahellenia trongduyii. A. Rhizome with a terminal bud. B. Leafy shoot. C. Nodes with leaf bases. D in Taxonomic studies on Parahellenia (Costaceae) in Vietnam: a new species, P. trongduyii, and a new combination, P. candida
FIGURE 1. Parahellenia trongduyii. A. Rhizome with a terminal bud. B. Leafy shoot. C. Nodes with leaf bases. D. Node with an axillary bud. E. Inflorescence with flowers. F. Bract, bracteole, ovary and calyx. G. Flower. H. Flower (calyx, corolla lobes and labellum removed). I. Longitudinal section of a flower. J. Corolla lobes (abaxial and adaxial views). K. Stamen and labellum. L. Longitudinal sections of a fruit. M. Stamen (abaxial and adaxial views). N. Stamen (lateral view). O. Stigma (from left to right: lateral view, abaxial view and adaxial view). Drawn by Mr. D.H. Cui from the type V.C. Nguyen & V.K. Nguyen CD 01.
Data from: Adaptation to seasonal drought in two closely related species of Neotropical Costus (Costaceae)
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Patterns of speciation are similar across mountainous and lowland regions for a Neotropical plant radiation (Costaceae: Costus)
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Figure 1 from: Leong-Škorničková J, Böhmová A, Trần HĐ (2022) A new species and new combination in basally flowering Vietnam Costaceae. PhytoKeys 190: 103-111. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.190.76494
Figure 1 ACheilocostus globosus, Singapore BCheilocostus tonkinensis (Gagnep.) Škorničk., Vietnam, photographed at the type locality. Photo by Jana Leong-Škorničková.
Figure 3 from: Leong-Škorničková J, Böhmová A, Trần HĐ (2022) A new species and new combination in basally flowering Vietnam Costaceae. PhytoKeys 190: 103-111. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.190.76494
Figure 3 Cheilocostus candidus Škorničk., Böhmová & H.Ð.Trần sp. nov. A habit B leaves C detail of young stem with pulvini and bases of leaf blades D detail of young and old stems covered with leaf sheaths E detail of lower surface of the leaf blade. Based on plant used to prepare the type specimen Leong-Škorničková GRC-421, photo by Jana Leong-Škorničková.
Figure 2 from: Leong-Škorničková J, Böhmová A, Trần HĐ (2022) A new species and new combination in basally flowering Vietnam Costaceae. PhytoKeys 190: 103-111. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.190.76494
Figure 2 Cheilocostus candidus Škorničk., Böhmová & H.Ð.Trần sp. nov. A old and young inflorescence B flower C flower dissection (from left): bract, bracteole, calyx, ovary, dorsal corolla lobe, two lateral corolla lobes, floral and staminal tube with stamen attached, labellum D detail of floral (ft) and staminal tube (st) with stamen attached from side and dorsal view E detail of floral and staminal tube dissected with stamen attached to dorsal half (inset: detail of stigma). Based on plant used to prepare the type specimen Leong-Škorničková GRC-421, photo by Jana Leong-Škorničková.
Map 8 in Monograph of African Costaceae
Map 8 Distribution of Costus lateriflorus Baker.
Map 3 in Monograph of African Costaceae
Map 3 Distribution of Costus afer Ker Gawl.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic studies on Parahellenia (Costaceae) in Vietnam: a new species, P. trongduyii, and a new combination, P. candida
FIGURE 2. Parahellenia trongduyii: vegetative morphology. A, B. Habit. C. Rhizome and leafy shoot. D, E. Nodes with leaf sheaths and petioles. F. Node with bud. G. Rhizome and a terminal bud. Photos by V.C. Nguyen from the type V.C. Nguyen & V.K. Nguyen CD 01.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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