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44 results for “Crocuta crocuta”
Using by-catch camera trapping data for estimating the population size of spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)
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Data from: Epigenetic signatures of social status in wild spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta)
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On following pages: 2. Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta); 3. Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena); 4. Brown Hyena (Parahyaena brunnea). in Hyaenidae
On following pages: 2. Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta); 3. Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena); 4. Brown Hyena (Parahyaena brunnea).
Fig. 5 in Crocuta crocuta (Carnivora: Hyaenidae)
Fig. 5.—Detail of the genitalia of a parous female Crocuta crocuta illustrating the healed (pink) parturition scar. Photograph by Kay Holekamp used with permission.
Fig. 3 in Crocuta crocuta (Carnivora: Hyaenidae)
Fig. 3.—Lateral view of a female (top) and male (bottom) Crocuta crocuta illustrating the more robust neck and torso of females. Drawing by Lily Johnson-Ulrich used with permission.
Figure 3 in Mandibular biomechanics of Crocuta crocuta, Canis lupus, and the late Miocene Dinocrocuta gigantea (Carnivora, Mammalia)
Figure 3. Stress distributions in the mandible of Crocuta crocuta in A, p3; B, p4, and C, m1 biting scenarios. Colour spectrum represents stress magnitude, with blue as low stress and white relatively high stress.
Figure 6 in Mandibular biomechanics of Crocuta crocuta, Canis lupus, and the late Miocene Dinocrocuta gigantea (Carnivora, Mammalia)
Figure 6. Cross-section strain profiles for (from left to right): p3–p4, p4–m1, and post-m1 interdental spaces in A, Crocuta crocuta, B, Dinocrocuta gigantea, and C, Canis lupus during a p3 bite. View is from rostral towards caudal; buccal is to the right.
Figure 2 in Mandibular biomechanics of Crocuta crocuta, Canis lupus, and the late Miocene Dinocrocuta gigantea (Carnivora, Mammalia)
Figure 2. Muscle attachment sites on the mandible finite element models, with Crocuta crocuta as an example. The light areas on top of the ascending ramus and in the mandibular fossa are attachment sites for the temporalis. The light area on the angular process is the attachment site of the masseter. The internal pterygoid attachment (not shown) is on the medial side of the angular process.
Figure 5 in Mandibular biomechanics of Crocuta crocuta, Canis lupus, and the late Miocene Dinocrocuta gigantea (Carnivora, Mammalia)
Figure 5. Median strain values at different bite positions for Crocuta crocuta (open diamond), Canis lupus (filled triangle), and Dinocrocuta gigantea (open square).
Figure 1 in Mandibular biomechanics of Crocuta crocuta, Canis lupus, and the late Miocene Dinocrocuta gigantea (Carnivora, Mammalia)
Figure 1. Photos of specimens used in the study. A, Crocuta crocuta [LACM(Mamm) 30655], left mandible; B, Dinocrocuta gigantea (IVPP V15649), right mandible; C, Canis lupus [LACM(Mamm) 23010], left mandible. Specimens are scaled to approximately the same length in figure. Scale bars [over carnassial tooth (m1)] = 10 mm.
Stable social structure of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) during the dry and wet season in Central Tuli, Botswana
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Data from: Adaptability of large carnivores to changing anthropogenic food sources: diet change of spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) during Christian fasting period in northern Ethiopia
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Public health and economic benefits of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in a peri-urban system
<p>Species that depend on anthropogenic waste for food can remove pathogens that pose health risks to humans and livestock, thereby saving lives and money. Quantifying these benefits is rare, yet can lead to innovative conservation solutions.</p> <p>To assess these benefits, we examined the feeding ecology and population size of peri-urban spotted hyenas (<i>Crocuta crocuta</i>) in Mekelle, Ethiopia. We integrated these field data into a disease transmission model to predict: a) the number of anthrax and bovine tuberculosis (bTB) infections arising in humans and livestock from infected carcass waste, and b) the costs associated with treating these infections and losing livestock. We compared these public health and economic outcomes under two scenarios: a) hyenas are present, and b) the counterfactual, hyenas are absent.</p> <p>We estimated that hyenas annually remove 4.2% (207 tonnes) of the total carcass waste disposed of by residents and businesses in Mekelle. Furthermore, the scavenging behaviour of hyenas annually prevents five infections of anthrax and bTB in humans, and 140 infections in cattle, sheep and goats. This disease control service potentially saves USD 52,165 due to the treatment costs and livestock loss avoided.</p> <p><i>Synthesis and applications</i>. This human-hyena interaction in Ethiopia is evidence that large carnivores can contribute to human health and economy. To retain these benefits and maintain tolerance of hyenas, we recommend: introducing education programs to promote safe outdoor behaviour around hyenas, training watchdogs to alert residents of hyena presence, constructing bomas to protect livestock from hyena attacks, and preserving the hyenas' access to carcass waste to reduce their dependency on livestock predation. With humans and carnivores coming more frequently into contact, understanding and communicating how these species can benefit humanity will be critical to motivating human-carnivore coexistence worldwide.</p>
Spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) feeding ecology and selectivity of large herbivorous prey in the Namib Desert
<p>We have investigated the relationship between spotted hyaenas in the south Namib Desert and large herbivorous prey, and have summarized an updated overview of predator-prey relationships in this resource-limited arid environment. Over the 52-month study, we recorded the densities (#/km<sup>-2</sup>, <u>+</u> SE) of the four local large herbivorous prey species: gemsbok (1.229, <u>+</u> 0.50), springbok (1.352, <u>+</u> 0.48), ostrich (0.648, <u>+</u> 0.23), and greater kudu (0.343, <u>+</u> 0.00). A faecal analysis was performed on 146 collected spotted hyaena scats, and prey items were identified and hairs cross-follicle analysed to the species level. Spotted hyaena diet at the study area remained opportunistic with 240 identified prey items representing eight differing prey species being recorded, ranging from ostrich eggs to large ungulates. The Ivlev's Electivity Index was used to determine which large herbivorous prey was most selected for. Although gemsbok had a higher representation of prey items in the sampled scats, all sampled large herbivorous prey species scored below 0, and are thus generally avoided in relation to their availability in the environment. If any prey preferences are expressed by spotted hyaena in the Namib, it can be presumed to be a non-sampled prey species. We therefore promote further detailed investigations into all other prey species present, and seasonal variations of prey densities and scat sampling, within the study environment.</p>
Data from: Efficacy of spotlights and thermal cameras to detect lions, Panthera leo, and spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta, depends on species and management regime
<p class="MsoNormal">Accurate abundance estimates can contribute to effective management of large carnivore populations. Lion, <em>Panthera leo</em>, and spotted hyena, <em>Crocuta crocuta</em>, populations are frequently estimated at night by eliciting their approach using broadcasted vocalizations. Spotlights are typically used to observe these species on approach but can disturb animals and adversely affect counts. We compared the efficacy of spotlight with red filters and forward looking infrared (FLIR) thermal monocular to enumerate lions and spotted hyenas in Serengeti National Park (SNP; non-hunted area) and Maswa Game Reserve (MGR; hunted area), Tanzania, during 2015−2017. We established 119 call-in sites in SNP and 20 in MGR and conducted repeated call-ins at 1–2 week intervals. During call-ins we conducted systematic paired counts using both devices. We assessed the influence of device order, species, hunting regime, and land cover on species counts. We found that FLIR was more efficacious for counting hyenas in MGR and spotlight for counting lions in SNP. We found evidence for temporary artificial light disturbance in MGR, as counts were higher when FLIR was used as the second device. Habitat type within 200 m of call-in sites did not influence device performances. Greater spotlight efficacy in SNP is a likely consequence of lower perceived risk and less anthropogenic disturbance compared to MGR. To improve accuracy of counts and subsequent population estimates for lions and spotted hyenas, we recommend consideration of variation in device efficacy, based on species surveyed and management regime.</p>
Fig. 1.—A in Crocuta crocuta (Carnivora: Hyaenidae)
Fig. 1.—A sated adult female Crocuta crocuta. Photograph by Marie Lemerle used with permission.
Figure 1 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation
Figure 1. Geographical position of the Zoolithen Cave (Bavaria, southern Germany) with both originals and compared regions with Ice Age spotted hyena den sites, at which Late Pleistocene lion remains were found in northern Germany and central Czech Republic.
Public health and economic benefits of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in a peri-urban system
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Data from: Efficacy of spotlights and thermal cameras to detect lions, Panthera leo, and spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta, depends on species and management regime
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Spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) feeding ecology and selectivity of large herbivorous prey in the Namib Desert
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