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56 results for “Culex pipiens”
Wing geometric morphometrics and COI barcoding of Culex pipiens subgroup in the Republic of Korea
<p>Two members of the <em>Culex pipiens</em> subgroup, <em>Culex pallens</em> and <em>Culex pipiens</em> f. <em>molestus</em>, are known to occur in the Republic of Korea (ROK). These species exhibit morphologically similar features and are challenging to distinguish below the species level. Therefore, this study utilized wing geometric morphometrics (GM) on the right wing of the <em>Culex pipiens</em> subgroup, alongside sequencing of the cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit I (<em>COI</em>) region. Mosquitoes were collected from 11 locations between June and October to minimize regional and seasonal variations. Additionally, <em>Culex pipiens</em> f. <em>pipiens</em>, which is not native to the ROK, was included in the analysis. <em>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</em>, <em>Aedes albopictus</em>, and <em>Anopheles sinensis</em>, the primary vectors in the ROK, were used as outgroups for comparison. All three taxa within the <em>Culex pipiens</em> subgroup could be identified with an 82.4%–97.0% accuracy using GM. However, a comparison of the <em>COI</em> regions of the <em>Culex pipiens</em> subgroup revealed no clear differences between the taxa. These data can be used for accurate identification, contributing to effective mosquito control, in addition to providing a foundation for evolutionary and ecological studies on wing shape differences.</p>
Figure 3 in Distribution and molecular differentiation of Culex pipiens complex species in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea Regions of Turkey
Figure 3. Points of the studied samples for Ace-2 marker.
Figure 2 in Distribution and molecular differentiation of Culex pipiens complex species in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea Regions of Turkey
Figure 2. Distribution of Culex species in sample collection areas.
Figure 1 in Distribution and molecular differentiation of Culex pipiens complex species in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea Regions of Turkey
Figure 1. The study area (study areas are red-lined areas).
Figure 6 in Distribution and molecular differentiation of Culex pipiens complex species in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea Regions of Turkey
Figure 6. Points of the studied samples for CQ11 marker.
Figure 1 in Genetic characterization of field populations of Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) sampled from the Aegean region of Turkey
Figure 1. Map of collection localities for mosquitoes.
Figure 2. A in Genetic characterization of field populations of Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) sampled from the Aegean region of Turkey
Figure 2. A UPGMA dendrogram based on Nei's (1972) genetic distances among C. pipiens populations.
Culex pipiens merged anvi'o profiles from midgut and ovary metagenomes
<p>Anvi’o merged profile databases for <em>Culex pipiens</em> midgut and ovary samples. </p>
Wolbachia MAGs from Culex pipiens midgut and ovary metagenomes
<p><em>Wolbachia</em> MAGs (fasta files) from <em>Culex pipiens</em> midgut and ovary samples. </p>
Table 1 in German CULex pipienS biotype MoLeStUS and CULex torrentiUM are vector-competent for Usutu virus
<p><b>Table 1</b> Infection, dissemination, and transmission rates of mosquitoes infected with the German USUV Africa 2 strain</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Blood meal virus titer (TCID</b> <b>50</b> <b>/ml)</b></th><th><b>Mosquito species</b></th><th><b>Dpi</b></th><th><b>Infection rate (%) (95% CI)</b></th><th><b>Mean viral load bodies (viral copies/µl of total RNA)</b></th><th><b>Dissemination rate (%) (95% CI)</b></th><th><b>Mean viral load legs plus wings (viral copies/µl of total RNA)</b></th><th><b>Transmission rate (%) (95% CI)</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>High titer 10 7.4</th><td><i>Culex pipiens</i> biotype <i>molestus</i> a</td><td>14</td><td>8/10 (80.0) (44.4–97.5)</td><td>6.9 × 10 5</td><td>3/8 (37.5) (8.5–75.5)</td><td>9.0 × 10 3</td><td>3/3 (100) (29.2–100)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>21</td><td>4/6 (66.7) (22.3–95.7)</td><td>5.6 × 10 5</td><td>4/4 (100) (39.7–100)</td><td>1.5 × 10 4</td><td>3/4 (75.0) (19.4–99.4)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Cx.pipiens</i> biotype <i>molestus</i> b</td><td>16</td><td>13/16 (81.3) (54.4–96.0)</td><td>1.9 × 10 6</td><td>13/13 (100) (75.3–100)</td><td>7.8 × 10 4</td><td>2/13 (15.4) (1.9–45.4)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>21</td><td>8/10 (80.0) (44.4–97.5)</td><td>8.1 × 10 5</td><td>8/8 (100) (63.1–100)</td><td>7.8 × 10 4</td><td>4/8 (50.0) (15.7–84.3)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Aedes aegypti</i> d</td><td>14</td><td>0/53 (0) (0–6.7)</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>21</td><td>4/22 (18.2) (5.2–40.3)</td><td>2.3 × 10 5</td><td>1/4 (25.0) (0.6–80.6)</td><td>5.5 × 10 3</td><td>0/1 (0) (0–97.5)</td></tr><tr><th>Low titer 10 5.1</th><td><i>Cx.pipiens</i> biotype <i>molestus</i> a</td><td>14</td><td>2/36 (5.6) (0.7–18.7)</td><td>1.2 × 10 2</td><td>0/2 (0) (0–84.2)</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>21</td><td>1/19 (5.3) (0.7–18.7)</td><td>5.4 × 10 1</td><td>0/1 (0) (0–84.2)</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Cx.torrentium</i> c</td><td>14</td><td>1/8 (12.5) (0.3–52.7)</td><td>2.8 × 10 1</td><td>0/1 (0) (0–97.5)</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>21</td><td>1/8 (12.5) (0.3–52.7)</td><td>3.9 × 10 6</td><td>1/1 (100) (2.5–100)</td><td>4.7 × 10 4</td><td>1/1 (100) (2.5–100)</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Transmission rates include results from the saliva inoculation on Vero cells and from the RT-qPCRs of cell culture supernatants.All mosquitoes were incubated for 14/16 or 21 days.Absolute quantification of virus copies/µl of total RNA was performed via an RT-qPCR-based calibration curve</p><p><i>CI</i> confidence interval, <i>dpi</i> days post infection, <i>NA</i> not applicable</p><p><sup>a</sup> <i>Cx.pipiens</i> biotype <i>molestus</i> laboratory colony from“Wendland,” Lower Saxony,Germany</p><p><sup>b</sup> <i>Cx.pipiens</i> biotype <i>molestus</i> laboratory colony from Novi Sad,the Republic of Serbia</p><p><sup>c</sup> <i>Cx.torrentium</i> field-collected colony near Berlin and Bonn,North Rhine-Westphalia,Germany</p><p><sup>d</sup> <i>Ae. aegypti</i> laboratory colony from Malaysia (Bayer CropScience,Langenfeld,Germany)</p>
Culex pipiens choice chamber data
<p>Insect attraction to artificial light can potentially facilitate disease transmission by increasing contact between humans and vectors. Previous research has identified specific wavelength bands, such as yellow and red, that are unattractive to biting flies. However, narrow-band, non-white lights are unsuitable for home lighting use, as their very poor colour rendering is often considered aesthetically undesirable. The creation of a white light that is unattractive to insects has so far remained elusive. White light can be created by combining a number of narrow-band light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Through choice chamber experiments on <em>Culex</em> <em>pipiens</em> mosquitoes, we examine whether combining specific wavelength bands has an additive, subtractive or synergistic effect on insect attraction. We show that a white light created by combining narrow-band red, green and blue (RGB) LEDs is less attractive to <em>Cx</em>. <em>pipiens</em> than a broad-spectrum white light; and that a white light created by combining narrow-band blue and yellow LEDs is more attractive than a broad-spectrum white light. White light produced by RGB combinations could therefore serve as a safer and cheaper light in countries where phototactic vectors and vector-borne diseases are endemic.</p>
Wing geometric morphometrics and COI barcoding of Culex pipiens subgroup in the Republic of Korea
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Culex pipiens choice chamber data
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Figure 2 in Development rates, larval survivorship and wing length of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) at constant temperatures
Figure 2. Temperature-dependent rate of development in male (A) and female (B) Culex pipiens from larva I until adult emergence: observed data (open circles) fitted to the Briére model (dotted line) and degree-day model (solid line).
Figure 1 in Development rates, larval survivorship and wing length of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) at constant temperatures
Figure 1. Median (Q1–Q3) developmental time (days) of males (M) and females (F) of Culex pipiens at five constant temperatures: (A) from larva I until adult emergence; (B) for larvae IV only. Within each temperature and life stage, medians followed by different letters are significantly different (P <0.05, Mann–Whitney U -test). Numbers of individuals that emerged as male or female are indicated in parentheses.
Figure 3 in Development rates, larval survivorship and wing length of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) at constant temperatures
Figure 3. Mean (± SEM) wing length of males (filled squares) and females (open squares) of Culex pipiens reared under constant temperature conditions. Asterisks indicate significant differences between sexes (Student's t-test, P <0.05). For each sex, means with different letters are significantly different (analysis of variance, Tukey's test, P <0.05).
Data from: Gene-dosage effects on fitness in recent adaptive duplications: ace-1 in the mosquito Culex pipiens
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Data from: Composite linkage map and enhanced genome map for Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes
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Data from: Divergent host preferences of above- and below-ground Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) and their hybrid offspring.
Culex pipiens form pipiens and Cx. pipiens form molestus (Diptera: Culicidae) belong to a cosmopolitan taxonomic group known as the Pipiens Assemblage. Hybridization between these forms is thought to contribute to human transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) in North America. Complementary choice and no-choice landing assays were developed to examine host acceptance by North American Cx. pipiens in the laboratory. Populations collected from above- and below-ground sites in suburban Chicago were identified as forms pipiens and molestus using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay. Avian and human host acceptance was then quantified for the two populations, as well as for their hybrid and backcross offspring. No-choice tests were used to demonstrate that both the pipiens and molestus forms were capable of feeding on human and avian hosts. Choice tests were used to demonstrate that form pipiens females were strongly avian-seeking; an individual's probability of accepting the chick host was 85%. Form molestus females were more likely to accept the human host (87%). Rates of host acceptance by F1 and backcross progeny were intermediate to those of their parents. The results suggest that host preferences in Cx. pipiens are genetically determined, and that ongoing hybridization between above- and below-ground populations is an important contributor to epizootic transmission of WNV in North America.
Data from: High chlorpyrifos resistance in Culex pipiens mosquitoes: strong synergy between resistance genes
We investigated the genetic determinism of high chlorpyrifos resistance (HCR), a phenotype first described in 1999 in Culex pipiens mosquitoes surviving chlorpyrifos doses greater than or equal to1 mg l−1 and more recently found in field samples from Tunisia, Israel or Indian Ocean islands. Through chlorpyrifos selection, we selected several HCR strains that displayed over 10 000-fold resistance. All strains were homozygous for resistant alleles at two main loci: the ace-1 gene, with the resistant ace-1R allele expressing the insensitive G119S acetylcholinesterase, and a resistant allele of an unknown gene (named T) linked to the sex and ace-2 genes. We constructed a strain carrying only the T-resistant allele and studied its resistance characteristics. By crossing this strain with strains harboring different alleles at the ace-1 locus, we showed that the resistant ace-1R and the T alleles act in strong synergy, as they elicited a resistance 100 times higher than expected from a simple multiplicative effect. This effect was specific to chlorpyrifos and parathion and was not affected by synergists. We also examined how HCR was expressed in strains carrying other ace-1-resistant alleles, such as ace-1V or the duplicated ace-1D allele, currently spreading worldwide. We identified two major parameters that influenced the level of resistance: the number and the nature of the ace-1-resistant alleles and the number of T alleles. Our data fit a model that predicts that the T allele acts by decreasing chlorpyrifos concentration in the compartment targeted in insects.
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