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Fig. 23 in Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan

Fig. 23. Pseudicyema cupulacephalum sp. nov., drawn from syntype specimens on slide NSMT-Me-66: a, Nematogen, entire; b, rhombogen, entire; c, nematogen, anterior region; d, e, vermiform embryo within axial cell, cilia omitted (d), optical section (e); f, g, rhombogen, anterior region; h, infusorigen; i–k, infusoriform embryos, dorsal view (i: cilia omitted), ventral view (j: cilia omitted), sagittal section (k). Scale bars: a, b, 50 µm; c–k, 10 µm.

Fig. 6 in Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan

Fig. 6. Dicyema gozaense sp. nov., photographs of syntype specimens on slide NSMT-Me-59: a, Nematogen, anterior region; b, vermiform embryo within axial cell; c, d, rhombogen, anterior region; e, infusorigen; f, g, infusoriform embryos, horizontal section (f), sagittal section (g). Scale bars: 10 µm.

Fig. 15 in Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan

Fig. 15. Dicyema shimaense sp. nov., drawn from syntype specimens on slide NSMT-Me-70: a, Nematogen, entire; b, rhombogen, entire; c, d, nematogen, anterior region; e, rhombogen, anterior region; f, g, vermiform embryo within axial cell, cilia omitted (f), optical section (g); h, infusorigen; i–k, infusoriform embryos, dorsal view (i: cilia omitted), ventral view (j: cilia omitted), sagittal section (k). Scale bars: a, b, 50 µm; c–k, 10 µm.

Fig. 3 in Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan

Fig. 3. Dicyema bacterocephalum sp. nov., drawn from syntype specimens on slide NSMT-Me-58: a, Nematogen, entire; b, rhombogen, entire; c, nematogen, anterior region; d, e, vermiform embryo within axial cell, cilia omitted (f, d), optical section (e); f, g, rhombogen, anterior region; h, infusorigen; i–k, infusoriform embryos, dorsal view (i: cilia omitted), ventral view (j: cilia omitted), sagittal section (k). Scale bars: a, b, 100 µm; c–k, 10 µm.

Fig. 5 in Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan

Fig. 5. Dicyema conocephalum sp. nov., drawn from syntype specimens on slide NSMT-Me-61: a, b, Nematogen, anterior region; c, rhombogen, anterior region; d, e, vermiform embryo within axial cell, cilia omitted (d), optical section (e); f, nematogen, entire; g, rhombogen, entire; h, infusorigen; i–k, infusoriform embryos, dorsal view (i: cilia omitted), ventral view (j: cilia omitted), sagittal section (k). Scale bars: a–e, h–k, 10 µm; f, g, 50 µm.

Fig. 13 in Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan

Fig. 13. Dicyema miense sp. nov., drawn from syntype specimens on slide NSMT-Me-68: a, nematogen, entire; b, rhombogen, entire; c, d, nematogen, anterior region; e, f, vermiform embryo within axial cell, cilia omitted (e), optical section (f); g, rhombogen, anterior region; h, infusorigen; i–k, infusoriform embryos, dorsal view (i: cilia omitted), ventral view (j: cilia omitted), sagittal section (k). Scale bars: a, b, 50 µm; c–k, 10 µm.

Fig. 2 in Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan

Fig. 2. Dicyema bacterocephalum sp. nov., photographs of syntype specimens on slide NSMT-Me-58: a, b, Nematogen, anterior region; c, vermiform embryo within axial cell; d, rhombogen, anterior region; e, infusorigen; f, g, infusoriform embryos, horizontal section (f), sagittal section (g). Scale bars: 10 µm.

Fig. 18 in Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan

Fig. 18. Dicyema tympanocephalum sp. nov., photographs of syntype specimens on slide NSMT-Me-65: a, Nematogen, entire; b, nematogen, anterior region; c, nematogen, anterior region; d, vermiform embryo within axial cell; e, infusorigen; f, g, infusoriform embryos, sagittal section (f), horizontal section (g). Scale bars: a, 50 µm; b–g, 10 µm.

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Fig. 1 in Finding a home for the ram's horn squid: phylogenomic analyses support Spirula spirula (Cephalopoda: Decapodiformes) as a close relative of Oegopsida

Fig. 1 IQ-TREE maximum likelihood phylogram recovered in partitioned analysis of the 50% filtered OrthoFinder data matrix incorporating the decapodiform substitution model. Spirula spirula and major cephalopod clades are highlighted in bold. Numbers near the branches are gene concordance factors/site concordance factors. ML bootstrap

Figure 3 in A redescription of the fossil coleoid cephalopod genus Palaeololigo Naef, 1921 (Decapodiformes: Palaeololiginidae) and its relationship to Recent squids

Figure 3. Chtenopteryx sp. Gladius. (Top) right lateral view; (bottom) oblique ventral view. Note: Photo, D.T. Donovan.

Figure 4 in A redescription of the fossil coleoid cephalopod genus Palaeololigo Naef, 1921 (Decapodiformes: Palaeololiginidae) and its relationship to Recent squids

Figure 4. (A) Palaeololigo oblonga (Wagner), holotype. Formerly in Paläontologisches Museum Munich, from Wagner 1860; (B) holotype of Teuthopsis princeps Wagner. Formerly in Paläontologisches Museum Munich, from Wagner 1860; (C) P. oblonga (Wagner), dorsal view of gladius, based mainly on the holotype, restored to original shape, as for illustrations of Recent gladii; (D) P. oblonga (Wagner), left lateral views of gladius, based mainly on the holotype, restored to original shape; (E) P. oblonga (Wagner), gladius of Paläontologisches Museum Munich AS 1968 I 62, natural size; (F) P. oblonga (Wagner), gladius of Jura-Museum, Eichstätt SOS 1325, natural size; (G) Niobrarateuthis walkeri Green, dorsal view of gladius. Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian or Santonian), Kansas, USA. Actual length of specimen about 60 cm, after Green (1977); (H) N. walkeri Green, right lateral view (details as for Fig. 4G).

Figure 6. Molecular time-scale for decapodiform cephalopods indicating a in A redescription of the fossil coleoid cephalopod genus Palaeololigo Naef, 1921 (Decapodiformes: Palaeololiginidae) and its relationship to Recent squids

Figure 6. Molecular time-scale for decapodiform cephalopods indicating a potential position for the Palaeololiginidae and Chtenopteryx on two alternative decapodiform phylogenies (modified from Strugnell et al. [2006]). The topologies result from two alternative Bayesian analyses using: (A) all three codon positions of three nuclear genes (octopine dehydrogenase, rhodopsin, pax-6) partitioned by codon; and (B) only first and second codon positions of the same three nuclear genes. The divergence dates of Palaeololiginidae from Bathyteuthis and Chtenopteryx and also Chtenopteryx from Bathyteuthis are hypothetical. A simplified possible scenario of morphological character loss is depicted. Notes: Ɨ indicates the presence of suckers on the buccal lappets; • indicates the presence of accessory nidamental glands (which is present in Chtenopteryx, but apparently lost in Bathyteuthis); indicates the presence of fused axons in the giant nerve fibre system; ▲ indicates the "juvenile" characters for Oegopsida detailed by Naef (1923), namely the form of gladius with a long narrow rachis, subterminal position of the fins, and also quadriserial suckers on the arms, which Naef (1923) believed to the ancestral form for all Oegopsida; "open" shapes (O, O, Δ, Z)

Figure 2 in A redescription of the fossil coleoid cephalopod genus Palaeololigo Naef, 1921 (Decapodiformes: Palaeololiginidae) and its relationship to Recent squids

Figure 2. Palaeololigo oblonga (Wagner). (A) Paläontologisches Museum Munich AS 1968 I 62. Posterior part to show vane of gladius; (B) Paläontologisches Museum Munich 1964 XXIII 147. Gladius, dorsal view with outline of ink sac; (C) Jura-Museum, Eichstätt SOS 1325. Gladius; (D) Jura-Museum, Eichstätt SOS 1366. Posterior end of gladius and impression of fin; (E) Jura-Museum, Eichstätt SOS 1366. Posterior part of right side of vane. Area where gladius is missing shows clear impression of growth lines and radial folds. Notes: Photos, (A–B) Georg Janssen; (C) Martin Ebert; (D–E) D.T. Donovan.

Figure 1 in A redescription of the fossil coleoid cephalopod genus Palaeololigo Naef, 1921 (Decapodiformes: Palaeololiginidae) and its relationship to Recent squids

Figure 1. Palaeololigo oblonga (Wagner). Paläontologisches Museum Munich AS 1968 I 62. (A) Note that the end of the rachis is broken and bent backwards; (B) detail of arm crown. Note: Photos supplied by Georg Janssen with permission.

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Fig. 29 in Fourteen New Species of Dicyemids (Phylum: Dicyemida) from Seven Species of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Kumano Sea, Japan

Fig. 29. Pseudicyema physocaudatum sp. nov., drawn from syntype specimens on slide NSMT-Me-71: a, Nematogen, entire; b, rhombogen, entire; c, nematogen, anterior region; d, e, rhombogen, anterior region; f, g, vermiform embryo within axial cell, cilia omitted (f), optical section (g); h, infusorigen; i–k, infusoriform embryos, dorsal view (i: cilia omitted), ventral view (j: cilia omitted), sagittal section (k). Scale bars: a, b, 20 µm; c–k, 10 µm.