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308 results for “Density dependence”
Dataset: Core excitations and ionizations of uranyl in Cs2UO2Cl4 from relativistic embedded damped response time-dependent density functional theory and equation of motion coupled cluster calculations
<p>This dataset collects the unprocessed (= outputs from calculations) results discussed in the paper titled "Core excitations and ionizations of uranyl in Cs2UO2Cl4 from relativistic embedded damped response time-dependent density functional theory and equation of motion coupled cluster calculations", by Wilken Aldair Misael and Andre Severo Pereira Gomes. It also contains the figures used in the manuscript.</p>
Effects of local density dependence and temperature on the spatial synchrony of marine fish populations
<ol> <li><span>Disentangling empirically the many processes affecting spatial population synchrony is a challenge in population ecology. Two processes that could have major effects on the spatial synchrony of wild population dynamics are density dependence and variation in environmental conditions like temperature. Understanding these effects is crucial for predicting the effects of climate change on local and regional population dynamics.</span></li> <li><span>We quantified the direct contribution of local temperature and density dependence to spatial synchrony in the population dynamics of nine fish species inhabiting the Barents Sea. First, we estimated the degree to which the annual spatial autocorrelations in density are influenced by temperature. Second, we estimated and mapped the local effects of temperature and strength of density dependence on annual changes in density. Finally, we measured the relative effects of temperature and density dependence on the spatial synchrony in changes in density. </span></li> <li><span>Temperature influenced the annual spatial autocorrelation in density more in species with greater affinities to the benthos and to warmer waters. Temperature correlated positively with changes in density in the eastern Barents Sea for most species. Temperature had a weak synchronising effect on density dynamics, while increasing strength of density dependence consistently desynchronised the dynamics. </span></li> <li><span>Quantifying the relative effects of different processes affecting population synchrony is important to better predict how population dynamics might change when environmental conditions change. Here, high degrees of spatial synchrony in the population dynamics remained unexplained by local temperature and density dependence, confirming the presence of additional synchronizing drivers, such as trophic interactions or harvesting. </span></li> </ol>
Data from: Density-dependent feedback across nested levels of organization in a social primate
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Data from: Density-dependent species interactions modulate alpine treeline shifts
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Asymmetric density-dependent competition does not contribute to the maintenance of sex in a mixed population of sexual and asexual Potamopyrgus antipodarum
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Data and R code from: Relics of beavers past: time and population density drive scale-dependent patterns of ecosystem engineering
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Effects of local density dependence and temperature on the spatial synchrony of marine fish populations
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Per capita sperm metabolism is density-dependent
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Evolution under pH stress and high population densities leads to increased density-dependent fitness in the protist Tetrahymena thermophila
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Density-dependence and territorial competitors can modulate parrotfish social foraging and herbivory on coral reefs
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Density dependence maintains long-term stability despite increased isolation and inbreeding in the Florida Scrub-Jay
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Density-dependent selection and the maintenance of colour polymorphism in barn owls
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Data from: How density dependence, genetic erosion, and the extinction vortex impact evolutionary rescue
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Data from: Density-dependence produces spurious relationships among demographic parameters in a harvested species
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Density-dependent natural selection mediates harvest-induced trait changes
<p>Rapid life-history changes caused by size-selective harvesting are often interpreted as a response to direct harvest selection against a large body size. However, similar trait changes may result from a harvest-induced relaxation of natural selection for a large body size via density-dependent selection. Here, we show evidence of such density-dependent selection favouring large-bodied individuals at high population densities, in replicated pond populations of medaka fish. Harvesting, in contrast, selected medaka directly against a large body size and, in parallel, decreased medaka population densities. Five years of harvesting were enough for harvested and unharvested medaka populations to inherit the classically-predicted trait differences, whereby harvested medaka grew slower and matured earlier than unharvested medaka. We demonstrate that this life-history divergence was not driven by direct harvest selection for a smaller body size in harvested populations, but by density-dependent natural selection for a larger body size in unharvested populations.</p>
Intersexual differences in density-dependent dispersal and their evolutionary drivers
Dispersal is well recognised as a major driver of evolutionary processes in local populations. Nevertheless, dispersal abilities should also be perceived as a life history trait, being subject to evolutionary changes in response to various drivers. Empirical studies investigating these drivers rarely consider that they may influence male and female dispersal differently. The purpose of our study was to document intersexual differences in density-dependent emigration from local habitat patches. As a model system we used a metapopulation of Maculinea (Phengaris) teleius butterfly, in which densities of both sexes vary greatly throughout the flying season. Following intensive mark-release-recapture surveys, the parameters and predictors of dispersal were analysed with the Virtual Migration model and the multi-state recapture model. The emigration rate in males was substantially higher in the early season, especially at smaller habitat patches. With the proportion of females increasing with the season progression, males became reluctant to emigrate from their natal patches. In turn, higher female emigration in the later part of the season was most strongly associated with female tendency to reduce intraspecific competition experienced by their offspring. Our findings provide evidence for the impact of reproductive strategies on dispersal in both sexes. The difference in reproductive strategies of males and females explain sex-biased dispersal in different parts of the season, which carries important implications for metapopulation functioning.
Data from: Density-dependent adaptive topography in a small passerine bird, the collared flycatcher
<p>The adaptive topography is a central concept in evolutionary biology, describing how the mean fitness of the population changes with gene frequencies or mean phenotypes. We use expected population size as quantity to be maximized by natural selection to show that selection on pairwise combinations of reproductive traits of collared flycatchers caused by fluctuations in population size generated an adaptive topography with distinct peaks often located at intermediate phenotypes. This occurred because <em>r</em>- and <em>K</em>-selection made phenotypes favored at small densities different from those with higher fitness at population sizes close to the carrying capacity <em>K</em>. The fitness decreased rapidly with a delay in the timing of egg-laying with a density-dependent effect especially occurring among early-laying females. The number of fledglings maximizing fitness was larger at small population sizes than close to <em>K</em>. Finally, there was directional selection for large fledglings independent of population size. We suggest that these patterns can be explained by increased competition for some limiting resources or access to favorable nest sites at high population densities. Thus, <em>r</em>- and <em>K</em>-selection based on expected population size as evolutionary maximization criterion may influence life history evolution and constrain the selective responses to changes in the environment.</p>
Data from: Negative density dependence in the mortality and growth of tropical tree seedlings is strong, and primarily caused by fungal pathogens
<ol> <li class="Body">Natural enemies have been implicated as agents of negative density dependence (NDD) in tropical forests, but their relative contributions to NDD, and thus to the maintenance of diversity, are largely unknown.</li> <li class="Body">We monitored the rates of survival and relative growth rates on seedlings for ten years in tropical moist forest in Manu National Park, Peru. We then experimentally manipulated the plots to exclude fungal pathogens, insects, small mammals, and large mammals for an additional 31 months to assess the influence of these natural enemies on density-dependent interactions among tropical seedlings.</li> <li class="Body">Fungal pathogens made the most important contribution to negative density dependence. The application of fungicide led to lower mortality rates, faster growth rates, and decreased species diversity. Other taxa of natural enemies had at most minor effects on seedling performance.</li> <li class="Body"> <i>Synthesis. </i>We conclude that fungal pathogens are the strongest contributors to the widely observed NDD that occurs among seedlings. Moreover, the presence of fungal pathogens augments the species diversity of seedlings, indicating their critical contribution to the maintenance of species coexistence and the structure of tropical tree communities.</li> </ol>
Data from: Interspecific variation in conspecific negative density dependence can make species less likely to coexist
Conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) is thought to promote plant species diversity. Theoretical studies showing the importance of CNDD often assumed that all species are equally susceptible to CNDD; however, recent empirical studies have shown species can differ greatly in their susceptibility to CNDD. Using a theoretical model, we show that interspecific variation in CNDD can dramatically alter its impact on diversity. First, if the most common species are the least regulated by CNDD, then the stabilising benefit of CNDD is reduced. Second, when seed dispersal is limited, seedlings that are susceptible to CNDD are at a competitive disadvantage. When parameterised with estimates of CNDD from a tropical tree community in Panama, our model suggests that the competitive inequalities caused by interspecific variation in CNDD may undermine many species' ability to persist. Thus, our model suggests that variable CNDD may make communities less stable, rather than more stable.
Density-dependent within-patch movement behavior of two competing species
<p class="MsoNormal">Movement behavior is central to understanding species distributions, population dynamics and coexistence with other species. At present, relatively little is known about how conspecific and interspecific competitor density affect movement behavior. We conducted releases of two species of competing <em>Tribolium</em> flour beetles at different densities, alone and together in homogeneous microcosms, and tested whether their recaptures-with-distance were well described by a random-diffusion model. We also determined whether mean displacement distances varied with the release density of conspecific and heterospecific beetles. A diffusion model provided a good fit to the redistribution of <em>T. castaneum</em> and <em>T. confusum </em>at all release densities, explaining an average of >60% of the variation in recaptures. For both species, mean displacement (directly proportional to the diffusion rate) exhibited a humped-shaped relationship with conspecific density. Finally, we found that both species of beetle impacted the within-patch movement rates of the other species, but it depended on density. For <em>T. castaneum</em> in the highest density treatment, the addition of equal numbers of <em>T. castaneum</em> or <em>T. confusum</em> had the same effect, with mean displacements reduced by approximately one-half. The same result occurred for <em>T. confusum</em> released at an intermediate density. In both cases, it was total beetle abundance, not species identity that mattered to mean displacement. We suggest that displacement or diffusion rates that exhibit a nonlinear relationship with density or depend on the presence or abundance of interacting species should be considered when attempting to predict the spatial spread of populations.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.