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58 results for “Desert area”
Fig. 3 in The Unnamed Plateau (Western Desert of Egypt). New geological and geoarchaeological data from an exploration in a remote area
Fig. 3 - Hydrographic network around the Unnamed Plateau as reconstructed for the Plio-Pleistocene (modified from Gonheim, 2012). The two water courses originate from the two sides of the "Through valley". / Ricostruzione del reticolo idrografico attorno ad Unnamed Plateau per il periodo Plio-Pleistocenico (modificato da Gonheim, 2012). I due corsi d'acqua hanno origine dai due versanti della "valle di Through".
Fig. 6 - A in The Unnamed Plateau (Western Desert of Egypt). New geological and geoarchaeological data from an exploration in a remote area
Fig. 6 - A) Landscape of Area 1 looking south. / Vista dell'Area 1 verso sud. B) Example of stone circle with the opening to the south. / Uno dei cerchi di pietre con aperture verso sud. C) Tethering stones. / Pietre da cattura. D) The rock panel with two engraved cows. / Pannello su parete di roccia con figure di vacche incise. E) Narrow passage on top of the plateau, between the two branches of Wadi Handal. This is the area with most stone circles documented so far on the plateau. / Stretto passaggio che separa le due testate delle vallette laterali di Wadi Handal. In quest'area è stato documentato il maggior numero di cerchi di pietre sull'altopiano.
FIGURE 3 in First report of Quaternary mammals from the Qalehjough area, Lut Desert, Eastern Iran
FIGURE 3. Stratigraphic section and the situation of fossil occurrence in Qalehjough fossil site (drawn by Narges Hashemi).
FIGURE 2. 1 in First report of Quaternary mammals from the Qalehjough area, Lut Desert, Eastern Iran
FIGURE 2. 1, Map depicting major cities and local villages around the Qalehjough fossil site. 2, Photograph of the fossil bearing sediments (photographed by Narges Hashemi).
FIGURE 1 in First report of Quaternary mammals from the Qalehjough area, Lut Desert, Eastern Iran
FIGURE 1. Locations of the Qalehjough fossil site, near Faizabad of Khorassan Razavi province, and other Quaternary fossil sites in Iran. Fossil vertebrate assemblages from these sites consist of following elements (E = Equus, R = Rhinocerotidae, and C = Caprinae): Qalehjough (E, R, C), Tapeh Naderi (E, C), Shadiakh (E, C), Qazvin (E, R, C), Saveh (E, R), Luristan (E), Qaleh bozi (E, R, C), Kermanshah (E, R), Shahreza (E), and Shahre Soukhteh (E).
FIGURE 4 in First report of Quaternary mammals from the Qalehjough area, Lut Desert, Eastern Iran
FIGURE 4. Photographs of selected vertebrate fossils from the Qalehjough fossil site. 1-2, a right P4 of Stephanorhinus cf. kirchbergensis (QHJ-45) in lateral (1) and occlusal (2) views. 3-5, three incisors of Equus (QHJ-12–14) in lateral views. 6-7, a right M3 of Equus (QHJ-22) in lateral (6) and occlusal (7) views. 8-9, a left M3 of Equus (QHJ-42) in lateral (8) and occlusal (9) views. 10, a first phalange of Sus (QHJ-37) in lateral view. 11, a left mandible of Ovis aries with P4 (QHJ-44) in lateral view. 12-13, a left M2 of O. aries (QHJ-5) in lateral (12) and occlusal (13) views. 14, a left mandible of Bos (QHJ-1) in lateral view. 15-16, a horn core (mesiodistal part) of Bos (QHJ-26) in internal (15) and external (16) views. 17-18, a left M2 of Gazella (QHJ-23) in lateral (17) and occlusal (18) views. Scale bars equal 1 mm.
"The sound comes from a meadow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. The meadow is at an elevation of 2400 meters near a mountain named Olancha Peak, which is 3700 meters in altitude. Ihave a group of friends with which Ibackpack (trek) into the mountains. Our goal was to spend some time in the mountains and hike to the top of Olancha Peak (…) By the time we reached the meadow, we were in a forest and there was still snow on the ground in some places. We took the trip in June of 2006. The Sierra Nevada Mountains are a large mountain range. Much of the range is protected by national parks or preserved areas we call 'wilderness areas' (…) Ihave been backpacking for nearly 40 years and Iwill hopefully continue with this challenging activity for 40 years more! Many of my friends are much younger than Iam and it gives me much satisfaction to be able to have as much or more stamina for this activity than they have! When we are on these trips, we hike up peaks, catch fish, drink some whiskey around campfires and enjoy our time in the beautiful solitude. My memories of this trip were of the steep, hot hike from the desert to the cool meadow; the overall beauty of the nature, the absolute solitude of our campsite near the meadow; the strenuous hike to the top of Olancha Peak; the camaraderie of my friends; and, of course the sound of the frogs in the meadow. The frog sounds were astounding to me and Iwould listen in awe of the creature's instinctual desire to reproduce and continue the existence of their kind. Surely there were different species in the meadow for some of the frog sounds were different than others. The sounds only occurred after the Sun went down for the evening. Istood next to the creek in the meadow and recorded the sounds using my digital camera." [Peter/plentz1960]16 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice
"The sound comes from a meadow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. The meadow is at an elevation of 2400 meters near a mountain named Olancha Peak, which is 3700 meters in altitude. Ihave a group of friends with which Ibackpack (trek) into the mountains. Our goal was to spend some time in the mountains and hike to the top of Olancha Peak (…) By the time we reached the meadow, we were in a forest and there was still snow on the ground in some places. We took the trip in June of 2006. The Sierra Nevada Mountains are a large mountain range. Much of the range is protected by national parks or preserved areas we call 'wilderness areas' (…) Ihave been backpacking for nearly 40 years and Iwill hopefully continue with this challenging activity for 40 years more! Many of my friends are much younger than Iam and it gives me much satisfaction to be able to have as much or more stamina for this activity than they have! When we are on these trips, we hike up peaks, catch fish, drink some whiskey around campfires and enjoy our time in the beautiful solitude. My memories of this trip were of the steep, hot hike from the desert to the cool meadow; the overall beauty of the nature, the absolute solitude of our campsite near the meadow; the strenuous hike to the top of Olancha Peak; the camaraderie of my friends; and, of course the sound of the frogs in the meadow. The frog sounds were astounding to me and Iwould listen in awe of the creature's instinctual desire to reproduce and continue the existence of their kind. Surely there were different species in the meadow for some of the frog sounds were different than others. The sounds only occurred after the Sun went down for the evening. Istood next to the creek in the meadow and recorded the sounds using my digital camera." [Peter/plentz1960]16
Ecological Survey of Central Arizona: soil chemistry and soil properties in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area and surrounding Sonoran desert, survey year 2000
The Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA) is an extensive field survey and integrated inventory designed to capture key ecological indicators of the CAP LTER study area consisting of the urbanized, suburbanized, and agricultural areas of metropolitan Phoenix, and the surrounding Sonoran desert. The survey is conducted every five years at approximately 200 sample plots (30m x 30m) that were located randomly using a tessellation-stratified dual-density sampling design. Study plots cover habitats throughout the CAP LTER study area ranging from native Sonoran desert sites to residential yards to an airport tarmac. Measurements include an inventory of all plants (identified to the lowest possible taxonomic unit, typically species), plant biovolume, soil coring for physicochemical properties, arthropod sweep-net sampling, photo documentation, and a visual survey of site and area characteristics. The objectives of the survey are to (1) characterize patches in terms of key biotic, physical, and chemical variables, and (2) examine relationships among land use, general plant diversity, native plant diversity, plant biovolume, soil nutrient status, and social-economic indices along an indirect urban gradient. This data set focuses specifically on soil chemistry and soil properties assessed during the 2000 survey year. Investigators interested in soil data from more recent surveys or other measured variables should search the data catalog for 'ecological survey of central arizona' or 'survey 200' to locate those and other data related to the CAP LTER's ESCA.
Plant Survey of Current Vegetation: MAP OF SONORAN DESERT PLANT COMMUNITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE CAPLTER STUDY AREA, PHOENIX, ARIZONA
This study represents an effort to map the distribution of plant community types across the Central Arizona - Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research (CAP-LTER) site centered in metropolitan Phoenix using Landsat ETM data. Vegetation classification was carried out using field data collected from within the study area describing woody plant species. A system was devised which represented a compromise between providing floristic information and enabling maximum spectral discrimination between community types. Image classification used reference spectra derived from training sites in the field and was carried out on subsets defined by soil surface texture in order to control for the strong background soil signature inherent to arid regions. While groundtruthing revealed that vegetation on clayey soils was mapped to 91% accuracy, other sections produced maps with less accuracy. The results of this study demonstrate that image classification of desert vegetation using only Landsat ETM data is problematic and may not be practical without other supporting data, such as radar imaging.This project attempts to produce a vegetation distribution map across undeveloped parcels of outlying desert wilderness, as well as remnant mountain parks throughout the city, contained within the Central Arizona Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research (CAPLTER) study area. This effort seeks to create the first successful classification map of Sonoran Desert vegetation derived from satellite imagery. The map would also be the first fine-scale map of plant community types in the Phoenix region. The depiction would allow for a calculation of the land area covered by each vegetation class, and which communities are exposed to development pressures. This map potentially provides a basis from which researchers can measure vegetative biomass distribution across the landscape and attempt to incorporate this component into ecological models of energy flows and biogeochemical cycling in the CAP-LTER site. I
The role of moss as integrators of soil and stream nutrient status in deserts, Greater Phoenix area, Arizona, 2011 to 2013
In deserts, moss may play an important role connecting soil and stream nutrient cycling, where stream nutrients may be taken up by moss growing at the terrestrial-aquatic interface, which may be windblown into the surrounding soil to become an organic matter source in the soil. Despite its importance, very little is known about moss’s role in biogeochemical cycles and how nutrient pulses (e.g., from N deposition in air pollution) will affect their functional significance as an integrator of nutrient cycling in deserts. To understand their functional significance, we sampled moss and soil to determine (1) the plasticity of moss stoichiometry in relation to the nutrient content of the soil nutrient source; and (2) if moss stoichiometry covaries over natural environmental nutrient gradients (e.g. differing native soil content).
Effects of overgrazing on the functional diversity of rodents in desert areas
<p>Environmental stressors and disturbances can cause changes in an ecosystem's community structure, which can be reflected in its functional diversity. As grazing intensity increases, this causes changes in the environment that inevitably lead to changes in the community structure, which can especially be affected by rodents due to their sensitivity to the environment.</p> <p>The effects of Grazing-prohibition and overgrazing on the functional diversity of desert rodent communities in Alxa were studied in April, July, and October of 2018-2020. The trap-day method was used to study rodent communities in disturbed habitats. Five functional traits were selected and quantified: nutrition, life history, physiology, morphology, and activity rhythm.</p> <p>The results showed that: (1) The species composition of rodent communities in the Alxa Desert in spring and autumn was significantly correlated with the functional traits of hibernation, reproductive cycle, and feeding habits. The species composition in the summer was only significantly correlated with the functional traits of reproductive cycle and diet. (2) The effects of overgrazing on the functional diversity of rodents in desert areas have significant temporal and spatial characteristics. (3) In spring and summer, overgrazing made the Functional Richness index of the rodent community lower than that of areas where grazing is prohibited, but the Functional Evenness index was higher than that of Grazing-prohibition areas. In autumn, overgrazing increased the Functional Richness index of the rodent community and decreased the Functional Evenness index. The Functional Divergence index were higher in overgrazing areas than in grazing prohibited ones. These results suggest that, in spring and summer, overgrazing reduces the ecological space utilization of rodent communities, but its effect on community resource utilization is more comprehensive. In autumn, overgrazing increases the ecological space utilization rate of rodent community but decreases the resource utilization rate. Overgrazing makes the niche differentiation of rodent communities higher, the degree of overlap lower, and the competition between species weaker.</p> <p>Therefore, overgrazing will affect the functional diversity of the community through the utilization of ecological space, resource utilization, interspecific competition, and niche.</p>
Variation and association of leaf traits for desert plants in the arid area, northwest China
<p><span>Characterizing variation and association of plant traits is critical for understanding plant adaptation strategies and community assembly mechanisms. However, little is known about the leaf trait variations of desert plants and their association with different life forms. We used principal component analysis, Pearson's correlation, phylogenetic independent contrasts, linear mixed model, and variance decomposition to explore the variation and association of 10 leaf traits in 22 desert plants in the arid area of northwest China. We found that: (1) the contribution of interspecific variation to the overall variation was greater than the intraspecific variation of all the studied leaf traits; (2) intraspecific and interspecific variation in leaf traits differed among life forms. Some leaf traits, such as tissue density of shrubs and specific leaf area of herbs, exhibited greater intraspecific than interspecific variation, while other traits exhibited the inverse; (3) desert shrubs corroborate the leaf economic spectrum hypothesis and had a fast acquisitive resource strategy, but herbs may not conform to this hypothesis; (4) there were trade‐offs between leaf traits, which were mediated by phylogeny. Overall, our results suggest that interspecific variation of leaf traits significantly contributes to the total leaf traits variation in desert plants. However, intraspecific variation should not be overlooked. There are contrasts in the resource acquisition strategies between plants life forms. Our results support understanding of the mechanisms underlying community assembly in arid regions and suggest that future works may focus on the variation and association of plant traits at both intra‐ and interspecific scales.</span></p>
Effects of overgrazing on the functional diversity of rodents in desert areas
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Variation and association of leaf traits for desert plants in the arid area, northwest China
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North Desert Village Experiment - a landscaping experiment in neighborhoods of the greater Phoenix metropolitan area: 2003-2014
The North Desert Village (NDV) landscape experiment at the Arizona State University Polytechnic campus was designed to give a platform for CAP LTER researchers to study human–landscape interactions. Four residential landscape design and water-delivery types established in blocks of six households each (mini-neighborhoods) mirrored the four prevailing residential yardscape types found across the greater Phoenix metropolitan area: (1) Mesic: a mixture of exotic high water-use vegetation and shade trees with turf grass, (2) Oasis: a mixture of drip-watered, high and low water-use plants on granite substrate, and sprinkler-irrigated turf grass, (3) Xeric: individually watered, low water-use exotic and native plants on granite substrate, and (4) Native: native Sonoran desert plants on granite substrate without supplemental water. Six additional households are monitored in a control treatment area that did not receive landscaping treatment or supplemental water. Major research questions include: How do landscape design and irrigation methods affect net primary productivity and under-canopy microclimate, and soil nutrient pools and fluxes. In addition, the mini-neighborhoods at NDV were incorporated into CAP LTER biodiversity monitoring programs, facilitating insights into insect abundance and diversity, and bird activity in these experimental treatment areas. During summer 2005, the landscape and irrigation systems for each of the treatment areas were completed. During spring 2006, micrometeorological (micromet) stations were installed in the central common area of each treatment area. Data continually monitored included soil temperature, soil heat flux, and volumetric water content of soil at 30-cm depth. Air temperature at 2-m height and soil-surface temperature (recorded by an infrared thermometer at 2-m height) were also monitored regularly. Landscape irrigation water application volumes were recorded approximately monthly, and the electric meters of treatment-area dw
Desert Fertilization Experiment: composition of annual plants in study plots within desert preserves in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, spring 2008
Launched in 2006 with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and leveraged by the CAP LTER, the Carbon and Nitrogen deposition (CNdep) project sought to answer the fundamental question of whether elemental cycles in urban ecosystems are qualitatively different from those in non-urban ecosystems. Ecosystem scientists, atmospheric chemists, and biogeochemists tested the hypothesis that distinct biogeochemical pathways result from elevated inorganic nitrogen and organic carbon deposition from the atmosphere to the land. To test the hypothesis, scientists examined the responsiveness of Sonoran desert ecosystems to nutrient enrichment by capitalizing on a gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area. Fifteen desert study sites were established, with five locations each west and east of the urban core, and in the urban core in desert preserves. In addition to the gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the urban core, select study plots at each of the fifteen desert locations receive amendments of nitrogen, phosphorus, or nitrogen + phosphorus fertilizer. Measured variables include soil properties, perennial and annual plant growth, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen. At the close of the initial grant period, the CAP LTER assumed responsibility for the project, renamed the Desert Fertilization Experiment, which provides a remarkable platform to study the long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on ecosystem properties. This data set features the composition of annual plants in subplots at project study sites assessed in spring 2008. These data are published independently of surveys of annual plants in subsequent years owing to slightly differnet methods employed in 2008 relative to other years. Investigators interested in annual plants composition data from other years, or for other Desert Fertilization Experiment data, should search the data repository for 'desert fertilization experiment'.
Desert Fertilization Experiment: inventory and biovolume of perennial plants in study plots within desert preserves in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, spring 2012
Launched in 2006 with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and leveraged by the CAP LTER, the Carbon and Nitrogen deposition (CNdep) project sought to answer the fundamental question of whether elemental cycles in urban ecosystems are qualitatively different from those in non-urban ecosystems. Ecosystem scientists, atmospheric chemists, and biogeochemists tested the hypothesis that distinct biogeochemical pathways result from elevated inorganic nitrogen and organic carbon deposition from the atmosphere to the land. To test the hypothesis, scientists examined the responsiveness of Sonoran desert ecosystems to nutrient enrichment by capitalizing on a gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area. Fifteen desert study sites were established, with five locations each west and east of the urban core, and in the urban core in desert preserves. In addition to the gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the urban core, select study plots at each of the fifteen desert locations receive amendments of nitrogen, phosphorus, or nitrogen + phosphorus fertilizer. Measured variables include soil properties, perennial and annual plant growth, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen. At the close of the initial grant period, the CAP LTER assumed responsibility for the project, renamed the Desert Fertilization Experiment, which provides a remarkable platform to study the long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on ecosystem properties. This data set features an inventory and estimates of biovolume of perennial plants in control and nitrogen-amended study plots at project study sites. This assessment was conducted in spring 2012 and has not been repeated. As such, this particular set of data is published independently of on-going measurements at the study locations. Investigators interested in other Desert Fertilization Experiment data should search the data repository for 'desert fertilization experiment'.
Desert Fertilization Experiment: soil pH in study plots within desert preserves in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, 2010 and 2011
Launched in 2006 with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and leveraged by the CAP LTER, the Carbon and Nitrogen deposition (CNdep) project sought to answer the fundamental question of whether elemental cycles in urban ecosystems are qualitatively different from those in non-urban ecosystems. Ecosystem scientists, atmospheric chemists, and biogeochemists tested the hypothesis that distinct biogeochemical pathways result from elevated inorganic nitrogen and organic carbon deposition from the atmosphere to the land. To test the hypothesis, scientists examined the responsiveness of Sonoran desert ecosystems to nutrient enrichment by capitalizing on a gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area. Fifteen desert study sites were established, with five locations each west and east of the urban core, and in the urban core in desert preserves. In addition to the gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the urban core, select study plots at each of the fifteen desert locations receive amendments of nitrogen, phosphorus, or nitrogen + phosphorus fertilizer. Measured variables include soil properties, perennial and annual plant growth, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen. At the close of the initial grant period, the CAP LTER assumed responsibility for the project, renamed the Desert Fertilization Experiment, which provides a remarkable platform to study the long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on ecosystem properties. This data set features soil pH collected in study plots at project study sites during 2010 and 2011. These data include a snapshot from two years of the long-term experiment. As such, this particular set of data is published independently of on-going measurements at the study locations. Investigators interested in other Desert Fertilization Experiment data should search the data repository for 'desert fertilization experiment'.
Distribution. Most of Africa S of the Sahara Desert, except in lowland tropical rainforests. Spotted Hyenas have been extirpated from many areas of southern Africa. in Hyaenidae
Distribution. Most of Africa S of the Sahara Desert, except in lowland tropical rainforests. Spotted Hyenas have been extirpated from many areas of southern Africa.
Subspecies and Distribution. U. a. arctos Linnaeus, 1758 — Europe and W Russia. U. a. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — most of Alaska (excluding Alaska Peninsula, SE panhandle & Kodiak Island group). U. a. beringianus Middendorff, 1853 — NE Russia (Kamchatka Peninsula & N Kuril Islands northward through the Koryak Autonomous District, and along W coast of the Sea of Okhotsk). U. a. collaris Cuvier, 1824 — Russia (Siberia, from E of the Yenisey River to the Bering Sea, but excluding Kamchatka and more southern parts of the Russian Far East), N Mongolia. U. a. dalli Merriam, 1896 — SE Alaska (N of Alexander Archipelago). U. a. gyas Merriam, 1902 — Alaska peninsula. U. a. horribilis Ord, 1815 —W Canada (Yukon, North-West Territories, British Columbia & Alberta), inland W USA (extirpated from S Wyoming to Mexico). U. a. isabellinus Horsfield, 1826 — N India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, N to Kazakhstan and Mongolia (Gobi Desert). U. a. lasiotus Gray, 1867 — Russia (Southern Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, Ussuri/Amur river region of the Russian Far East), NE China, North Korea, and Japan (Hokkaido). U. a. middendorffi Merriam, 1896 — Alaska (Kodiak Island & nearby islands). U. a. pruinosus Blyth, 1853 — Tibetan Plateau, China, N Nepal. U. a. sitkensis Merriam, 1896 — SE Alaska (Alexander Archipelago & adjacent coastal area). U. a. stikeenensis Merriam, 1914 — W Canada (W British Columbia), and formerly W USA (W Washington and Oregon). U. a. syriacus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828 — Middle East, from Turkey to Iran (extirpated in Syria), Caucasus mountains of Russia, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. in Ursidae
Subspecies and Distribution. U. a. arctos Linnaeus, 1758 — Europe and W Russia. U. a. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — most of Alaska (excluding Alaska Peninsula, SE panhandle & Kodiak Island group). U. a. beringianus Middendorff, 1853 — NE Russia (Kamchatka Peninsula & N Kuril Islands northward through the Koryak Autonomous District, and along W coast of the Sea of Okhotsk). U. a. collaris Cuvier, 1824 — Russia (Siberia, from E of the Yenisey River to the Bering Sea, but excluding Kamchatka and more southern parts of the Russian Far East), N Mongolia. U. a. dalli Merriam, 1896 — SE Alaska (N of Alexander Archipelago). U. a. gyas Merriam, 1902 — Alaska peninsula. U. a. horribilis Ord, 1815 —W Canada (Yukon, North-West Territories, British Columbia & Alberta), inland W USA (extirpated from S Wyoming to Mexico). U. a. isabellinus Horsfield, 1826 — N India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, N to Kazakhstan and Mongolia (Gobi Desert). U. a. lasiotus Gray, 1867 — Russia (Southern Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, Ussuri/Amur river region of the Russian Far East), NE China, North Korea, and Japan (Hokkaido). U. a. middendorffi Merriam, 1896 — Alaska (Kodiak Island & nearby islands). U. a. pruinosus Blyth, 1853 — Tibetan Plateau, China, N Nepal. U. a. sitkensis Merriam, 1896 — SE Alaska (Alexander Archipelago & adjacent coastal area). U. a. stikeenensis Merriam, 1914 — W Canada (W British Columbia), and formerly W USA (W Washington and Oregon). U. a. syriacus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828 — Middle East, from Turkey to Iran (extirpated in Syria), Caucasus mountains of Russia, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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