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126 results for “Desmognathus”
Candidate-species delimitation in Desmognathus salamanders reveals gene flow across lineage boundaries, confounding phylogenetic estimation and clarifying hybrid zones
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Data from: Genomic data reject the hypothesis of sympatric ecological speciation in a clade of Desmognathus salamanders
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Resolving higher-level phylogenetic networks with repeated hybridization in a complex of polytypic salamanders (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus)
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Speciation hypotheses from phylogeographic delimitation yield an integrative taxonomy for Seal Salamanders (Desmognathus monticola)
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FIGURE 8. Branch containing Desmognathus quadramaculatus, D. marmoratus and D in Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): An ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades
FIGURE 8. Branch containing Desmognathus quadramaculatus, D. marmoratus and D. folkertsi pruned from Bayesian majority-rule consensus phylogram, diamonds represent posterior probabilities> 0.90. Numbers following species names in parenthesis represent population sample numbers.
FIGURE 7. Sampling localities for Desmognathus imitator and D in Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): An ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades
FIGURE 7. Sampling localities for Desmognathus imitator and D. aeneus, symbols match those in Fig. 5B and 5C respectively.
FIGURE 4 in Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): An ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades
FIGURE 4. Maximum-likelihood reconstruction, numbers above branches represent bootstrap support values (only bootstrap values below 100% are shown), clades are labeled as in Figure 3.
FIGURE 2 in Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): An ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades
FIGURE 2. Color-coded profile of the Level IV Ecoregions present in the Pee Dee and Santee River drainages; the number of dusky salamander species present in each level IV ecoregion X drainage sample unit (based on current distribution maps) is shown.
Data from: Small RNAs from a big genome: the piRNA pathway and transposable elements in the salamander species Desmognathus fuscus
Most of the largest vertebrate genomes are found in salamanders, a clade of amphibians that includes 686 species. Salamander genomes range in size from 14 to 120 Gb, reflecting the accumulation of large numbers of transposable element (TE) sequences from all three TE classes. Although DNA loss rates are slow in salamanders relative to other vertebrates, high levels of TE insertion are also likely required to explain such high TE loads. Across the Tree of Life, novel TE insertions are suppressed by several pathways involving small RNA molecules. In most known animals, TE activity in the germline is primarily regulated by the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway. In this study, we test the hypothesis that salamanders' unusually high TE loads reflect the loss of the ancestral piRNA-mediated TE-silencing machinery. We characterized the small RNA pool in the female and male adult gonads, testing for the presence of small RNA molecules that bear the characteristics of TE-targeting piRNAs. We also analyzed the amino acid sequences of piRNA pathway proteins from salamanders and other vertebrates, testing whether the overall patterns of sequence divergence are consistent with conserved pathway function across the vertebrate clade. Our results do not support the hypothesis of piRNA pathway loss; instead, they suggest that the piRNA pathway is expressed in salamanders. Given these results, we propose hypotheses to explain how the extraordinary TE loads in salamander genomes could have accumulated, despite the expression of TE-silencing machinery.
FIGURE 23 in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 23. Possible specimen of Desmognathus pascagoula (AUM 10543) from near Tensaw, Baldwin Co., Alabama in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views. Key features suggesting conspecificity with the Pascagoula populations are a relatively blunt or brachycephalic snout; distinct postocular stripe (faded in preservative, but of an apparently bright color in life); distinct dorsal color pattern; jagged but noticeable ventrolateral and lateral "portholes" on the trunk and tail(appearing as light areas devoid of melanin); ventral melanophores in the "stellate" condition; and heavily keeled, "fin-like" or "blade-like" tail with distinct dorsal coloration.
FIGURE 21 in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 21. Larger specimen (MMNS 19993/RAP1112) of Desmognathus valentinei from headwaters of West Creek, Harrison Co., Mississippi, beginning to showing typical adult coloration of "dark auriculatus" sensu Valentine (1963) more typical of southeastern Mississippi populations. Note the more uniform and darker dorsal coloration and more brightly contrasting "portholes" in all three rows on the trunk.
FIGURE 22 in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 22. Large specimen (MMNS 19994/RAP1113) of Desmognathus valentinei from headwaters of West Creek, Harrison Co., Mississippi, showing typical adult coloration of "dark auriculatus" sensu Valentine (1963). Note the uniform melanistic dorsal coloration and brightly contrasting ventrolateral "portholes" on the trunk, nearly indistinguishable postocular stripe, and strongly keeled "fin-like" or "blade-like" tail, with lateral row of "portholes" barely visible.
FIGURE 19 in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 19. Small specimen (MMNS 19990/RAP1109) of Desmognathus valentinei from Thompson Creek, Wayne Co., Mississippi, showing typical juvenile form and color of "pale auriculatus" sensu Valentine (1963), notably a blunt snout; indistinct postocular stripe; indistinct dorsal color pattern; distinct ventrolateral and lateral "portholes" on the trunk and tail; and distinctly keeled, "fin-like" or "blade-like" tail (partially regrown).
FIGURE 20 in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 20. Large adult specimen (MMNS 19991/RAP1110) of Desmognathus valentinei from Thompson Creek, Wayne Co., Mississippi, showing typical adult coloration of "pale auriculatus" sensu Valentine (1963). Note overall distinctiveness in body form and coloration from D. pascagoula, including muted coloration of the postocular stripe, girth of the trunk and tail, distinctiveness of all three rows of "portholes" on the trunk, and lack of distinct dorsal color pattern.
FIGURE 16 in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 16. Ventral view of the Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life. Note the darkened "stellate" condition of the ventral melanophores, as in nearby populations of D. valentinei (see Means et al. 2017). The jagged but prominent ventrolateral line of portholes is clearly visible here on the body, as is the lateral row of "portholes" on the tail.
FIGURE 14 in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 14. The holotype (USNM 596040/RAP1106) of Desmognathus pascagoula in preservative in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views. Tick marks on ruler are in mm.
FIGURE 15 in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 15. The Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life. Note distinct dorsal color pattern, the irregular lateral "portholes" on the trunk and tail, and the larger ventrolateral "portholes."
FIGURE 17. A in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 17. A Grand Bay paratype (AUM 45885/RAP1107) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life on isolated (a) and naturalistic (b) backgrounds. Note the bright orange postocular stripe shared by all adult specimens, and the resemblance to the Ward Bayou paratype in terms of the distinct coloration on the dorsal surface of the tail, dark overall coloration, and visibility of the ventrolateral portholes on the body and lateral row of "portholes" on the tail.
FIGURE 18 in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 18. Additional specimen (DAB11479) of Desmognathus pascagoula from the Grand Bay locality, showing variation in color pattern. Note overall lighter coloration compared to the paratypes, though still exhibiting a bright orange postocular stripe, relatively indistinct dorsolateral "portholes," two-toned lateral coloration and jagged ventrolateral row of "portholes," reddish-orange stripe on the dorsal surface of the tail, and increased prominence of lateral "portholes" on the tail, which is fat, keeled, and blade-like towards the tip (partially regenerated).
FIGURE 12 in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 12. Small specimen (MMNS 19992 /RAP1111) of Desmognathus valentinei from headwaters of West Creek, Harrison Co., Mississippi, showing typical juvenile coloration of "pale auriculatus" sensu Valentine (1963). Note strong overall similarity to D. conanti C (e.g., AMNH 193773/RAP1108; Fig. 11) on superficial examination.
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