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88 results for “Dictyostelium”
Wild Dictyostelium discoideum social amoebae show plastic responses to the presence of nonrelatives during multicellular development
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Data and code: Complex third-party effects in the Dictyostelium-Paraburkholderia symbiosis: prey bacteria that are eaten, carried, or left behind
<p>Data and code for study investigating how prey bacteria affect the symbiosis between D. discoideum and Paraburkholderia.</p>
FIGURE. 1 Dictyostelium recurvibasicum and D. longosporum. D in Dictyostelids from Jilin Province, China II
FIGURE. 1 Dictyostelium recurvibasicum and D. longosporum. D. recurvibasicum: A, B, sorocarps; C, cell aggregation; D, spores; E, sorophore tip; F, G, H, sorophore base. D. longosporum: I, sorocarps; J, cell aggregation; K, sorophore tip; L, sorophore base; M, spores; N, macrocysts. Bars: A = 5 mm; B = 3 mm; C, J = 2 mm; D–H, K–N = 10 μm; I = 10 mm.
Data from: Sentinel cells, symbiotic bacteria, and toxin resistance in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum
The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is unusual among eukaryotes in having both unicellular and multicellular stages. In the multicellular stage, some cells, called sentinels, ingest toxins, waste, and bacteria. The sentinel cells ultimately fall away from the back of the migrating slug, thus removing these substances from the slug. However, some D. discoideum clones called farmers carry commensal bacteria through the multicellular stage while others called non-farmers do not. Farmers profit from their beneficial bacteria. To prevent the loss of these bacteria, we hypothesize that sentinel cell numbers may be reduced in farmers and thus farmers may have a diminished capacity to respond to pathogenic bacteria or toxins. In support, we found that farmers have fewer sentinel cells compared to non-farmers. However, farmers produced no fewer viable spores when challenged with a toxin. These results are consistent with the beneficial bacteria, Burkholderia, providing protection against toxins. The farmers did not vary in spore production with and without a toxin challenge the way the non-farmers did, which suggests the costs of Burkholderia may be fixed while sentinel cells may be inducible. Therefore, the costs for non-farmers are only paid in the presence of the toxin. When the farmers were cured of their symbiotic bacteria with antibiotics, they behaved just like non-farmers in response to a toxin challenge. Thus, the advantages farmers gain from carrying bacteria include not just food and protection against competitors, but also protection against toxins.
Data from: Sex ratio and gamete size across eastern North America in Dictyostelium discoideum, a social amoeba with three sexes
Theory indicates that numbers of mating types should tend towards infinity or remain at two. The social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum, however, has three mating types. It is therefore a mystery how this species has broken the threshold of two mating types, but has not increased towards a much higher number. Frequency dependent selection on rare types in combination with isogamy, a form of reproduction involving gametes similar in size, could explain the evolution of multiple mating types in this system. Other factors, such as drift, may be preventing the evolution of more than three. We first looked for evidence of isogamy by measuring gamete size associated with each type. We found no evidence of size dissimilarities between gametes. We then looked for evidence of balancing selection, by examining mating type distributions in natural populations and comparing genetic differentiation at the mating type locus to that at more neutral loci. We found that mating type frequency varied among the three populations we examined, with only one of the three showing an even sex ratio, which does not support balancing selection. However, we found more population structure at neutral loci than the mating type locus, suggesting that the three mating types are indeed maintained at intermediate frequencies by balancing selection. Overall, the data are consistent with balancing selection acting on D. discoideum mating types, but with a sufficiently weak rare sex advantage to allow for drift, a potential explanation for why these amoebae have only three mating types.
Data from: Fruiting bodies of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum increase spore transport by Drosophila
Background: Many microbial phenotypes are the product of cooperative interactions among cells, but their putative fitness benefits are often not well understood. In the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, unicellular amoebae aggregate when starved and form multicellular fruiting bodies in which stress-resistant spores are held aloft by dead stalk cells. Fruiting bodies are thought to be adaptations for dispersing spores to new feeding sites, but this has not been directly tested. Here we experimentally test whether fruiting bodies increase the rate at which spores are acquired by passing invertebrates. Results: Drosophila melanogaster accumulate spores on their surfaces more quickly when exposed to intact fruiting bodies than when exposed to fruiting bodies physically disrupted to dislodge spore masses from stalks. Flies also ingest and excrete spores that still express a red fluorescent protein marker. Conclusions: Multicellular fruiting bodies created by D. discoideum increase the likelihood that invertebrates acquire spores that can then be transported to new feeding sites. These results thus support the long-hypothesized dispersal benefits of altruism in a model system for microbial cooperation.
Data from: The rate and effects of spontaneous mutation on fitness traits in the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum
We performed a mutation accumulation (MA) experiment using the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum to estimate the rate and distribution of effects of spontaneous mutations affecting eight putative fitness traits. We found that the per generation mutation rate for most fitness components is 0.0019 mutations per haploid genome per generation, or larger. This rate is an order of magnitude higher than estimates for fitness components in the unicellular eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, even though the base-pair substitution rate is two orders of magnitude lower. The high rate of fitness-altering mutations observed in this species may be partially explained by a large mutational target relative to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Also, fitness-altering mutations may occur primarily at simple sequence repeats, which are common throughout the genome, including in coding regions, and may represent a target that is particularly likely to give fitness effects upon mutation. The majority of mutations had deleterious effects on fitness, but there was evidence for a substantial fraction, up to 40%, being beneficial for some of the putative fitness traits. Competitive ability within the multicellular slug appears to be under weak directional selection, perhaps reflecting the fact that slugs are sometimes, but not often, comprised of multiple clones in nature. Evidence for pleiotropy among fitness components across MA lines was absent, suggesting that mutations tend to act on single fitness components.
Data from: Burkholderia bacteria infectiously induce the proto-farming symbiosis of Dictyostelium amoebae and food bacteria
Symbiotic associations can allow an organism to acquire novel traits by accessing the genetic repertoire of its partner. In the Dictyostelium discoideum farming symbiosis, certain amoebas (termed "farmers") stably associate with bacterial partners. Farmers can suffer a reproductive cost but also gain beneficial capabilities, such as carriage of bacterial food (proto-farming) and defense against competitors. Farming status previously has been attributed to amoeba genotype, but the role of bacterial partners in its induction has not been examined. Here, we explore the role of bacterial associates in the initiation, maintenance, and phenotypic effects of the farming symbiosis. We demonstrate that two clades of farmer-associated Burkholderia isolates colonize D. discoideum nonfarmers and infectiously endow them with farmer-like characteristics, indicating that Burkholderia symbionts are a major driver of the farming phenomenon. Under food-rich conditions, Burkholderia-colonized amoebas produce fewer spores than uncolonized counterparts, with the severity of this reduction being dependent on the Burkholderia colonizer. However, the induction of food carriage by Burkholderia colonization may be considered a conditionally adaptive trait because it can confer an advantage to the amoeba host when grown in food-limiting conditions. We observed Burkholderia inside and outside colonized D. discoideum spores after fruiting body formation; this observation, together with the ability of Burkholderia to colonize new amoebas, suggests a mixed mode of symbiont transmission. These results change our understanding of the D. discoideum farming symbiosis by establishing that the bacterial partner, Burkholderia, is an important causative agent of the farming phenomenon.
Data from: Sentinel cells, symbiotic bacteria, and toxin resistance in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum
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Data from: The rate and effects of spontaneous mutation on fitness traits in the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum
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Data from: Sex ratio and gamete size across eastern North America in Dictyostelium discoideum, a social amoeba with three sexes
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Phosphatidylserine exposure promotes increased adhesion in Dictyostelium Copine A mutants
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Data from: Fruiting bodies of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum increase spore transport by Drosophila
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Data from: Burkholderia bacteria infectiously induce the proto-farming symbiosis of Dictyostelium amoebae and food bacteria
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Early cAMP signaling orchestrates single-cell synchronicity throughout Dictyostelium development
GEO Series GSE305468. Dictyostelium discoideum. 30 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Regulation of nucleosome positioning by a CHD Type III chromatin remodeller and its relationship to developmental gene expression in Dictyostelium [RNA-seq]
GEO Series GSE70141. Dictyostelium discoideum. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Differential expression of Dictyostelium discoideum AX2 upon infection with wt L. pneumophila JR32 vs. uninfected 24h p.i. (comparison experiment)
GEO Series GSE50696. Dictyostelium discoideum. 19 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Global characterization of the Dicer-like protein DrnB roles in miRNA biogenesis in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum
GEO Series GSE111592. Dictyostelium discoideum AX2. 16 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
The long non-coding RNA transcriptome of Dictyostelium discoideum development
GEO Series GSE90829. Dictyostelium discoideum. 23 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Differential expression of Dictyostelium discoideum AX2 upon infection with wt L. pneumophila JR32 vs. uninfected 24h p.i. (timecourse experiment)
GEO Series GSE50964. Dictyostelium discoideum. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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