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6,019 results for “Diet”
Adelie penguin diet composition, secondary prey items, 1991-2020
The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, gentoo penguin populations have increased dramatically and chinstrap penguin populations have remained relatively stable. These trends are spatially and temporally coherent with regional warming and decreasing sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. The PAL study region includes five main islands on which Adélie penguin colonies have historically occurred, with each island containing a different number of spatially segregated sub-colonies. These colonies are censused to determine the total number of nests and chicks produced each year, and breeding success. Diet samples are acquired to understand diet composition (e.g., krill, fish) and krill length-frequencies. In general, krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, but changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends and thus far, have failed to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. Chick fledging masses are recorded as a cumulative measure of climate, weather, diet, and parental influences on chick health at the end of the breeding season. These data have provided valuable insights into the marine and terrestrial factors that influence Adélie penguin population fitness. No data were collected during the 2021-2022 season due to the Palmer Station pier rebuild.
SBC LTER: Effect of algal diet on consumption, growth, and gonad weight of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus pupuratus)
Data are for an experiment evaluating the effects of algal diet on consumption, growth, and gonad weight of an important kelp forest grazer, the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus pupuratus over a 13 week period (November 2010 - February 2011). Four co-occurring species of macroalgae known to be part of its diet were offered: two kelps Macrocystis pyrifera and Pterygophora californica, and the red algae Chondracanthus corymbiferus and Rhodymenia californica. During 9 consectutive trials in a controlled laboratory setting, we measured consumption, test (exoskeleton) growth, jaw growth, change in whole body wet weight and gonad weight of urchins fed one of five experimental diets. The algae chosen represent a large proportion (> 75%) of the algal biomass in Santa Barbara Channel reefs (California, USA). Changes in the availability of these four species of macroalgae could have large implications for the performance of purple sea urchins and consequently, for the structure of subtidal reef communities. These data are presented in a paper describing the effects of five southern California macroalgal diets on the consumption, growth and gonad weight of the purple sea urchin: Matthew C. Foster, M., Byrnes, J. E. K., D. C. Reed. 2015. Effects of five southern California macroalgal diets on consumption, growth and gonad weight in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. PeerJ. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.719
Data for B-vitamin content in maternal diet and infant morbidity among breastfeeding mother-infant dyads from northern Kenya
<p>Data for a manuscript entitled, "B-vitamin content in maternal diet and infant morbidity among breastfeeding mother-infant dyads from northern Kenya" by Amelia N. Odo et al. The original version was published in April 13, 2020.</p> <p>Version 2 includes data from more participants and additional variables relevant for characterizing maternal and infant dietary characteristics.</p> <p>Version 3 includes the variable "other" for other foods as part of the dietary diversity data. The codebook for the variable "inflam" has been updated (1 = CRP > 3 mg/l; 0 = CRP < 3 mg/l) instead of 10 mg/l stated in Version 1/2. The information on grant support has been added.</p> <p> </p>
A diet containing mango peel silage impacts upon feed intake, energy supply and growth performances of dairy male calves
<p>The major challenges for disposal of waste from fruit processing factories are high transportation costs, limited landfill availability and environmental pollution. Therefore, developing efficient waste management techniques to reduce transportation costs and environment pollution is important. Mango peels (MP) are abundant during the mango season and high in fermentable carbohydrate, which can easily breakdown and pollute the environment if a proper waste management method is not implemented. Thus, in this study, fresh MP were ensiled after sun-dried for one day and then fed to dairy male calves as the roughage source to evaluate its effect on feed intake, digestibility, energy balance, body weight gain, feed efficiency and blood metabolites. Eight growing crossbred dairy male calves (Holstein Friesians × Zebu) were allocated into two groups [Control (n = 4) and mango peel silage (MPS, n = 4)]. This experiment lasted for 12 weeks and daily feed offered and refusal were recorded to determine the daily feed intake. Digestion trial was performed at the last five days of experiment. Body weight and measurement were recorded every two weeks interval to determine the weight gain and body physical improvement. Blood was collected at the end of experiment to analyze the serum biochemical parameters. Ensiling improved the energy and protein contents and decreased fibre content of MP, thereby improving the forage quality. Feeding MPS to calves increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) feed intake, energy supply and energy balance, changes in body measurements, weight gain, feed efficiency, and glucose concentration, as well as lowered (<i>P</i> < 0.05) the urea nitrogen concentration. Ensiling fresh MP after sun-drying for one day improved silage quality, and feeding MPS to dairy male calves as a roughage source improved feed intake, energy supply and growth performances. Therefore, ensiling fresh MP could improve the feed supply for ruminant production and be an effective waste management strategy for fruit processing businesses. </p>
Data of "Decreasing the level of hemicelluloses in sow's lactation diet affects the milk composition and post-weaning performances of low birthweight piglets"
<p>This study showed the effects of decreasing the levels of hemicelluloses in sow’s lactation diet on milk composition and on sow and piglet performances.</p> <p>Sow_performances.csv: A comma separated value file of data used to investigate the relationship between the performances of Swiss Large White sows and decreasing levels of hemicelluloses in lactation diet.</p> <p>Milk_composition.csv: A comma separated value file of data used to investigate the relationship between the milk composition of Swiss Large White sows and decreasing levels of hemicelluloses in lactation diet.</p> <p>Piglets_performances.csv: A comma separated value file of data used to investigate the relationship between the performances of Swiss Large White pigs and decreasing levels of hemicelluloses in lactation maternal diet.</p> <p>Feed_intake_piglets.csv: A comma separated value file of data used to investigate the relationship between the feed intake of Swiss Large White pigs and decreasing levels of hemicelluloses in lactation maternal diet.</p> <p>Diarrhea_postweaning.csv: A comma separated value file of data used to investigate the relationship between the post-weaning diarrhoea of Swiss Large White pigs and decreasing levels of hemicelluloses in lactation maternal diet.</p> <p>data_description.xlsx: meta data for Sow_performances.csv, Milk_composition.csv, Piglets_performances.csv, Feed_intake_piglets.csv and Diarrhea_postweaning.csv with description of variables.</p> <p> </p>
Diet and SARS-Cov-2 Infection Risk: A Retrospective Observational Study
<p>Dataset, Analysis, Regression and Description.</p> <p>From mid-summer 2020 to January 2022, based on phase 2 to 3 of a self-reported questionnaire survey, we asked 15851 families across Iran about their diet and their COVID-19 disease. The results showed that some diets increased the risk of SARS-Cov-2 Apparent Infection Risk and some reduced it.</p> <p>The results show that the risk of reporting SARS-CoV-2 apparent infection in the second group was 12 times higher than the Third group. <strong>The two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001</strong>. Also, the risk of reporting SARS-CoV-2 apparent infection in the first group was 9 times higher than the Third group. <strong>The two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001</strong>. By conventional criteria, these differences are considered to be extremely statistically significant.</p>
Flow cytometry of mesenteric lymph nodes, small and large intestinal lamina propria, and spinal cord cells from fibre-rich and fiber-free diet-fed gnotobiotic mice at baseline and after experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction
<p>We perform profiling of different immune cell populations in the small (SILP) and large intestine lamina propria (CLP), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spinal cords (SC). We are specifically interested to evaluate the impact of dietary fiber deprivation followed by mucus erosion on the immune cell profiles of T helper cells (Th cells, T cell population) of gnotobiotic mice fed a fiber-rich (FR) or fiber-free (FF) diet. This dataset aims to assess the impact of microbiome and diet on disease course in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE) via T cell populations. Mice are either germ-free or colonized by intragastric gavage with a defined variation of a 14-member synthetic human gut microbiome (doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.043 and 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100607): SM01 (Akkermansia muciniphila monocolonisation), SM03 (Bacteroides caccae, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Barnesiella intestinihominis), SM04 (B. caccae, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. intestinihominis, A. muciniphila), SM12 (full community except mucin-specialists B. intestinihominis and A. muciniphila), SM13 (full community except mucin specialist A. muciniphila), or SM14 (full community: Roseburia intestinalis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Marvinbryantia formatexigens, Collinsella aerofaciens, Desulfovibrio piger, B. caccae, B. thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides uniformis, B. intestinihominis, Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium symbiosum, Escherichia coli, and A. muciniphila). At age 5 to 8 weeks, mice were colonized with SM combinations while fed an FR diet. Mice were either maintained on an FR diet or switched to an FF diet at 5 days after initial colonization, until the end of experiment. Baseline samples were collected 20 days following the diet switch. Otherwise, EAE induction was performed 15 days after the diet switch and samples were collected 30 days after the induction.</p>
Raw data for: "Altered trophic interactions in warming climates: consequences for predator diet breadth and fitness"
<p><strong>Raw data for the article:</strong> Bestion, E, Soriano-Redondo, A, Cucherousset, J, Jacob, S, White, J, Zinger, L, Fourtune, L, Di Gesu, L, Teyssier, A, Cote, J. Altered trophic interactions in warming climates: consequences for predator diet breadth and fitness. Proceedings of the Royal Society: B. 2019. 286:20192227. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2227</p> <p><strong>This data should be cited as</strong>: Bestion, E, Soriano-Redondo, A, Cucherousset, J, Jacob, S, White, J, Zinger, L, Fourtune, L, Di Gesu, L, Teyssier, A, Cote, J (2019). Raw data for: "Altered trophic interactions in warming climates: consequences for predator diet breadth and fitness", Bestion et al 2019 Proceedings B. (Version 1). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3475402</p> <p><strong>This data is composed of</strong> one dataset with 21 columns and a README file</p> <p>Composition of the Bestion_2019_isotopy_dataset_for_zenodo.csv dataset</p> <p>- Individual: numerical index corresponding to each of the 327 individuals in the dataset<br> - Age: age class, J = juvenile (<1 year old), A = adult (1 and 2+ year old)<br> - Sex: F (female) or M (male)<br> - Climate: Present-day climate or Warm climate<br> - Enclosure: enclosure number (10 enclosures, 5 per climatic treatment)<br> - delta13C_september: stable isotope values for delta13C in september<br> - delta15N_september: stable isotope values for delta15N in september<br> - delta13C_september_corrected: stable isotope values for delta13C in september corrected for the stable isotope value of the three invertebrate prey categories<br> - delta15N_september_corrected: stable isotope values for delta15N in september corrected for the stable isotope value of the three invertebrate prey categories<br> - Prop_predator_eaten: proportion of predatory invertebrates eaten by each individual derived from the corrected stable isotope values<br> - Prop_phytophagous_eaten: proportion of phytophagous invertebrates eaten by each individual derived from the corrected stable isotope values<br> - Prop_detritivorous_eaten: proportion of detritivorous invertebrates eaten by each individual derived from the corrected stable isotope values<br> - Levins_diet_index: levins' dietary index corresponding to lizard diet specialization (with 3 = completely generalist and 1 = completely specialist lizard)<br> - Body_Size_september: lizard body size (snout-vent length in mm)<br> - Body_Mass_september: lizard body mass (in g)<br> - Body_Condition_september: lizard body condition (residuals of body mass by body size)<br> - Microbiota_shannon_index: shannon index representing gut microbial bacteria community diversity<br> - Survival_winter: survival during the winter (1 = survived, 0 = died)<br> - Abundance_predator_enclosure: abundance of predatory invertebrates within the enclosure<br> - Abundance_phytophagous_enclosure: abundance of phytophagous invertebrates within the enclosure<br> - Abundance_detitivorous_enclosure: abundance of detritivorous invertebrates within the enclosure</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Amine metabolites in pigs fed a diet with spray dried plasma protein as functional protein source
<p><span>We evaluated the effects of diets formulated with either soybean meal (SBM) as a reference protein source or SDPP in pigs. Blood amine profiles were analysed to evaluate the effects of the diets at a systemic level. <span>Blood samples were collected via the ear-vein for plasma preparation at at dissection days (d28-29) after the morning meal ingestion. </span></span></p> <p><span>For plasma, blood samples were collected in sterile Vacuette tubes containing lithium-heparin and immediately centrifuged at 3,000x g for 10 min at 4°C and plasma was extracted. Plasma were stored at -80°C for further analysis on levels ofsystemic amine metabolite profiles. </span></p> <p>The protocol outlined in the following publication was used for detecting plasma amine levels:</p> <ul> <li>Noga MJ, Dane A, Shi S, Attali A, van Aken H, Suidgeest E, et al. Metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid reveals changes in the central nervous system metabolism in a rat model of multiple sclerosis. <span><span><span>Metabolomics. 2012;8(2):253-63.</span></span></span></li> <li><span><span><span>van der Kloet FM, Bobeldijk I, Verheij ER, Jellema RH. </span></span></span>Analytical Error Reduction Using Single Point Calibration for Accurate and Precise Metabolomic Phenotyping. Journal of Proteome Research. 2009;8(11):5132-41.</li> </ul>
Lipidomic Data of Mycoplasma mycoides and JCVI-Syn3A grown on defined lipid diets
<p>Shotgun Lipidomics of four conditions: Mycoplasma mycoides grown on a 2FA + Cholesterol diet, a POPC + Cholesterol diet, a Diether PC + Cholesterol diet, and JCVI-Syn3A grown on a Diether PC + Cholesterol diet. All data made with three biological replicates. Lipids extracted from cells using the Bligh-Dyer protocol. Lipids analyzed by Lipotype with mass spectrometry based analysis. </p>
Gerational issues in linking family farming production, traditional food in diet, physical activity and obesity in Pacific Islands countries and territories: the case of the Melanesian population on Lifou Island
<p>In the Melanesian culture, traditional activities are organized around family farming, although the lifestyle transition taking place over the last several decades has led to imbalances in diet and physical activity, with both leading to obesity. The aim of this interdisciplinary study was to understand the links between family farming (produced, exchanged, sold, and consumed food), diet (focused on produced, hunted, and caught food), physical activity (sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and obesity in Melanesian Lifou Island families (parents and children). Forty families, including 142 adults and children, completed individual food frequency questionnaires, wore tri-axial accelerometers for seven continuous days, and had weight and height measured with a bio-impedance device. Qualitative and quantitative interviews were conducted at the household level concerning family farming practices and sociodemographic variables. Multinomial regression analyses and logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results showed that family farming production brings a modest contribution to diet and active lifestyles for the family farmers of Lifou Island. The drivers for obesity in these tribal communities were linked to diet in the adults, whereas parental socioeconomic status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were the main factors associated to overweight and obesity in children. These differences in lifestyle behaviors within families suggest a transition in cultural practices at the intergenerational level. Future directions should consider seasonality and a more in-depth analysis of diet including macro- and micro- nutrients to acquire more accurate information on the intergenerational transition in cultural practices and its consequences on health outcomes in the Pacific region.</p>
Experimental assessment of the relationship between diet and mandibular morphology: new insights for the paleodietary reconstructions of early hominins
<p>Code R.txt : R script containing all the analyses (can be open in R or RStudio or any text reader)</p> <p>landmark_coordinates: Raw coordinates for all specimens</p> <p>diet-scrach.csv : CSV file containing all the information of the specimens</p>
Prenatal diet programs the transgenerational inheritance of brain macro and microstructure defects, coding for anxiety-like behavior in male rats.
<p>T1-w 3DFLASH Preprocessed MRI images used for wistar rat used for the deformation-based morphological (DBM) model are released.</p> <p>Nifti files are duplicated. DBM used only mnc format.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Dataset for the Diet of the grey wolf Canis lupus in Roztocze and Solska Forest, south-east Poland
<p>The dataset for the article: Mysłajek R.W., Stachyra P., Figura M., Nędzyńska-Stygar M., Stefański R., Korga M., Kwiatkowska I., Stępniak K.M., Tołkacz K., Nowak S. 2022. Diet of the grey wolf <em>Canis lupus</em> in Roztocze and Solska Forest, south-east Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Biology 71: 22040. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.25225/jvb.22040">10.25225/jvb.22040</a></p>
Connectomes, APOE, Age, Sex, and Diet in Mouse Models of Aging
<p>Brain networks and covariates for mouse models of aging. Includes APOE22/33/44 with and without HN, age, sex, and diet.</p> <p>Files:</p> <p>- connectomes.rda: a tensor of symmetric adjacency matrices corresponding to brain networks.</p> <p>- mice.rda: a dataframe containing mouse covariates.</p> <p>- mouse_anatomy.csv: a table containing scientific names for each brain region in connectomes.rda.</p>
Calories Derived from Lipids in Adelie and Gentoo Penguin Diets at Palmer Station, 2022–2023
This dataset contains measurements of caloric energy (in kilojoules) derived from lipids in regurgitated diet samples collected from Adélie and gentoo penguins during the PAL2223 and PAL2324 field seasons near Palmer Station, along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Diet samples were homogenized through blending, and lipids were subsequently extracted for calorimetric analysis to quantify energy content. These data were used in support of the manuscript "Trophic transfer of lipid-derived energy through Adélie and Gentoo penguins near Palmer Station along the west Antarctic Peninsula", published in *Polar Biology* 48, 110 (2025), by Shavonna M. Bent et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-025-03430-5
DNA metabarcoding and spatial modelling link diet diversification with distribution homogeneity in European bats
<p>Inferences of the interactions between species’ ecological niches and spatial distribution have been historically based on simple metrics such as low-resolution dietary breadth and range size, which might have impeded the identification of meaningful links between niche features and spatial patterns. We analysed the relationship between dietary niche breadth and spatial distribution features of European bats, by combining continent-wide DNA metabarcoding of faecal samples with species distribution modelling. Our results show that while range size is not correlated with dietary features of bats, the homogeneity of the spatial distribution of species exhibits a strong correlation with dietary breadth. We also found that dietary breadth is correlated with bats’ hunting flexibility. However, these two patterns only stand when the phylogenetic relations between prey are accounted for when measuring dietary breadth. Our results suggest that the capacity to exploit different prey types enables species to thrive in more distinct environments and therefore exhibit more homogeneous distributions within their ranges.</p>
Fig. 1 in Is the Egyptian fruit-bat Rousettus aegyptiacus a pest in Israel? An analysis of the bat's diet and implications for its conservation
Fig. 1. Monthly mean number of droppings (with standard error bars) of Rousettus aegyptiacus in Nachash and Rakefet caves during 1994 and 1995. Samples collected from three 1 m2 sheets during 48 h each month.
Figure 1 in Habitat and diet of Bhutan takin Budorcas taxicolor whitei during summer in Jigme Dorji National Park, Bhutan
Figure 1. Location of study area, Tsharijathang valley (black box), within Jigme Dorji National Park (shaded grey), north-western Bhutan.
Data from: Dynamics of diet-egg transfer of fatty acids in the teleost fish, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)
<p>Eggs of marine organisms are increasingly being recognized as important components of marine food webs. The degree to which egg fatty acid profiles reflect maternal diet fatty acid profiles, and therefore the value of fatty acids in eggs as trophic biomarkers, depends on the species' reproductive strategy and the extent of modification of ingested fatty acids. We measured the dynamics of transfer of recently ingested fatty acids to spawned eggs in a batch-spawning teleost, red drum (<em>Sciaenops ocellatus</em>). Results of 21 dietshift experiments, from which the fatty acid profiles of the diets and eggs were compared, showed that 15 of 27 fatty acids measured (one saturated, two monounsaturated and 12 polyunsaturated fatty acids) in eggs were correlated with their levels in the recent diet, and the rate of incorporation into eggs was proportional to the magnitude of the diet shift. Large shifts in diet might occur naturally during spawningmigrations or when prey communities vary over time. Results of this study indicate that fatty acids in red drum eggs can be useful for studying adult diet and exploring trophic linkages in marine systems.</p> <p>This article is part of the theme issue 'The next horizons for lipids as 'trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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