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96 results for “Drought resistance”
Data from: Positive plant diversity effects on soil microbial drought resistance are linked to variation in labile carbon and microbial community structure
<p><span>Biodiversity loss and drought are substantially altering both above-and belowground terrestrial ecosystem functioning, but mechanistic understanding of plant diversity effects on the drought resistance of soil microbial biomass remains limited. </span></p> <p><span>We designed a mesocosm experiment to examine drought resistance of soil microbial biomass along a plant species richness gradient (five plant species richness levels based on old-field communities). We calculated resistance of microbial biomass to drought and recorded key belowground properties which may influence microbial resistance to drought (i.e., microbial diversity, microbial community structure, soil carbon stocks and root biomass). </span></p> <p><span>Plant species richness had a positive effect on microbial resistance to drought. Variation in microbial resistance to drought was linked to properties of the fungal community in ambient soil (Shannon diversity, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal richness and abundance) but not soil bacterial diversity. Moreover, microbial resistance to drought increased with increasing root biomass and dissolved organic carbon recorded under ambient conditions. </span></p> <p><span>These results highlight the importance of plant diversity for microbial biomass stability in our old-field study system with implications for biogeochemical cycling, and suggest that indirect effects of plant species richness on labile soil carbon and soil fungi may drive resistance of soil microbial biomass to drought. </span></p>
Drought tolerant grassland species are generally more resistant to competition
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Data from: Resistance of Australian fish communities to drought and flood: implications for climate change and adaptations
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Data from: Tree growth rate-mediated trade-off between drought resistance and recovery in the Northern Hemisphere
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Data set for: Leaf trait association in relation to herbivore defense, drought resistance, and economics in a tropical invasive plant
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Different diversity mechanisms underlying drought resistance in native and invaded communities
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Decoupling of functional traits from intraspecific patterns of growth and drought stress resistance
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Data from: Interplay between rainfall and hillslope hydrology determines drought resistance of tropical vegetation
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Data from: Positive plant diversity effects on soil microbial drought resistance are linked to variation in labile carbon and microbial community structure
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Data from: Vascular epiphytes show low physiological resistance and high recovery capacity to episodic, short-term drought in Monteverde, Costa Rica
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Data from: Unique drought resistance strategies occur among monkeyflower populations spanning an aridity gradient
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Leaf-level resistance to frost, drought and heat covaries across European temperate tree seedlings
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Data from: Linking physiological drought resistance traits to growth and mortality of three northeastern tree species
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Data from: Multivariate selection mediated by aridity predicts divergence of drought resistant traits along natural aridity gradients of an invasive weed
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Sex-specific non-structural carbohydrate variation and hydraulics explain differences in drought resistance of Populus euphratica females and males along an aridity gradient
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Topography strongly affects drought stress and xylem embolism resistance in woody plants from a karst forest in Southwest China
<p>1. Xylem resistance to drought-induced embolism is an important trait determining plant distribution. In the karst hills of Southwest China, with a relatively small variation in altitude, soil depth and water availability strongly decrease from the foot towards the top, and woody plant species display distinct spatial distribution.</p> <p>2. For testing the hypothesis that embolism resistance of leaf and stem xylem reflects the spatial distribution across species along a topographical gradient of the karst hills, we measured the xylem water potential in the dry season, vulnerability to drought-induced embolism in stems and leaves, and relevant anatomical traits in 17 evergreen species with a different topographical distribution.</p> <p>3. We found that from the foot towards the hill top, plant water potential sharply decreased, and both stem and leaf xylem showed increasing resistance to hydraulic dysfunction and drought-resistant anatomical characteristics, but non-significant variation in specific hydraulic conductivity. Also, hydraulic safety margins increased with relative altitude and thus increasing water deficit, which underlies the local distribution of the species, but does not come at the cost of hydraulic efficiency.</p> <p>4. Our results demonstrate that plant hydraulic safety largely shape the niche differentiation and hence community assembly in highly heterogeneous and water-limited landscapes.</p>
Associational resistance to both insect and pathogen damage in mixed forests is modulated by tree neighbour identity and drought
Tree health declines can be caused by interactions between pests and pathogens and many studies have shown a reduction in their damage in mixed species forests compared to monocultures. Yet few authors have considered tree diversity effects on both groups simultaneously. Moreover, it is unclear whether diversity effects on tree pests and pathogens are robust to changes in abiotic conditions, such as drought. We addressed tree diversity effects on foliar insect herbivory, oak powdery mildew and their interaction under contrasting water regimes in a large-scale tree diversity experiment in SW France. Using an irrigation treatment that alleviated drought conditions, we were able to experimentally assess the effects of tree diversity under contrasting abiotic environments. We surveyed plots along a richness gradient from 1 – 4 tree species, in which a focal study species of oak (Q. robur) was mixed with other oak species (Q. pyrenaica and Q. ilex) and a taller, broadleaved species (Betula pendula). Increasing tree species richness lowered leaf miner abundance, leaf chewer damage and oak powdery mildew infection, consistent with a protective effect of resource dilution. However, richness effects on leaf miners were stronger in irrigated compared to non-irrigated blocks, indicating that environmental conditions can modulate diversity effects. Separate from the effect of tree species richness, the presence of birch in a plot increased damage by leaf chewers and powdery mildew, but lowered leaf miner damage, suggesting additional tree neighbour identity effects potentially linked to modulation of microclimate. We found a negative association between leaf miner abundance and oak powdery mildew, consistent with antagonism between oak damage agents. Overall, our study illustrates the importance of considering both tree diversity and composition (neighbour identity) in designing forests more resistant to pest and pathogen damage.
Palms and trees resist extreme drought in Amazon forests with shallow water tables
1. The intensity and frequency of severe droughts in the Amazon region has increase in recent decades. These extreme events are associated with changes in forest dynamics, biomass and floristic composition. However, most studies of drought response have focused on upland forests with deep water tables, which may be especially sensitive to drought. Palms, which tend to dominate the less well-drained soils, have also been neglected. The relative neglect of shallow water tables and palms is a significant concern for our understanding of tropical drought impacts, especially as one third of Amazon forests grow on shallow water tables (<5m deep). 2. We evaluated the drought response of palms and trees in forests distributed over a 600 km transect in central-southern Amazonia, where the landscape is dominated by shallow water table forests. We compared vegetation dynamics before and following the 2015-16 El Nino drought, the hottest and driest on record for the region (-214 mm of cumulative water deficit). 3. We observed no change in stand mortality rates and no biomass loss in response to drought in these forests. Instead, we observed an increase in recruitment rates, which doubled to 6.78% y-1 ± 4.40 (mean ± SD) during 2015-16 for palms and increased by half for trees (to 2.92% y-1 ± 1.21), compared to rates in the pre-El-Nino interval. Within these shallow water table forests, mortality and recruitment rates varied as a function of climatic drought intensity and water table depth for both palms and trees, with mortality being greatest in climatically and hydrologically wetter environments and recruitment greatest in drier environments. Across our transect there was a significant increase over time in tree biomass. 4. Synthesis: Our results indicate that forests growing over shallow water tables – relatively under-studied vegetation that nonetheless occupies one-third of Amazon forests - are remarkably resistant to drought. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that local hydrology and its interactions with climate strongly constrain forest drought effects, and has implications for climate change feedbacks. This work enhances our understanding of integrated drought effects on tropical forest dynamics and highlights the importance of incorporating neglected forest types into both the modeling of forest climate responses and into public decisions about priorities for conservation.
Data from: Yield of temperate forage grassland species is either largely resistant or resilient to experimental summer drought
Due to climate change, an increasing frequency and severity of drought events are expected to impair grassland productivity, particularly of intensively managed temperate grasslands. To assess drought impacts, a common field experiment to manipulate precipitation was set up at three sites (two Swiss and one Irish) using monocultures and mixtures with two and four key forage species. Species differed in their functional traits: a shallow-rooted non-legume (Lolium perenne L.), a deep-rooted non-legume (Cichorium intybus L.), a shallow-rooted legume (Trifolium repens L.) and a deep-rooted legume (Trifolium pratense L.). A nine-week summer drought was simulated and soil water status and above-ground biomass yield were compared to a rainfed control. Based on soil water measurements, the drought induced severe stress at both Swiss sites and extreme stress at the Irish site. Under severe drought, the legumes were more drought-resistant and showed an average change in above-ground biomass (CAB, compared to rainfed control) of only -8% and -24% (for the two Swiss sites) while the non-legumes had an average CAB of -51% and -68%. However, under extreme drought, all species were substantially impaired, with an average CAB of -85%. During a six-week post-drought period with adequate water supply (Swiss sites), formerly drought-stressed species were highly resilient and attained (legumes) or clearly outperformed (non-legumes) the yield level of the rainfed controls. As a result, aggregated over the drought and the post-drought periods, a negative drought impact was largely absent. Significant overyielding by multi-species mixtures was evident under rainfed control (+38% predicted CAB across all sites, P < 0.05) and persisted under severe drought conditions (+50%, P < 0.05). This overyielding was so large that drought-stressed mixtures at least attained the same yield as the average of the rainfed monocultures. Yields of selected species of intensively managed temperate grasslands are either resistant to a single severe drought or are highly resilient as soon as soil moisture levels recover after the drought event. Combining species in mixtures can compensate for yield reductions caused by severe drought and it offers a practical management tool to adapt forage production to climate change.
Data from: Loss of heterosis and family-dependent inbreeding depression in plant performance and resistance against multiple herbivores under drought stress
1. Inbreeding depression (ID), outbreeding depression (OD) and heterosis can occur concurrently in plant populations. ID often increases under environmental stress, but the combined effects of inbreeding, outbreeding between populations and environmental stress, such as drought, on plant performance and herbivore resistance remain unclear. 2. In order to determine environment-dependent and family-dependent ID, OD and heterosis we conducted a common garden experiment with plants from five populations of Brassica nigra. Inbred, within-population outbred and between-population outbred plant families were exposed to drought or ambient water levels. We recorded the abundance and damage caused by specialist herbivores from contrasting feeding guilds, i.e. the phloem-feeding Brevicoryne brassicae, the leaf-chewing Psylliodes chrysocephalus and the stem-boring Ceutorhynchus quadridens larvae. 3. Drought stress had negative effects on growth, herbivore resistance and resistance against B. brassicae and positive effects on investments in reproductive output and plant secondary metabolites (sinigrin). We found drought stress-induced loss of heterosis for plant height and investment in reproductive output. Between-population outbred plants were more sensitive to drought stress in terms of above-ground biomass compared to within-population outbred plants. 4. Drought and inbreeding synergistically negatively influenced traits related to growth and reproductive output (environment-dependent inbreeding depression, EDID). There was high variation among families within populations in the degree of ID and EDID. Genetic variation in EDID could buffer the negative effects of genetic stress associated with habitat fragmentation and concurrent environmental stress. In order to capture fully the effects of both inbreeding and between-population outbreeding under stress the different spatial scales of the effects of inbreeding and between-population outbreeding should be taken into account. 5. Synthesis. Our results indicate that drought stress influences not only inbreeding depression (ID), but also heterosis. These findings shed new light on the combined effects of anthropogenic environmental change and the genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation on plants and their interactions with other organisms. Conservation programmes aiming to restore genetically degraded populations with the translocation of individuals between populations should consider environmental stress as a risk factor.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.