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175 results for “Drought tolerance”
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and drought tolerance of Cinnamomum migao by enhancing physio-biochemical responses
<p>Drought is the main limiting factor for plant growth in karst areas with a fragile ecological environment. <em>Cinnamomum</em> <em>migao</em> H. W. Li is an endemic medicinal woody plant present in the karst areas of southwestern China, and it is endangered due to poor drought tolerance. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to enhance the drought tolerance of plants. However, few studies have examined the contribution of AMF in improving the drought tolerance of <em>Cinnamomum</em> <em>migao</em> seedlings. Therefore, we conducted a series of experiments to determine whether a single inoculation and coinoculation of AMF (<em>Claroideoglomus</em> <em>lamellosum</em> and <em>Claroideoglomus</em> <em>etunicatum</em>) enhanced the drought tolerance of <em>Cinnamomum</em> <em>migao</em>. Further, we compared the effects of single inoculation and coinoculation with different inoculum sizes (20, 40, 60, and 100 g; four replicates per treatment) on mycorrhizal colonization rate, plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and osmoregulatory substance contents. The results showed that compared with nonmycorrhizal plants, AMF colonization significantly improved plant growing status; net photosynthetic rate; superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities; and soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline contents. Further, AMF colonization increased relative water content and reduced MDA content in cells. These combined cumulative effects of AMF symbiosis ultimately enhanced the drought tolerance of seedlings and were closely related to the inoculum size. With an increase in inoculum size, the growth rate and drought tolerance of plants first increased and then decreased. The damage caused by drought stress could be reduced by inoculating 40–60 g of AMF, and the effect of co-inoculation was significantly better than that of single inoculation at 60 g of AMF, while the effect was opposite at 40 g of AMF. Additionally, the interaction between AMF and inoculum sizes had a significant effect on drought tolerance. In conclusion, the inoculation of the AMF <em>Claroideoglomus lamellosum</em> and <em>Claroideoglomus</em> <em>etunicatum</em> improved photosynthesis, activated antioxidant enzymes, regulated cell osmotic state, and enhanced the drought tolerance of <em>Cinnamomum</em> <em>migao</em>, enabling its growth in fragile ecological environments.</p>
Data from: Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth confers early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet
<p><span>Seedling root traits impact plant establishment under challenging environments. Pearl millet is one of the most heat- and drought-tolerant cereal crops that provides a vital food source across the sub-Saharan Sahel region. Pearl millet's early root system features a single fast-growing primary root which we hypothesize is an adaptation to the Sahelian climate. Using crop modelling, we demonstrate that early drought stress is an important constraint in agrosystems in the Sahel where pearl millet was domesticated. Furthermore, we show that increased pearl millet primary root growth is correlated with increased early water stress tolerance in field conditions. Genetics including GWAS and QTL approaches identify genomic regions controlling this key root trait. Combining gene expression data, re-sequencing and re-annotation of one of these genomic regions identified a glutaredoxin-encoding gene <em>PgGRXC9</em> as the candidate stress resilience root growth regulator. Functional characterization of its closest <em>Arabidopsis</em> homolog <em>AtROXY19</em> revealed a novel role for this glutaredoxin (GRX) gene clade in regulating cell elongation. In summary, our study suggests a conserved function for GRX genes in conferring root cell elongation and enhancing resilience of pearl millet to its Sahelian environment. </span></p>
Functional traits and drought strategy predict leaf thermal tolerance
<p>Heat stress imposes an important physiological constraint on native plant species – one that will only worsen with human-caused climate change. Indeed, rising temperatures have already contributed to large-scale plant mortality events across the globe. These impacts may be especially severe in cities, where the urban heat island effect amplifies climate warming. Understanding how plant species will respond physiologically to rising temperatures and how these responses differ among plant functional groups is critical for predicting future biodiversity scenarios and making informed land management decisions. In this study, we evaluated the effects of elevated temperatures on a functionally and taxonomically diverse group of woody native plant species in a restored urban nature preserve in southern California using measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of leaf thermotolerance. Our aim was to determine if species' traits and drought strategies could serve as useful predictors of thermotolerance. We found that leaf thermotolerance differed among species with contrasting drought strategies, and several leaf-level functional traits were significant predictors of thermotolerance thresholds. Drought deciduous species with high specific leaf area, high rates of transpiration, and low water-use efficiency were the most susceptible to heat damage, while evergreen species with sclerophyllous leaves, high relative water content, and high water-use efficiency maintained photosynthetic function at higher temperatures. While these native shrubs and trees are physiologically equipped to withstand relatively high temperatures in this Mediterranean-type climate, hotter conditions imposed by climate change and urbanization may exceed the tolerance thresholds of many species. We show that leaf functional traits and plant drought strategies may serve as useful indicators of species' vulnerabilities to climate change, and this information can be used to guide restoration and conservation in a warmer world.</p>
Exposure to teflubenzuron reduces drought tolerance of collembolans
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Drought tolerant grassland species are generally more resistant to competition
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Phenotypic plasticity versus ecotypic differentiation under recurrent summer drought in two drought-tolerant pine species
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and drought tolerance of Cinnamomum migao by enhancing physio-biochemical responses
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Data from: Drought tolerance as an evolutionary precursor to frost and winter tolerance in grasses
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Multi-locus genome-wide association study for grain yield and drought tolerance indices in sorghum accessions
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Weak coordination between leaf drought tolerance and proxy traits in herbaceous plants
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Recent tree diversity increase in NE Iberian forests following intense management release: A task for animal-dispersed and drought tolerant species
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Functional traits and their plasticity shift from tolerant to avoidant under extreme drought
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Data from: Leaf drought tolerance cannot be inferred from classic leaf traits in a tropical rainforest
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Data from: Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth confers early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet
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Functional traits and drought strategy predict leaf thermal tolerance
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Drought stress and high heat tolerance in domesticated Phaseolus beans
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Data from: Identifying genetic variation associated with environmental variation and drought-tolerance phenotypes in ponderosa pine
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Data from: Elucidating the role of genetic drift and natural selection in cork oak differentiation regarding drought tolerance
Drought is the main selection agent in Mediterranean ecosystems and it is been suggested as an important evolutionary force responsible for population diversification in these environments. However, population divergence in quantitative traits can be driven by either directional natural selection, genetic drift or both. To investigate the roles of these forces on among-population divergence in ecophysiological traits related to drought tolerance (Δ13C, SLA, leaf size, Nmass), we compared molecular and quantitative genetic differentiation among thirteen cork oak (Quercus suber L.) populations spanning over a gradient of rainfall and temperature. Population differentiation for height, specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content far exceeded the molecular differentiation measured by six nuclear microsatellites and was associated with the climatic gradient in among-year rainfall variation. These results suggest (1) these traits are subjected to directional selection and (2) the genetic differences among populations are partly due to adaptation to the rainfall unpredictability at the place of origin. By contrast, the low among population divergence found in stem diameter, annual growth and carbon isotopic discrimination (a surrogate for water use efficiency) and the weak association with the environmental gradient suggest low or no directional selection on these traits under dry conditions. Among-population differentiation for neutral markers was not a good predictor for differentiation regarding the quantitative traits studied here, but for leaf size. The observed correlation between the genetic differentiation for leaf size and that for molecular markers was exclusively due to the association between leaf size and microsatellite QpZAG46, which suggests a possible linkage between microsatellite QpZAG46 and genes encoding for leaf size.
Data from: Parental environmental effects due to contrasting watering adapt competitive ability, but not drought tolerance, in offspring of a semi-arid annual Brassicaceae
1. Parental effects (PE) can be adaptive and improve offspring performance when parents and offspring experience similar environmental conditions. However, it is unknown whether adaptive PE exist also in habitats where such similarity is unlikely due to strong temporal variation. In particular, we do not know whether PE can adapt offspring to fluctuating levels of neighbour competition in such habitats. 2. Here, we tested for adaptive PE in terms of two key environmental factors in a semi-arid annual system, competition and drought. While rainfall was stochastic in the study site, the competitive environment was partly predictable: higher plant densities followed after favourable (rainy) years due to high seed production. We therefore expected PE to adapt the offspring's competitive ability to these (predictable) fluctuations in plant densities, rather than to adapt the offspring's drought tolerance to the (unpredictable) occurrence of intensified drought. 3. Parental plants of Biscutella didyma, an annual Brassicaceae, were raised under favourable watering and under drought conditions. Offspring performance was then tested under a full-factorial combination of two neighbour regimes and six watering levels in the glasshouse. 4. Offspring of parents grown under favourable conditions were stronger competitors. This was associated with a small shift in phenology but not with higher parental seed provisioning. Offspring from parents grown under drought showed no improved drought tolerance. Moreover, no PE were detectable when offspring were grown without neighbours. 5. Our results suggest a novel path of adaptive PE: higher competitive ability was induced in offspring that were more likely to experience high neighbour densities. Together with the lack of adaptive PE towards drought tolerance, this emphasizes that a correlation between parental and offspring environment is crucial for adaptive PE to evolve. Our results also call for the inclusion of competitive effects in future PE studies. 6. Synthesis. This study demonstrates the important role of adaptive PE for plant fitness (regarding competition) but also their limits (regarding drought) in temporally variable environments, based on the predictability of the respective environmental factor.
Data from: Development of microsatellite markers for buffalograss (Buchloë dactyloides; Poaceae), a drought-tolerant turfgrass alternative
Premise of the study: Buchloë dactyloides is an important component of Great Plains prairies and a popular drought-tolerant turfgrass alternative in North America. This species comprises an autopolyploid series, and microsatellite primers were developed in order to understand the distribution of genetic variation among cytotypes and across its large geographic range. Methods and Results: Fifteen microsatellite loci were designed and successfully amplified in six B. dactyloides populations. Within-population genetic diversity was comparatively high, consistent with B. dactyloides' life history. Allelic variation at 13 loci was consistent with cytotype established in chromosome-counted samples. Conclusions: This variable, interpretable set of loci allows for the determination of multi-locus genotype in B. dactyloides individuals of varying cytotype. Data such as these from a range-wide sample set can provide important insights for germplasm conservation and crop improvement in this ecologically and economically important species.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.