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Figure 5. The 3-D in A new species of baenid turtle from the Early Cretaceous Lakota Formation of South Dakota

Figure 5. The 3-D-rendered CT images of a skull, Lakotemys australodakotensis gen. et. sp. nov., Berriasian–Barremian Lakota Formation, Fall River County, South Dakota, USA. OMNH 66106 in (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) anterior, (d) posterior, (e) right lateral, and (f) left lateral views. Abbreviations are as follows: fr: frontal; pa: parietal; po: postorbital.

Figure 2. OMNH 67133, a in A new species of baenid turtle from the Early Cretaceous Lakota Formation of South Dakota

Figure 2. OMNH 67133, a partial shell, holotype, Lakotemys australodakotensis gen. et. sp. nov., Berriasian–Barremian Lakota Formation, Fall River County, South Dakota, USA. Photographs and illustrations in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view. Dashed lines connote sutures observed in 3-D-rendered CT scans (see Fig. 4). Abbreviations are as follows: Ab: abdominal scute; An: anal scute; co: costal; Fe: femoral scute; Hu: humeral scute; hyo: hyoplastron; hyp: hypoplastron; Ma: marginal scutes; mes: mesoplastron; ne: neural; Pe: pectoral scutes; per: peripheral; Pl: pleural scutes; sp: suprapygal; Ve: vertebral scute; xi: xiphiplastron.

Fig. 2 in A new Early Cretaceous flea from China

Fig. 2. Saurophthirid flea Saurophthirus laevigatus Zhang, Shih, Rasnitsyn, and Gao sp. nov., male (holotype, CNU-SIP-LL2015001) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Northeastern China. A. Part, head in ventral view (A1), head with position of the mouthpart indicated (A2, white arrowheads referring laciniae), bristles of the coxae (A3, black arrowheads referring bristles), tibia of the fore leg (A4). B. Counterpart, the laciniae under the unilateral light (B1), terminalia of the abdomen showing the setae (B2, B3). A3, B2, B3, photographed under alcohol. Scale bars 0.5 mm.

Fig. 3. Saurophthirid flea Saurophthirus longipes Ponomarenko, 1976 in A new Early Cretaceous flea from China

Fig. 3. Saurophthirid flea Saurophthirus longipes Ponomarenko, 1976, male (PIN 3064/2379, after Rasnitsyn 1992) from Lower Cretaceous of Baissa, Siberia, Transbaikalia, Russia. Part (A) and counterpart (B, photographed under alcohol), note the details of genitalia (A). 7, 8, 9, the seventh to ninth abdominal segments. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 1 in A new Early Cretaceous flea from China

Fig. 1. Saurophthirid flea Saurophthirus laevigatus Zhang, Shih, Rasnitsyn, and Gao sp. nov., male (holotype, CNU-SIP-LL2015001) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Northeastern China. A. Part, habitus in general view (A1), line drawing (A3), enlargement of antenna (A2), details of genitalia (A4, A5); 7, 8, 9, the seventh to ninth abdominal segments. B. Counterpart, general view (B1), enlargements of claws (B2, B3, arrows). A5, photographed under alcohol. Scale bars: A1, B1, 1 mm; A3, 2 mm; A2, A4, A5, B2, B3, 0.5 mm.

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Fig. 1 in A relict stem salamander: evidence from the Early Cretaceous of Siberia

Fig. 1. Fragmentary trunk vertebral centrum (LMCCE 1/4) of stem salamander Caudata, gen. et sp. indet. from the Shestakovo locality, Lower Cretaceous Aptian–Albian), Ilek Formation, Western Siberia, Russia; in right lateral (A), left lateral (B), ventral (C, anterior towards top), posterior (D), anterior (E), and dorsal (F, anterior towards top) views. Photographs (A1–C1, D–F) and interpretive drawings (A2–C2).

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Fig. 2 in A relict stem salamander: evidence from the Early Cretaceous of Siberia

Fig. 2. Simplified relationships and temporal ranges of stem- and crowngroup salamanders. Stem salamanders are represented only by Karauridae (i.e., Kokartus + Karaurus). A, stratigraphic placement (Bathonian) of the stem salamander Kokartus (note that the stem salamanders Marmorerpeton, "Kirtlington salamander A", Urupia, and "Berezovsk salamander A" have the same stratigraphic placements). B, stratigraphic placement (Kimmeridgian) of Karaurus (note that salamanders "cf. Marmorerpeton" from Portugal and the possible "stem salamander" from the USA have approximately the same stratigraphic placements). C, stratigraphic placement (Aptian–Albian) of the stem salamander Caudata, Gen. et sp. indet. reported here from the Shestakovo locality and possible stem salamanders from the Cloverly Formation of USA.

Figure 21 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 21. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), possible fragment of anterior pubic process in A, lateral, B, medial, C, anterior and D, posterior views. Views assume that the distal end is to the left. Abbreviation: py, pyrite. Scale bar ¼ 50 mm.

Figure 23 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 23. Three cladograms depicting the phylogenetic relationships of Brighstoneus simmondsi. A, strict consensus tree based on the matrix of Xu et al. (2018) with two additional characters added. Tree length ¼ 338 steps, consistency index ¼ 0.583, rescaled consistency index ¼ 0.510, retention index ¼ 0.874; B, section of strict consensus tree obtained after excluding new nasal character (124) and ilium character (125). Bootstrap values given above line, Bremer support below line; C, section of 50% majority rule consensus of 10 MPTs (for full tree see Supplementary material, Fig. S9).

Figure 18 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 18. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), caudal vertebrae. A, 'caudal A' in left lateral view; B, 'caudal A' in posterior view; C, 'caudal B' in right lateral view; D, 'caudal B' in posterior view; E, 'caudal C' in left lateral view; F, 'caudal C' in anterior view; G, 'caudal D' in anterior view; H, 'caudal D' in left lateral view; I, 'caudal D' in posterior view; J, 'caudal D' in dorsal view; K, 'caudal D' in ventral view; L, 'caudal E' in left lateral view; M, 'caudal E' in anterior view; N, 'caudal E' in ventral view; O, 'caudal F' in right lateral view; P, 'caudal F' in posterior view. Abbreviations: ahf, anterior haemapophyseal facet; lr, lateral ridge; ns, neural spine; phf, posterior haemapophyseal facet; plp, pleurapophysis (caudal rib); poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; sb, small boss. Scale bars ¼ 100 mm.

Figure 22 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 22. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), right femur in A, anterior, B, medial, C, posterior, D, lateral, E, dorsal and F, ventral views. Reconstruction of distal femur shown in Ais based on Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis (Norman 1986). Abbreviations: 4t, fourth trochanter; at, anterior trochanter; dr, diagonal ridge; eig, extensor intercondylar groove; es, eroded surface; fh, femoral head; fig, flexor intercondylar groove; gt, greater trochanter; mc, medial condyle. Scale bar ¼ 100 mm.

Figure 15 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 15. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), dorsal vertebrae. A–E, 'dorsal C' in A, right lateral, B, dorsal (of neural spine), C, anterior, D, ventral and E, posterior views. F, close-up of fracture site on neural spine of 'dorsal E'. G, fragment of pathological dorsal neural spine. H, section of neural spine with bite marks. Abbreviations: afc, anterior surface of centrum; ca, callus; ch, channel; gr, groove; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; os, ostosis; ot, ossified tendons; pa, parapophysis; pfc, posterior surface of centrum; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; tm, tooth marks; tp, transverse process; vk, ventral keel. Scale bars ¼ 100 mm (A–E) and 50 mm (F–H).

Figure 13 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 13. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), dorsal vertebrae series arranged in probable anterior to posterior order. A–H, left lateral views of dorsals A–H; A0, dorsal A anterior view; B0, dorsal B anterior view; C0 dorsal C anterior view; D0, dorsal Dposterior view; E0, dorsal E anterior, view; F0, dorsal Fanterior view; G0, dorsal Ganterior view; H0, dorsal Hposterior view. Scale bar ¼ 100 mm.

Figure 12 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 12. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), crowns from right dentary (posterior is to the right). A, dentary crown in lingual view; B, close-up of Ashowing denticles; C, dentary crown in lingual view; D, close-up of denticle from A showing mammillae. Abbreviations: ar, accessory ridge; d, marginal denticle; ma, mammilla; pr, primary ridge; sr, secondary ridge. Scale bars ¼ 10 mm (A), 5 mm (B, C) and 1 mm (D).

Figure 14 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 14. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), anterior dorsal vertebrae. A–C, 'dorsal A', probably D1 in A, right lateral, B, anterior and C, posterior views. D–F, 'dorsal B', probably D2 in D, right lateral, E, posterior and F, anterior views. Abbreviations: bf, extraneous bone fragment; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pa, parapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; tp, transverse process. Scale bar ¼ 50 mm.

Figure 16 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 16. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), dorsal ribs. A, proximal section of right rib in posterior view; B, specimen 'A' in anterior view (image reversed); C, close-up of Fshowing possible bioerosion; D, posterior series rib head with distal transverse process; E, anterior series, left rib, anterior view and E0, dorsal view; F, middle series (image reversed), left rib, posterior view and F0, dorsal view; G, middle series (image reversed), left rib, posterior view and G0, dorsal view; H, posterior series, right rib, posterior view and H0 dorsal view. Abbreviations: be, bioerosion; cap, capitulum; ef, elliptical foramen; fr, fracture; rr, rounded ridge; rug, rugosity; se, spatulate end; sg, shallow groove; sr, sharp ridge; tp, transverse process; tub, tuberculum. Scale bars ¼ 50 mm (A, B, D, E', F', G', H'), 100 mm (E–H) and 5 mm (C).

Figure 10 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 10. Preliminary reconstructions of the skulls of A, Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344) and B, Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis (NHMUK PV R5764) in lateral view. Shaded areas represent material present in the holotypes. Scale bar ¼ 100 mm.

Figure 11 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 11. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), maxillary crowns. A, right crown in buccal view; B, left crown in buccal view; C, left broken crown dorsal view; D, close-up of Ashowing mammillae on denticles; E, left broken crown in ventral view; F, ventral view of A; G, left crown in ventral view; H, lingual view of Bshowing primary and accessory ridges. Arrow labelled b ¼ buccal primary ridge, unlabelled ¼ lingual ridge. Abbreviations: ar, accessory ridge; d, denticle; da, damaged area; m, mammilla; pr, primary ridge. Scale bars ¼ 5 mm (A, B, C, E, F, H) and 2 mm (D, G).

Figure 19 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 19. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), ilia. A, preacetabular process of right ilium in medial view; B, cross-section of base of A. C–F, left ilium in C, dorsal, D, medial, E, lateral and F, ventral views. G, H, right ilium in G, lateral and H, medial views. Abbreviations: ac, acetabulum; bs, brevis shelf; dms, dorsomedial surface; er, eroded area; ftp, facet for transverse process; gr, groove; ip, ischiadic peduncle; lp, lateral process; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; pr, primary ridge; prap, preacetabular process; sr, secondary ridge. Scale bars ¼ 100 mm.

Figure 9 in A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England

Figure 9. Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov. (MIWG 6344), right (A–E) and left (F, G) dentaries in A, ventral, B, medial, C, lateral, D, posterior, E, dorsal, F, dorsal and G, medial views. Abbreviations: af, adductor fossa; bs, buccal shelf; cp, coronoid process; dc, dentary crown; fo, foramen; gpd, groove for predentary; mc, Meckelian canal; sym, symphysis. Scale bar ¼ 100 mm.