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Figure 5 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 5. Carbonate microfacies of selected samples from the Rösenbeck quarry; all ×2. A – Middle Devonian reef limestone; B–F – Early Carboniferous dyke sediments. (a) Sample A: Stromatopora–Tabulata rudstone. Bioclast- and lithoclast-supported facies with fragments of stromatoporoids, tabulate corals (Thamnopora), and fragments of rugose corals and bivalves without preferred orientation. (b) Sample B: ammonoid packstone. Densely packed fragments of ammonoids within micritic matrix; some areas are filled with pseudosparite. Bioclast voids are filled with sparry calcite and displaying geopetal orientation. Ammonoids of various sizes from the initial stage (1 mm in diameter) up to 20 mm (but then fragmentary) are packed without preferred orientation. Numerous mollusc shell fragments (probably also mostly from ammonoids); less abundant are remains of ostracods, trilobites, and foraminifera. (c) Sample C: thin section with two successive carbonate facies. The lower part is a mollusc packstone with micritic matrix in which particularly small ammonoids up to 2 mm diameter are present; larger specimens are fragmented. Separated by a sharp boundary follows (in the upper part of the thin section) an ammonoid rudstone with densely packed ammonoids up to approximately 8 mm conch diameter. (d) Sample C: densely packed bioclastic and lithoclastic packstone with strongly fragmented mollusc shells and well-rounded clasts of phosphoritic nodules up to 10 mm length. Further biogens include ostracods, foraminifera, and conodonts. (e) Sample E: mollusc packstone with micritic matrix, which in some places is replaced by pseudosparite. Bioclast voids are filled with sparry calcite and show geopetal orientation. Most of the bioclasts are probably ammonoid shell remains; only one specimen is rather well preserved with internal whorls (Calygirtyoceras sp.). Further biogens are orthoconic cephalopods, ostracods, and trilobites. (f) Sample G: wackestone with occasionally occurring ammonoid conchs.

Figure 6 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 6. Stratigraphic column for the Viséan with the ammonoid stratigraphy and the presumed positions of the samples (timescale after Korn and Kaufmann, 2009).

Figure 4 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 4. Polished slab of sample E showing a breccia structure with various carbonate and phosphorite components; ×1.

Figure 2 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 2. Examples of neptunian dykes in the Middle Devonian limestone in the Rösenbeck quarry. (a) Funnel-shaped dyke largely filled with debris and mud. (b) Cave-like dyke filled with Early Carboniferous shales.

Figure 3 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 3. The position of the studied samples in the outcrop at the south-eastern margin of the limestone quarry. Sample A is from the top of the Middle Devonian reef limestone, and samples B to G are Early Carboniferous dyke sediments.

Figure 1 in Facies, origin, and palaeontological inventory of an Early Carboniferous neptunian dyke in the Devonian reef limestone near Rösenbeck (Brilon Anticline, Rhenish Mountains)

Figure 1. Geological map of the Brilon Syncline (after Bär, 1968) with the position of the Rösenbeck locality (marked by a star) at the eastern margin of the Brilon carbonate complex.

Fig. 9 in A new look at the Emsian (Early Devonian), sarcopterygian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, with a special reference to porolepiforms

Fig. 9. Sarcopterygii indet. from Podłazie, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, Emsian. A. MZ-VIII/Vp-437, ethmosphenoid in ventral view. B. PIG-PIB-12P, parietal in dorsal view. C–G. Undetermined elements in lateral view. C. D1080aD27UW. D. PIG 273. E. PIG-PIB-4P. F. MZ-VIII/Vp-457. G. MZ-VIII/Vp-66.

Fig. 5 in A new look at the Emsian (Early Devonian), sarcopterygian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, with a special reference to porolepiforms

Fig. 5. Porolepidid sarcopterygian Heimenia sp. from Podłazie, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, Emsian. Coronoids (A–C), teeth (D–F), dermopalatine G). A. PIG-PIB-8P in lateral (A1) and ventral (A2) views. B. PIG-PIB-9P in lateral (B1) and ventral (B2) views. C. PIG-PIB-10P in lateral (C1) and ventral C2) views. D. PIG-PIB-11P in lateral view. E. MZ-VIII/Vp-459 in lateral view. F. MZ-VIII/Vp-441 in lateral view. G. PIG-PIB-7P in lateral (G1) and ventral (G2) views, close up (G3).

Fig. 4 in A new look at the Emsian (Early Devonian), sarcopterygian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, with a special reference to porolepiforms

Fig. 4. Porolepidid sarcopterygian Porolepis sp. from Podłazie, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, Emsian. A. PIG-PIB-5P, parietal in ventral view (A1), interpretative drawing of the complete element in ventral view (A2). B. PIG 178, median extrascapular in dorsal (B1) and ventral (B2) views, interpretative drawing of the complete element in dorsal view (B3). C. MZ-VIII/Vp-458, postparietal in dorsal view (C1), interpretative drawing of the dorsal view (C2).

Fig. 8 in A new look at the Emsian (Early Devonian), sarcopterygian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, with a special reference to porolepiforms

Fig. 8. Sarcopterygii indet. from Podłazie, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, Emsian. Lower jaw (A–F), maxilla (G, H). A. Lower jaw (PIG-PIB-2P) in dorsal (A1) and lateral (A2) views. B. MZ-VIII/Vp-401 in dorsal (B1) and ventral (B2) views. C. PIG 349 in dorsal (C1) and ventral (C2) views. D. MZ-VIII/ Vp-402) in ventral (D1) and lateral (D2) views. E. MZ-VIII/Vp-403 in lateral view. F. PIG 1733.II.437 in dorsal (F1) and ventral (F2) views. G. MZ-VIII/ Vp-449 in lateral view. H. PIG-PIB-3P in ventral view.

Fig. 3 in A new look at the Emsian (Early Devonian), sarcopterygian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, with a special reference to porolepiforms

Fig. 3. Porolepidid sarcopterygian Porolepis sp. from Podłazie, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, Emsian. Lower jaws in ventral view. A. MZ-VIII/Vp-58. B. MZ-VIII/Vp-400.

Fig. 2 in A new look at the Emsian (Early Devonian), sarcopterygian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, with a special reference to porolepiforms

Fig. 2. Porolepidid sarcopterygian Porolepis sp. from Podłazie, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, Emsian. MZ-VIII/Vp-56, ethmosphenoid in ventral view.

Fig. 7 in A new look at the Emsian (Early Devonian), sarcopterygian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, with a special reference to porolepiforms

Fig. 7. Sarcopterygii indet. from Podłazie, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, Emsian. MZ-VIII/Vp-58, right jugal in external (A1, A2), ventral (A3), and lateral (A4, A5) views, interpretative drawing (A2), interpreted outline of the original (likely) shape of the jugal (A6; not to scale).

Fig. 6 in A new look at the Emsian (Early Devonian), sarcopterygian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, with a special reference to porolepiforms

Fig. 6. Porolepidid sarcopterygian Heimenia sp. from Podłazie, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, Emsian. Lower jaws in ventral view. A. MZ-VIII/Vp-61. B. MZ-VIII/Vp-55.

Fig. 1. A in A new look at the Emsian (Early Devonian), sarcopterygian fishes from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, with a special reference to porolepiforms

Fig. 1. A. Map showing location (inset) and Lower Devonian deposits of the Holy Cross Mountains (HCM), star indicates the investigated locality. B. Lithological profile of Podłazie Hill (modified from Szrek et al. 2014). C. Block of "Placoderm Sandstone" with vertebrate remains (after Szrek et al. 2014: fig. 7A).

Fig. 10 in A new Early Devonian antiarch placoderm from Belarus, and the phylogeny of Asterolepidoidei

Fig. 10. Stratigraphy and possible correlation of the Emsian–Eifelian deposits of Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, and Central Russia (CDF) (data from Lukševičs and Stinkulis 2018; Mark-Kurik 2000; Mark-Kurik and Põldvere 2012; Obukhovskaya et al. 2010; Valiukevičius and Kruchek 2000).

Fig. 8 in A new Early Devonian antiarch placoderm from Belarus, and the phylogeny of Asterolepidoidei

Fig. 8. Phylogeny of Euantiarcha. A. Strict consensus tree of 124 the most parsimonious trees based on the shortened and revised data-set from Wang and Zhu (2018). B. 50% majority-rule consensus tree of the most parsimonious trees. Numbers on branches indicate the percentage of most parsimonious trees that contain a particular clade (100% unless otherwise indicated). Taxa in bold traditionally attributed to Asterolepidoidea.

Fig. 9 in A new Early Devonian antiarch placoderm from Belarus, and the phylogeny of Asterolepidoidei

Fig. 9. Ranges of the Asterolepidoidei (based on data from Andrews 1978; Friman 1982; Gross 1941; Hemmings 1978; Johanson 1997; KaratajūteTalimaa 1960; Lukševičs 1991, 2021; Lyarskaya 1981; Malinovskaya 1973; Moloshnikov 2012; Olive 2015; Pan et al. 1987; Panteleyev 1992, 1993; Stensiö 1931; Zhao and Zhu 2010; Young 1984, 1990; Young and Gorter 1981; Young and Moody 2002).

Fig. 7 in A new Early Devonian antiarch placoderm from Belarus, and the phylogeny of Asterolepidoidei

Fig. 7. Phylogeny of 45 taxa of Antiarcha. A. Strict consensus tree of 185 most parsimonious trees based on the data-set from Wang and Zhu (2018), with addition of one character (SOM: character 80) and three antiarchs species (Asperaspis carinata, Walterilepis speciosa and Merimbulaspis meemannae). B. 50% majority-rule consensus tree of the 185 most parsimonious trees. Numbers on branches indicate the percentage of most parsimonious trees that contain a particular clade. Legend: B, taxa traditionally attributed to Bothriolepidoidea. Taxa in bold traditionally attributed to Asterolepidoidea.

Fig. 3 in A new Early Devonian antiarch placoderm from Belarus, and the phylogeny of Asterolepidoidei

Fig. 3. Fossil remains of the antiarch placoderm Sherbonaspis talimaae sp. nov.; upper Emsian of Belarus, borehole Korma-1 (A), borehole Osipovichi 6 (B–D), borehole Smol'ki 6п (E). A. BNTU 121/20-1, anterior ventral lateral plate in external (A1) and internal (A2) views. B. BNTU 44/2-1, fragmentary anterior ventral lateral plate in external view. C. BNTU 44/1-13a, paranuchal plate in external view. D. BNTU 44/2-2 (holotype), left posterior ventral lateral plate in external view. E. BNTU 158/1-1, left posterior ventral lateral plate in lateral view.