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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Intermediate data files from the compilation of Economy-wide Material Flow Accounts for the Domestic Extraction of abiotic materials

These files represent a selection of intermediary files from the compilation of material flow accounts on Domestic Extraction (DE) of abiotic materials. The main output of this compilation has been integrated in the UNEP IRP Global Material Flow Database (GMFD). These files include input files (e.g. IDs for data harmonization, or factors for data conversion), as well as output files (e.g. supplementary information, or detailed data accounts before aggregation and integration into the GMFD). Please note: These files are published exclusively for the purpose of making this information available to interested parties in a transparent and orderly fashion, in particular to other research projects who may have use for it. Therefore, these files are not associated with any publication and have not been adjusted or formatted with regard to any publications standards, i.e. they are uploaded exactly as they have been processed in the respective R Github repository of the underlying data compilation. The following description attempts to give a short overview of the respective types of files and their contents. For more detailed information on the data compilation, please refer to chapters 6, 8, and 10 in the <a href="https://resourcepanel.org/sites/default/files/irp_technical_annex_global_material_flows_database.pdf">technical report</a> of the GMFD.   Main data output (i.e. detailed material flow accounts) DE_met_min_fos_CCC_2021-11-04.csv: Data aggregated to the official categories (CCC/TCCC) used for integration into the GMFD. With IDs, without names (e.g. for materials and countries). DE_met_min_fos_CCC_with_names_2021-11-04.csv: Same as above, but with names. DE_met_min_fos_Detailed_2021-11-04.csv: Detailed accounts, as compiled, before final aggregation. With IDs, without names. DE_met_min_fos_Detailed_with_names_2021-11-04.csv: Same as above, but with names.   DE_met_min_fos_Detailed_2022-05-24.csv: Slightly revised version from May 2022. But not included in current GMFD version.   ID and concordance tables ccc_vs_mat_ids.csv: Concordance table for allocation of detailed material accounts to aggregated CCC accounts. country_ids.csv: General ID table for country IDs and names estimated_ids.csv: Material IDs which are assigned during application of ore estimation factors. geo_exist.csv: Table for consistent geographic adjustment of data for specific countries which have disintegrated over time (not including regions like Germany, Yemen, Ethiopia, Sudan, which all have been dealt with individually if necessary). material_ids.csv: General ID table for material IDs and names. source_country_ids.csv: Concordance table for country IDs (i.e. for allocation of harmonized IDs to source namings/IDs) source_material_ids.csv: Concordance table for material IDs (i.e. for allocation of harmonized IDs to source namings/IDs) source_unit_ids.csv: Concordance table for unit IDs (i.e. for allocation of harmonized IDs to source namings/IDs) unit_ids.csv: General ID table for unit IDs and names.   Conversion factors conversion_elements.csv: Factors applied for conversion from metal compounds to elemental metals. conversion_factors_units.csv: Factors applied for unit conversions.   Ore estimation factors <ul> <li>These factors represent content-to-ore ratios (i.e. "tonnes of extracted ore/mineral per ton of produced content”).</li> </ul> all_integrated_est_fac_2021-11-04.csv: Factors for estimation of metal and mineral ores (all which have been compiled/integrated) applied_est_fac_2021-11-04.csv: Factors for estimation of metal and mineral ores (which have actually been applied) average_metal_prices_1990-2020.csv: Metal prices applied in the compilation of estimation ratios. raw_metal_to_ore_ratios_fineprint.csv: Raw metal-to-ore ratios derived from FINEPRINT mining data. raw_metal_to_ore_ratios_snl.csv: Raw metal-to-ore ratios derived from SNL mining data.   Intermediate files from data processing all_interm_conv_integr_2021-12-13.csv: Harmonized, converted (units & elemental metals), integrated (i.e. without double counting). Before any estimations (ores & construction minerals) and before final cleaning/formatting. wmd_bgs_usgs_interm_harmonized_2021-12-13.csv: All harmonized raw data from WMD/BGS/USGS, before any further processing (i.e. with double counting).   Comparison data (for mining accounts from FINEPRINT project) data_for_comparison_2022-05-24.csv: Data set specifically compiled for comparison with accounts on production of mines from the FINEPRINT project. Has been applied for verification of data published in "Jasansky et al. (2022) An open database on global coal and metal mining". <ul> <li>Includes all available types of materials which have been reported (e.g. ores and metals and metal compounds) <ul> <li>meaning: also materials which are associated with each other, for example iron ore and iron (and would therefore have been selectively integrated/excluded in the GMFD compilation).</li> </ul> </li> <li>Excludes any double counting for the exact same material from different data sources</li> <li>Harmonized IDs, converted units</li> <li>Includes metal compounds approximated/converted from reported elemental metals (where possible)</li> </ul>   materialflows.net data_sunburst_material_profiles_20220607.csv: Full detail of data underlying the Sunburst visualization "Global Domestic Extraction in 2019, by material group" in section "Raw Material Profiles" on materialsflow.net. However, for all available years. Includes data on Domestic Extraction of biomass. Includes detail for CCC, MFA13+, MFA4+   Outliers overview_adjusted_outliers_2021-12-22.csv: Overview of outliers which were adjusted during final formatting.   Other approximation_tailings_detailed_2021-09-26.csv: Estimation of tailings based on reported amounts of ores/minerals and their respective contents.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

Database of a Riverine Economy in Mocajuba, Low Tocantins, Pará, Amazonia, Brazil

This database contains the results of a survey carried out in the municipality of Mocajuba, in the Cametá micro-region, in the Baixo Tocantins sub-region of the Northeastern Pará mesoregion, in the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. During 2011, the production processes of 38 typical peasant families from the Amazonian floodplain (ribeirinhos) were monitored in terms of their work application details and their results. The number of families and their territorial distribution (9 units on Ilha de Conceição de Mocajuba, 8 on Ilha Grande do Viseu, 7 on Ilha de Tauaré and 1 on Ilha de Angapijó), followed the sampling plan detailed in Doc1_PlanoAmostral_Mocajuba.docx. The dataset is organized as: <ol> <li>      Datasets with the families and production data</li> </ol> Mocajuba_FamiliesData.csv Mocajuba_ProductionData.csv <ol> <li>Datasets with special tabulation of data in Mocajuba_ProductionData.csv. As follow:</li> </ol> About Applied work by product Table1_Mocajuba_App_Work.csv About Production Table2_Mocajuba_Prod_Total.csv Table3_Mocajuba_Prod_Sold.csv Table4_Mocajuba_Prod_SelfConsum.csv About Gross Value of Production Table5_Mocajuba_GVP_Total.csv Table6_Mocajuba_GVP_Sold.csv Table7_Mocajuba_GVP_SelfConsum.csv

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Dataset for: A reproduction of C. Vita-Finzi and E. S. Higgs's Prehistoric Economy in the Mount Carmel Area of Palestine: Site Catchment Analysis

Land Shapefile The land vector dataset was sourced from the 10m Natural Earth Geopackage dataset. Topology The topological raster data set was sourced from 30m NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), which displays the global topography as it is found in the modern day. Land-Use The land-use raster was sourced from the Sentinel-2 10m Land Use/Land Cover Timeseries which provides a 10m resolution of land-use in the study area as of 2021. Rivers The river vector dataset was sourced from the HydroSHEDS data at 15 arc-second resolution based on the SRTM DEM. Lakes The lakes shapefile for the study area is from a large-scale data set from Natural Earth on a scale of 1:10m. This shapefile produces polygons which demonstrate the extent of the major lakes present in the area.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Supported data for manuscript: 'Future hydrogen economies imply environmental trade-offs and a supply-demand mismatch' (DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51251-7)

After unpacking the ZIP file, this repository contains the following files: results_lcoh_ecoinvent_391_reference.tif: grid-specific hydrogen production cost (euro/kg H2) for the reference scenario. results_lcoh_SSP2-Base_2050_base.tif: grid-specific hydrogen production cost (euro/kg H2) for the baseline scenario in 2050. results_lcoh_SSP2-PkBudg1150_2050_base.tif: grid-specific hydrogen production cost (euro/kg H2) for the 2°C scenario in 2050. results_lcoh_SSP2-PkBudg500_2050_base.tif: grid-specific hydrogen production cost (euro/kg H2) for the 1.5°C scenario in 2050. results_ghg_kg_h2_ecoinvent_391_reference.tif: grid-specific GHG emissions (kg CO2-eq./kg H2) from hydrogen production for the reference scenario. results_ghg_kg_h2_SSP2-Base_2050_base.tif: grid-specific GHG emissions (kg CO2-eq./kg H2) from hydrogen production for the baseline scenario in 2050. results_ghg_kg_h2_SSP2-PkBudg1150_2050_base.tif: grid-specific GHG emissions (kg CO2-eq./kg H2) from hydrogen production for the 2°C scenario in 2050. results_ghg_kg_h2_SSP2-PkBudg500_2050_base.tif: grid-specific GHG emissions (kg CO2-eq./kg H2) from hydrogen production for the 1.5°C scenario in 2050. main_gen_figures.ipynb: Jupyter Notebook script used to generate the main figures of the manuscript.

ASEAN ICT Data used in the study on ICT convergence for bottom 5 ASEAN economies

This dataset was used in a paper that examines digitalization convergence among lower income ASEAN economies.Data collected and processed as part of the ODDEA (Overcoming Digital Divide Between Europe and Southeast Asia) EU research project (Project ID: HORIZON MSCA-SE 101086381).

DIGITAL CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE IN EU AND ASEAN ECONOMIES

Digital Indicators <ol> <li>E Government Development Index</li> <li>Telecommunication Infrastructure Index</li> <li>Human Capital Index</li> <li>Online Service Index</li> <li>ICT Development Index</li> </ol> Data collected and processed as part of the ODDEA (Overcoming Digital Divide Between Europe and Southeast Asia) EU research project (Project ID: HORIZON MSCA-SE 101086381). the data was collected as part of ODDEA WP2.

Circular Economy, Digitalization and Environment

The data was used to analyze the state of circular economy, digitalization and environment for Malaysia and Poland. Data was collected and processed as part of the ODDEA (Overcoming Digital Divide Between Europe and Southeast Asia) EU research project (Project ID: HORIZON MSCA-SE 101086381)

ASEAN ICT Data used in the study on ICT convergence for bottom 5 ASEAN economies

This dataset was used in a paper that examines digitalization convergence among lower income ASEAN economies. Data collected and processed as part of the ODDEA (Overcoming Digital Divide Between Europe and Southeast Asia) EU research project (Project ID: HORIZON MSCA-SE 101086381).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Crossroads of Commerce: How the Taiwan Strait Propels the Global Economy - Supplemental Material

Supplemental Material to the CSIS Report: <a href="https://features.csis.org/chinapower/china-taiwan-strait-trade">Crossroads of Commerce: How the Taiwan Strait Propels the Global Economy</a> <ol> <li>tws_2022_trade_value_estimates.csv contains estimated trade value in USD for 2022. Denominators for % estimates based on <a href="https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37">2022 CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows</a> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Variable</td> <td>Description</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ISO</td> <td>ISO3 Country Code</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Economy </td> <td>Country/Region Name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TWS Imports_bln</td> <td>US$ value (billions) of imports that transit the Taiwan Strait</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TWS Imports_%</td> <td>% of total imports that transit the Taiwan Strait</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TWS Exports_bln</td> <td>US$ value (billions) of exports that transit the Taiwan Strait</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TWS Exports_%</td> <td>% of total exports that transit the Taiwan Strait</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Total TWS Trade_bln</td> <td>US$ value (billions) of trade (imports+exports) that transits the Taiwan Strait</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Total TWS Trade_%</td> <td>% of total trade (imports+exports) that transits the Taiwan Strait</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </li> <li> ChinaPower_CrossroadsCommerce_TaiwanStrait_methodology.pdf provides and overview of methodology and data sources. </li> <li> ChinaPower_CrossroadsCommerce_TaiwanStrait_factsheet.pdf provides key highlights derived from the data.</li> </ol> For questions about the data, please contact David Peng (dpeng@csis.org)

FIG. 11 in Nineteenth-century butchery and transport for a market economy: Plum Grove as a case study for commercial transactions in the Midwestern USA

FIG. 11. – Distal measurements of right cattle metatarsals (following von den Driesch 1976). Elements from immature individuals (un- fused) are here included with those from mature individuals (fused, with fusion taking place between 2-2.5 years of age [Grigson 1982: 22]). The division in size between older, smaller individuals and younger, larger ones may also represent a break between older females and younger males (figure created by Cerisa R. Reynolds).

FIG. 10 in Nineteenth-century butchery and transport for a market economy: Plum Grove as a case study for commercial transactions in the Midwestern USA

FIG. 10. – Each cattle skull from within Plum Grove's Bone Feature exhibits impact fractures indicative of blunt force trauma, indicating that each individual was killed in the same manner. These impact fractures are clearly visible in this photograph of five of the Fea- ture's cattle skulls (photograph courtesy of William E. Whittaker).

FIG. 3 in Nineteenth-century butchery and transport for a market economy: Plum Grove as a case study for commercial transactions in the Midwestern USA

FIG. 3. – Project location in relation the to surrounding topography, highlighting Plum Grove's location within Iowa City as well as Iowa City's location within the state of Iowa. Base map is aerial photo- graph from ISUGISSRF (2011); figure created by Bryan Kendall.

FIG. 1 in Nineteenth-century butchery and transport for a market economy: Plum Grove as a case study for commercial transactions in the Midwestern USA

FIG. 1. – Map of the contiguous U.S., with the main course of the Mississippi River highlighted in a thicker grey line. As the site this paper focuses on is located in Iowa City, Iowa, this city is also identified here as a grey circle (map from United-States-Map.com; modified by Cerisa R. Reynolds).

FIG. 2. – A in Nineteenth-century butchery and transport for a market economy: Plum Grove as a case study for commercial transactions in the Midwestern USA

FIG. 2. – A map of railways across the contiguous United States in 1870, with Iowa City, Iowa, and Chicago, Illinois, highlighted (map from http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/19-century/railroads-1870.jpg; adapted by Cerisa R. Reynolds).

FIG. 6. – A in Nineteenth-century butchery and transport for a market economy: Plum Grove as a case study for commercial transactions in the Midwestern USA

FIG. 6. – A map of the Plum Grove Historic Farm house and the Bone Feature,identifying where unit excavations have been carried out and where testing indicates the extent of the Bone Feature. As is visible here, the Bone Feature is parallel to and runs to the east of the Plum Grove house (figure created by Bryan Kendall).

FIG. 5 in Nineteenth-century butchery and transport for a market economy: Plum Grove as a case study for commercial transactions in the Midwestern USA

FIG. 5. – The northern face of the Plum Grove house, taken in 2010. The Bone Feature discussed throughout this paper was identified roughly 4-5m east (here, to the left) of the house (photography courtesy of William E. Whittaker). Additional photographs of the site as well as digital reconstructions of the property as it would have looked at various times throughout history can be seen at: http://www.uiowa.edu/~plumgrov/index.html.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Analysis of the concept of informal economy through 102 definitions: legality or necessity

Abstract The processes of informal economy are well established, but the same cannot be said of their conceptual treatment in the academic literature. They constitute complex phenomena that cut across sectors and disciplines and give rise to other elements that simultaneously reject and encourage them. For many formal stakeholders in the economy, they are an enemy to be beaten; for the authorities, informal activity is seen as a loss of revenue for the state coffers; for the Sustainable Development Goals, by implicitly recognizing them in goal 8, they constitute a paradigm shift.  Meanwhile, the reality for those involved in the informal economy is that it is a way of life and not a mere choice, one that leads to the most social of all economies: that of necessity. There is no consensus among academics on informality and its ramifications, hence the need to analyze the processes of informal economy from its theoretical construction with the purpose of discovering its range and depth, as well as its interrelationships and theoretical implications. To achieve this, 102 definitions of informal economy were analyzed by identifying and deconstructing their dimensions and performing a frequency count of their citation in Google Scholar. This analysis demonstrated the lack of cultural elements in the definitions, which are the true underlying cause of the phenomenon, and the over-prominence afforded to legal dimensions. Plain language summary People have to find many different ways to earn a living in order to meet the needs of their families.  Some of these modes of employment, the so-called informal economy, clash directly with the wishes of governments and organizations who do not recognize that decent paid work may take many forms or do not understand that there are often no alternatives. This confused picture of contradictory opinions requires some clarity, which was the aim of this study in its analysis of the definition of informal economy by 102 experts. The analysis sought to reveal the meaning of this concept that is fundamental to life in society, especially in countries suffering from environmental challenges, political crises, or the scourge of corruption. The findings demonstrate the lack of cultural considerations in the academic study of this complex phenomenon, despite their inherent importance. If progress is to be made in improving working conditions, greater understanding is needed of how the most basic needs affect the way society functions.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Data supplement to "Aromatics and agriculture: A spatial approach to long-distance trade and the local economy of the Nabataeans"

Data used to analyze the role of long-distance trade in the local agricultural economy of the Nabataeans, as described in Weaverdyck, E. J. S. forthcoming. "Aromatics and agriculture: A spatial approach to long-distance trade and the local economy of the Nabataeans." In S. von Reden (ed.). Handbook of Ancient Afro-Eurasian Economies, vol. 3. Oldenbourg: De Gruyter. Data sources are provided in the chapter. With the exception of runoff, environmental variables are rasters created using the focal statistics tool to sum the number of cells within a radius around each cell. They are named according to the following convention: f{radius}_{factor abbreviation}_{variable}.tif Factor abbreviations: <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>A</td> <td>Aspect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>D</td> <td>DEV geomorphological land form</td> </tr> <tr> <td>H</td> <td>Hydrology</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S</td> <td>Slope</td> </tr> <tr> <td>T</td> <td>TPI geomorphological land form</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Of these environmental variables, the following were used as background variables in the MaxEnt models: <table> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ASKP-LA</th> <th scope="col">WHS</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>f500_H_prec_soak</td> <td>f500_H_Runoff</td> </tr> <tr> <td>f500_T_Valley</td> <td>f5k_D_Ridge</td> </tr> <tr> <td>f5k_T_Ridge</td> <td>f5k_H_Runoff</td> </tr> <tr> <td>f5k_H_Runoff</td> <td>f500_D_UpperSlope_or_low_rise</td> </tr> <tr> <td>f5k_A_Northeast</td> <td>f5k_A_Southwest</td> </tr> <tr> <td>f500_D_UpperSlope_or_low_rise</td> <td>f500_D_Valley</td> </tr> <tr> <td>f5k_H_springs</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>f5k_D_Ridge</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>f5k_A_South</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>f5k_A_Southwest</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>f5k_A_Northwest</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>f500_T_UpperSlope_or_low_rise</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>f500_D_Lower_slope_or_shallow_valley</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>f5k_A_North</td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Factsheets of technologies supporting the circular economy

Technology factsheets supporting the circular economy in the domains of Water, Energy and Materials. They have been created in the NextGen project and are used in the WE Marketplace (mp.watereurope.eu).