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138 results for “Elevation change”
Spatial reference data for the Central Arizona-Phoenix area: change in elevation
This dataset has been created to support the research activities of Arizona State University researchers. The slope grid identifies the rate of maximum change in elevation value from each grid cell and is calculated in degrees. The data are derived from the 30 meter Digital Elevation Model created for the Central Arizona-Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research program (dem30_utm).
Change in marsh surface elevation measured with a Surface Elevation Table (SET) at control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Law's Point, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA.
A Surface Elevation Table (SET) is used to measure changes in the elevation of the marsh platform at a Spartina alterniflora-dominated marsh on the Rowley River in the Plum Island Ecosystem (PIE) LTER site, MA.
Change in marsh surface elevation measured with a Surface Elevation Table (SET) at control plots in a Spartina patens-dominated salt marsh at Law's Point, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA.
A Surface Elevation Table (SET) is used to measure changes in the elevation of the marsh platform at a Spartina patens-dominated marsh on the Rowley River in the Plum Island Ecosystem (PIE) LTER site, MA.
Change in marsh surface elevation measured with a Surface Elevation Table (SET) at control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh,North Inlet, Georgetown, SC.
A Surface Elevation Table (SET) is used to measure changes in the elevation of the platform at a Spartina alterniflora-dominated marsh on the Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC. Measurements are done monthly.
Data from: Land-use change interacts with climate to determine elevational species redistribution
Climate change is driving global species redistribution with profound social and economic impacts. However, species movement is largely constrained by habitat availability and connectivity, of which the interaction effects with climate change remain largely unknown. Here we examine published data on 2798 elevational range shifts from 43 study sites to assess the confounding effect of land-use change on climate-driven species redistribution. We show that baseline forest cover and recent forest cover change are critical predictors in determining the magnitude of elevational range shifts. Forest loss positively interacts with baseline temperature conditions, such that forest loss in warmer regions tends to accelerate species' upslope movement. Consequently, not only climate but also habitat loss stressors and, importantly, their synergistic effects matter in forecasting species elevational redistribution, especially in the tropics where both stressors will increase the risk of net lowland biotic attrition.
Legacy effects of fish but not elevation influence lake ecosystem response to environmental change
<p>How communities reorganize during climate change depends on the distribution of diversity within ecosystems and across landscapes. Understanding how environmental and evolutionary history constrain community resilience is critical to predicting shifts in future ecosystem function. </p> <p>The goal of our study was to understand how communities with different histories respond to environmental change with regard to shifts in elevation (temperature, nutrients) and introduced predators. We hypothesized that community responses to the environment would differ in ways consistent with local adaptation and initial trait structure. </p> <p>We transplanted plankton communities from lakes at different elevations with and without fish in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California to mesocosms at different elevations with and without fish. We examined the relative importance of the historical and experimental environment on functional (size structure, effects on lower trophic levels), community (zooplankton composition, abundance, and biomass), and population (individual species abundance and biomass) responses.</p> <p>Communities originating from different elevations produced similar biomass at each elevation despite differences in species composition; that is, the experimental elevation, but not the elevation of origin, had a strong effect on biomass. Conversely, we detected a legacy effect of predators on plankton in the fishless environment. <em>Daphnia pulicaria</em> that historically coexisted with fish reached greater biomass under fishless conditions than those from fishless lakes, resulting in greater zooplankton community biomass and larger average size. </p> <p>Therefore, trait variation among lake populations determined the top-down effects of fish predators. In contrast, phenotypic plasticity and local diversity were sufficient to maintain food web structure in response to changing environmental conditions associated with elevation. </p>
Elevated atmospheric CO2 changes defence allocation in wheat but herbivore resistance persists
<p>Predicting how plants allocate to different anti-herbivore defences in response to elevated carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations is important for understanding future patterns of crop susceptibility to herbivory. Theories of defence allocation, especially in the context of environmental change, largely overlook the role of silicon (Si), despite it being the major anti-herbivore defence in the Poaceae. We demonstrated that elevated levels of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (e[CO<sub>2</sub>]) promoted plant growth by 33% and caused wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) to switch from Si (–19%) to phenolic (+44%) defences. Despite the lower levels of Si under e[CO<sub>2</sub>], resistance to the global pest <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> persisted; relative growth rates (RGR) were reduced by at least 33% on Si supplied plants, irrespective of CO<sub>2</sub> levels. RGR was negatively correlated with leaf Si concentrations. Mandible wear was c. 30% higher when feeding on Si supplemented plants compared to those feeding on plants with no Si supply. We conclude that higher carbon availability under e[CO<sub>2</sub>] reduces silicification and causes wheat to increase concentrations of phenolics. However, Si supply, at all levels, suppressed the growth of <i>H. armigera</i> under both CO<sub>2</sub> regimes, suggesting that shifts in defence allocation under future climate change may not compromise herbivore resistance in wheat.</p>
Changes in community-weighted trait mean, functional diversity, soil chemical properties and temperature along an elevational gradient in Tenerife, Canary Islands
<p>This dataset comprises community-weighted trait means and functional diversity of leaf traits, chemical soil properties and temperature recorded in roadside (disturbed) and interior (less disturbed) plots, along an elevational gradient of 2,300 m in Tenerife, Canary Islands. The leaf traits measured were specific leaf area (SLA), nitrogen, nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and carbon to phosphorus ratio. The soil chemical properties measured were pH, nitrogen, nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, carbon to phosphorus ratio, calcium, potassium, magnesium and cation exchange capacity. Also the scores of the three first axes derived from a PCA analysis including the soil chemical properties are included. The temperature variables consist of bioclimatic variables Bio10 (mean temperature of the warmest quarter) and Bio11 (mean temperature of the coldest quarter). This dataset has been used for the analysis presented in Ratier Backes et al. (2021).</p>
Data from: Metabolic changes associated with two endocrine abnormalities in dogs: elevated fructosamine and low thyroxine
<p>Metabolomics studies in canine endocrine abnormalities are sparse and basic information on these abnormalities must be generated. This dataset includes the 1H NMR metabolic profiling results of 151 dog serum samples. The samples have been collected in an ethical way, being leftovers of clinical diagnostic samples. The sample set includes 25 control samples based on unremarkable routine clinical chemistry and hematology, 79 samples exhibiting high fructosamine which reflects poor glycemic control, and 47 samples with low thyroxine, a metabolically important thyroid hormone.</p> <p>The metabolite data and metadata were utilized in the study: Ottka et al. Metabolic changes associated with two endocrine abnormalities in dogs: elevated fructosamine and low thyroxine.</p> <p>The control group results were utilized also in: Ottka et al. Serum NMR metabolomics uncovers multiple metabolic changes in phenobarbital-treated dogs.</p>
Meta-analysis of elevational changes in the intensity of trophic interactions: similarities and dissimilarities with latitudinal patterns
<p>The premise that the intensity of biotic interactions decreases with increasing latitudes and elevations is broadly accepted; however, whether these geographical patterns can be explained within a common theoretical framework remains unclear. Our goal was to identify the general pattern of elevational changes in trophic interactions and to explore the sources of variation among the outcomes of individual studies. Meta-analysis of 226 effect sizes calculated from 136 publications demonstrated a significant but interaction-specific decrease in the intensity of herbivory, carnivory and parasitism with increasing elevation. Nevertheless, this decrease was not significant at high latitudes and for interactions involving endothermic organisms, for herbivore outbreaks or for herbivores living within plant tissues. Herbivory similarly declined with increases in latitude and elevation, whereas carnivory showed a fivefold stronger decrease with elevation than with latitude and parasitism increased with latitude but decreased with elevation. Thus, although these gradients share a general pattern and several sources of variation in trophic interaction intensity, we discovered important dissimilarities, indicating that elevational and latitudinal changes in these interactions are partly driven by different factors. We conclude that the scope of the latitudinal biotic interaction hypothesis cannot be extended to incorporate elevational gradients.</p>
Glaciers elevation change over Tibetan Plateau's endorheic basin during 1975-2000
<p>Glacier elevation changes over the endorheic basin of the Tibetan plateau with KH-9 in 1975-2000.</p>
Data_Changes in Tree Diversity, Structure and Functional Trait Identity Drive Biomass Increase along Elevational Gradients in Subtropical Forests of Southern China
<p>In this article "Changes in Tree Diversity, Structure and Functional Trait Identity Drive Biomass Increase along Elevational Gradients in Subtropical Forests of Southern China", these files contain community inventory data collected at our three study sites.</p>
Figure 3 in Living in a cold tropical mountain: do the microhabitat use and activity pattern change with elevation in the high-Andean lizard Stenocercus trachycephalus (Squamata: Tropiduridae)?
Figure 3. Activity patterns density curve along the three localities. Guanentá in dark gray, Las Moyas in light gray and La Chacua in gray.
Figure 1 in Living in a cold tropical mountain: do the microhabitat use and activity pattern change with elevation in the high-Andean lizard Stenocercus trachycephalus (Squamata: Tropiduridae)?
Figure 1. Study locations in the Andes eastern mountain range. (A) Guanentá, 3,750-3,950 m; (B) Las Moyas Páramo, 3,200 m; (C) La Chacua, 2,670 m.
Spot6 and Pléiades Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and elevation change grid to understand the South Lhonak lake (Sikkim) flood of October 2023
<p>===========================</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p> </p> <p>On 3 October 2023, a multi-hazard cascade in the Sikkim Himalaya, India, was triggered by the collapse of a frozen lateral moraine into South Lhonak Lake</p> <p>We share here the SPOT6 and Pléiades DEMs and the elevation change maps derived from these images. The collection includes four files:</p> <p>Two pre-event DEMs from SPOT6</p> <p>2018-12-01_Lhonak_DEM_SGM_4m_on_Cop30_BiasCorr_NoData_aligned.tif</p> <p>2018-12-08_Lhonak_DEM_SGM_4m_on_Cop30_BiasCorr_NoData_aligned.tif</p> <p>One post-event mosaic DEM from Pléiades </p> <p>Post-Event_DEM_SGM_october2023.tif</p> <p>One grid of elevation change from 2018 to 2023</p> <p>dh_mosaic_Lhonak_SGM_median.tif</p> <p> </p> <p>===========================</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The SPOT6 and Pléiades stereo-images were processed using the Ames Stereo Pipeline (ASP, Beyer et al., 2018), yielding a DEM in 4x4 m GSD. The processing was done using as only input the stereo-images and their orientation information, as Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs). The parallel_stereo routine performs all the steps needed in the correlation of the stereo-images, yielding a pointcloud which is then interpolated using the routine point2dem. We used the semi global matching algorithm and the set of processing parameters from Deschamps-Berger et al. (2020)</p> <p>Beyer, R. A., Alexandrov, O., and McMichael, S.: The Ames Stereo Pipeline: NASA’s Open Source Software for Deriving and Processing Terrain Data, Earth and Space Science, 5, 537–548, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EA000409, 2018.</p> <p>Deschamps-Berger, C., Gascoin, S., Berthier, E., Deems, J., Gutmann, E., Dehecq, A., Shean, D., and Dumont, M.: Snow depth mapping from stereo satellite imagery in mountainous terrain: evaluation using airborne laser-scanning data, The Cryosphere, 14, 2925–2940, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2925-2020, 2020.</p> <p> </p> <p>===========================</p> <p>Data Specifications:</p> <p>Cartographic projection: UTM zone 45N (EPSG:32645)</p> <p>Origin of Elevation: meters above WGS84 ellipsoid</p> <p>Raster data format: GeoTIFF</p> <p>NoData value : -9999</p> <p> </p> <p>===========================</p> <p>Acknowledgements:</p> <p>Pléiades and SPOT6 images were acquired thanks to the CIEST2 service developed and performed with the French Space Agency (CNES) by FormaTerre, Solid Earth component of the Data Terra Research Infrastructure</p> <p> </p> <p>===========================</p> <p>Dataset Attribution:</p> <p>This dataset is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 International License (Attribution-NonCommercial).</p> <p> </p>
Glacier Inventory and Elevation Change Data for the Shule River, Heihe River, and Shiyang River Basins in the Qilian Mountains (1990-2020)
<p>This dataset contains comprehensive glacier inventory data and elevation change measurements for the Qilian Mountains, specifically covering the Shule River, Heihe River, and Shiyang River basins. The dataset includes:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Glacier inventory data for the years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The inventory provides detailed information on glacier attributes such as area, length, orientation, and other essential characteristics for each of the target years.</p> </li> <li> <p>Elevation change data for glaciers within the Qilian Mountains during the periods 2000-2010 and 2010-2020. This data tracks changes in glacier surface elevation, providing valuable insights into glacier mass balance and regional climate change impacts.</p> </li> </ol> <p>The data is critical for understanding the response of glaciers to climate change over the past three decades and will support ongoing research in glaciology, hydrology, and environmental monitoring.</p>
Data from: Effects of land use change and elevation on endemic shrub frogs in a biodiversity hotspot
<p>This project contains data and codes from a study investigating the effects of land use change and elevation on endemic shrub frogs in the northern Western Ghats, India. </p> <p>Species Coverage: Though the focal species in the study are <em>Pseudophilautus amboli</em> and <em>Raorchestes bombayensis</em>, the raw data also contain the following species. <em>Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Euphlyctis sp, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Hydrophylax bahuvistara, Indirana chiravasi, Indirana sp, Microhyla nilphamariensis, Minervarya cepfi, Minervarya gomantaki, Minervarya sp, Nyctibatrachus petraeus, Polypedates maculatus, Pseudophilautus amboli, Ramanella variegata, Raorchestes bombayensis, Rhacophorus malabaricus, Sphaerotheca dobsonii, Uperodon mormorata, Xanthophryne tigerina</em></p> <p>Geographic Coverage: Dodamarg and Sawantwadi Taluks of the Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra State, India. (15°40’–16°0’N; 73°51’–74°9’E)</p> <p>Temporal Coverage: June, July, August, September (2022).</p> <p>Field data was collected by Himanshu Lad and Ninad Gosavi.</p> <p>More details about the data can be obtained from Himanshu Lad and Rohit Naniwadekar from the Nature Conservation Foundation (www.ncf-india.org). </p>
Data for: Elevational changes in insect herbivory on woody plants in six mountain ranges of temperate Eurasia: Sources of variation
<p>Current theory predicts that the intensity of biotic interactions, and particularly herbivory, decreases with increasing latitude and elevation. However, recent studies have revealed substantial variation in both the latitudinal and elevational patterns of herbivory. This variation is often attributed to differences in study design and type of data collected by different researchers. Here, we used a standardised sampling protocol along elevational gradients in six mountain ranges, located at different latitudes within temperate Eurasia, to uncover the sources of variation in elevational patterns in insect herbivory on woody plant leaves. We discovered the considerable variation in elevational patterns among different mountain ranges; nevertheless, herbivory generally decreased with increasing elevation at both the community-wide and individual plant species levels. This decrease was mostly due to openly living defoliators, whereas no significant association was detected between herbivory and elevation among insects living within plant tissues (i.e. miners and gallers). The elevational decrease in herbivory was significant for deciduous plants but not for evergreen plants, and for low-stature plants but not for tall plants. The community-wide herbivory increased with increases in both specific leaf area and leaf size. The strength of the negative correlation between herbivory and elevation increased from lower to higher latitudes. We conclude that elevational gradients in herbivory demonstrate considerable variation, and that this variation is mostly associated with herbivore feeding habit, some plant traits and latitude of the mountain range.</p>
Changing patterns of nest predation and predator communities along a tropical elevation gradient
<p><span>Tropical montane communities host the world's highest beta diversity of birds, a phenomenon usually attributed to community turnover caused by changes in biotic and abiotic factors along elevation gradients. Yet, empirical data on most biotic factors are lacking. Nest predation is thought to be especially important because it appears to be common and can change selective pressures underlying life history traits, which can alter competitive interactions. We monitored 2,538 nests, </span><span>338 of which had known nest predators, to evaluate if nest predation changes along a tropical elevational gradient. We found that nest predation decreased with elevation, reflecting the loss of lowland predators that do not tolerate colder climates. We found different "super" nest predators at each elevation that accounted for a high percentage of events, suggesting that selection pressures exerted by nest predator communities may be less diffuse than has been hypothesized, at least for birds nesting in the understory.</span></p>
Distinct responses and range shifts of lizards populations across an elevational gradient under climate change
<p><span>Ongoing climate change has profoundly affected global biodiversity, but its impacts on populations across elevations remain understudied. </span><span>Using a mechanistic niche model incorporating species traits, we predicted ecophysiological responses (activity times, oxygen consumption and evaporative water loss) for lizard populations at high-elevation (< 3600 m asl) and extra-high-elevation (> 3600 m asl) under recent (1970–2000) and future (2081–2100) climates. Compared with their high-elevation counterparts, lizards from extra-high-elevations are predicted to experience a greater increase in activity time and oxygen consumption but a similar increase in evaporative water loss. By integrating these ecophysiological traits into a hybrid species distribution model (HSDM), we were able to make the following predictions under two warming scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP5-8.5). By 2081–2100, we predict that lizards at both high- and extra-high-elevations will shift upslope; lizards at extra-high-elevations will gain more and lose less habitat than will their high-elevation congeners. We therefore advocate the conservation of high-elevation species in the context of climate change, especially for those populations living close to their lower elevational range limits. In addition, b</span><span>y comparing the results from </span><span>HSDM and traditional species distribution models, we highlight the importance of </span><span>considering intraspecific variation and local adaptation in physiological traits along elevational gradients when forecasting species' future distributions under climate change</span><span>. </span></p>
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