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157 results for “Environmental stress”
Vertical structural complexity of plant communities represents the combined effects of resource acquisition and environmental stress on the Tibetan Plateau
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The same species, not the same invader: Metabolic responses of genetically distinct invasive populations of Dikerogammarus villosus and their intraspecific hybrid to environmental stresses
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No evidence that the widespread environmental contaminant caffeine alters energy balance or stress responses in fish
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Strong species differences in life-history do not predict oxidative stress physiology or sensitivity to an environmental oxidant
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Data from: Stressful city sounds: glucocorticoid responses to experimental traffic noise are environmentally dependent
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Data from: High environmental stress and productivity increase functional diversity along a deep-sea hydrothermal vent gradient
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Data from: Does gene flow aggravate or alleviate maladaptation to environmental stress in small populations?
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Data from: Environmental stress influences reproductive success in male spider mites
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Accounting for environmental stress in restoration of intertidal foundation species
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Data from: Measuring the effect of environmental stress on inbreeding depression alone obscures the relative importance of inbreeding-stress interactions on overall fitness in Callosobruchus maculatus
<p>Environmental stress can have a profound effect on inbreeding depression. Quantifying this effect is of particular importance in threatened populations, which are often simultaneously subject to both inbreeding and environmental stress. But while the prevalence of inbreeding-stress interactions is well known, the importance and broader applicability of such interactions in conservation are not clearly understood. We used seed beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus, as a model system to quantify how environmental stressors (here host quality and temperature stress) interact with inbreeding as measured by changes in the magnitude of8inbreeding depression, δ, as well as the relative importance of inbreeding-stress interactions to overall fitness. We found that while both environmental stressors caused substantial inbreeding-stress interactions as measured by change in δ, the relative importance of these interactions to overall survival was modest. This suggests that assessing inbreeding-stress interactions within the framework of δ alone may give an inaccurate representation of the relevance of interactions to population persistence. Furthermore, we found that the effect of environmental stress on fitness, but not inbreeding depression, varied strongly among populations. These results suggest that the outcomes of inbreeding-stress interactions are not easily generalized, an important consideration in conservation settings.</p>
The genome of Draba nivalis shows signatures of adaptation to the extreme environmental stresses of the Arctic
The Arctic is one of the most extreme terrestrial environments on the planet. Here we present the first complete genome assembly of a plant adapted to the high Arctic, Draba nivalis (Brassicaceae), an attractive model species for studying plant adaptation to the stresses imposed by this harsh environment. We used an iterative scaffolding strategy with data from short-reads, single-molecule long reads, proximity ligation data, and a genetic map to produce a 302 Mb assembly that is highly contiguous with 91.6% assembled into eight chromosomes (the base chromosome number). To identify candidate genes and gene families that may have facilitated adaptation to Arctic environmental stresses, we performed comparative genomic analyses with nine non-Arctic Brassicaceae species. We show that the D. nivalis genome contains expanded suites of genes associated with drought and cold stress (e.g. related to the maintenance of oxidation-reduction homeostasis, meiosis, and signaling pathways). The expansions of gene families associated with these functions appear to be driven in part by the activity of transposable elements. Tests of positive selection identify suites of candidate genes associated with meiosis and photoperiodism, as well as cold, drought, and oxidative stress responses. Our results reveal a multifaceted landscape of stress adaptation in the D. nivalis genome, offering avenues for the continued development of this species as an Arctic model plant.
Environmental stress maintains trioecy in nematode worms
Sex is determined by chromosomes in mammals but it can be influenced by the environment in many worms, crustaceans and vertebrates. Despite this, there is little understanding of the relationship between ecology and the evolution of sexual systems. The nematode Auanema freiburgensis has a unique sex determination system in which individuals carrying one X chromosome develop into males while XX individuals develop into females in stress-free environments and self-fertile hermaphrodites in stressful environments. Theory predicts that trioecious populations with coexisting males, females and hermaphrodites should be unstable intermediates in evolutionary transitions between mating systems. In this article we study a mathematical model of reproductive evolution based on the unique life history and sex determination of A. freiburgensis. We develop the model in two scenarios, one where the relative production of hermaphrodites and females is entirely dependent on the environment and one based on empirical measurements of a population that displays incomplete, 'leaky' environmental dependence. In the first scenario environmental conditions can push the population along an evolutionary continuum and result in the stable maintenance of multiple reproductive systems. The second 'leaky' scenario results in the maintenance of three sexes for all environmental conditions. Theoretical investigations of reproductive system transitions have focused on the evolutionary costs and benefits of sex. Here, we show that the flexible sex determination system of A. freiburgensis may contribute to population-level resilience in the microscopic nematode's patchy, ephemeral natural habitat. Our results demonstrate that life history, ecology and environment may play defining roles in the evolution of sexual systems.
Data from: Temporally autocorrelated environmental fluctuations inhibit the evolution of stress tolerance
As global environmental conditions continue to change at an unprecedented rate many species will experience increases in natural and anthropogenic stress. Generally speaking, selection is expected to favor adaptations that reduce the negative impact of environmental stress (i.e., stress tolerance). However, natural environmental variables typically fluctuate, exhibiting various degrees of temporal autocorrelation, known as environmental 'colors,' which may complicate evolutionary responses to stress. Here we combine experiments and theory to show that temporal environmental autocorrelation can determine long-term evolutionary responses to stress, without affecting the total amount of stress experienced over time. Experimental evolution of RNA virus lineages in differing environmental autocorrelation treatments agreed closely with predictions from our theoretical models that stress tolerance is favored in less autocorrelated (whiter) environments but disfavored in more autocorrelated ('redder)ned' environments. This is explained by an interaction between environmental color autocorrelation and a phenotypic tradeoff between stress tolerance and reproductive ability. The degree to which environmental color autocorrelation influences evolutionary trajectories depends on the shape of this tradeoff as well as the relative level of tolerance exhibited by novel mutants. These results suggest that long-term evolutionary dynamics depend not only on the overall strength of selection, but also on the way that selection is distributed over time.
Data from: Environmental stress linked to consumption of maternally derived carotenoids in brown trout embryos (Salmo trutta)
The yellow, orange, or red colors of salmonid eggs are due to maternally derived carotenoids whose functions are not sufficiently understood yet. Here, we studied the significance of naturally acquired carotenoids as maternal environmental effects during embryo development in brown trout (Salmo trutta). We collected eggs from wild females, quantified their egg carotenoid content, fertilized them in vitro in full-factorial breeding blocks to separate maternal from paternal effects, and raised 3,278 embryos singly at various stress conditions until hatching. We found significant sire effects that revealed additive genetic variance for embryo survival and hatching time. Dam effects were 5.4 times larger than these sire effects, indicating that maternal environmental effects play an important role in determining embryo stress tolerance. Of the eight pigment molecules that we targeted, only astaxanthin, zeaxanthin (that both affected egg redness), and lutein were detected above our confidence thresholds. No strong link could be observed between carotenoid content in unfertilized eggs and embryo mortality or hatching timing. However, the consumption of carotenoids during our stress treatment was negatively correlated to embryo survival among sib groups and explained about 14% of the maternal environmental variance. We conclude that maternally derived carotenoids play a role in the ability of embryos to cope with environmental stress, but that the initial susceptibility to the organic pollution was mainly determined by other factors.
Data from: Recovery from hybrid breakdown in a marine invertebrate is faster, stronger and more repeatable under environmental stress
Understanding how environmental stress alters the consequences of hybridization is important, because the rate of hybridization and the likelihood of hybrid speciation both appear elevated in harsh, disturbed or marginal habitats. We assessed fitness, morphometrics and molecular genetic composition over 14 generations of hybridization between two highly divergent populations of the marine copepod Tigriopus californicus. Replicated, experimental hybrid populations in both control and high salinity conditions showed a decline in fitness, followed by a recovery. Recovery was faster in the salinity stress treatment, returning to parental levels up to two generations earlier than in the control. This recovery was stable in the high salinity treatment, while in the control treatment fitness dropped back below parental levels at the final time point. Recovery in the high salinity treatment was also stronger in terms of competitive fitness and heat shock tolerance. Finally, consequences of hybridization were more repeatable under salinity stress, where among-replicate variance for survivorship and molecular genetic composition was lower than in the control treatment. In a system with low effective population sizes (estimates ranged from 17 to 63), where genetic drift might be expected to be the predominate force, strong selection under harsh environmental conditions apparently promoted faster, stronger and more repeatable recovery from depressed hybrid fitness.
Heat stress vulnerability and critical environmental limits for older adults
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Data from: Where consumers control plant reproduction in coastal wetlands: the environmental stress model in plants' versus consumers' perspectives
<p>This is the data set for the paper entitled "Where consumers control plant reproduction in coastal wetlands: the environmental stress model in plants’ versus consumers’ perspectives" upcoming in the Journal of Ecology.</p> <p>The metadata for interpreting the data set are included in the Excel file. </p>
Fig. 3 in Fluctuating asymmetry and oxidative stress indicate environmental stress of Cane toads Rhinella marina
Fig. 3. Antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress of R. marina. a) SOD activity, b) Total antioxidant capacity units are Trolox nmol, c) Lipid peroxidation. Different letters show different means.
Fig. 2 in Fluctuating asymmetry and oxidative stress indicate environmental stress of Cane toads Rhinella marina
Fig. 2. а) Spatial conformation of landmarks to testing FA of the body of toads that consisted of 22 landmarks, where landmarks 1 and 12 were located on axis of the symmetry. b) The Procrustes consensus for all original and reflected configurations, being perfectly symmetric. c) The fluctuating asymmetry is shown as the difference between the averages of all original and reflected configurations (black dots). For comparison, the plot shows the overall symmetric (grey dots) and asymmetric Procrustes consensus and reflects variation of landmarks in left and right sides.
Fig. 1 in Fluctuating asymmetry and oxidative stress indicate environmental stress of Cane toads Rhinella marina
Fig. 1. Traits measured for fluctuating asymmetry assessment of the toad R. marina. Radius-Ulna (RU), Humerus (Hu), Femur (F), Tibia-Fibula (TF), Tarsal, Metatarsal, Phalange (TMPh 1,2,3,4,5), Abdomen (Ab), Head (He). We measured the distance from the right side (Rw) and left side (Lw).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.