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98 results for “Equus”
Text-fig. 1. Localities of investigated species. Black dots represent places where forms were found. 1 – Hirzhevo, 2 – Myrne, in The Ultrastructure Of The Tooth Enamel Of Small Equus Of The "Tarpan" Group And Their Possible Phylogenetic Connections
Text-fig. 1. Localities of investigated species. Black dots represent places where forms were found. 1 – Hirzhevo, 2 – Myrne,
Text-fig. 3. Tendency of changes in IPM and PE width indicators in different types of enamel of the Equidae species of the "tarpan" group. I–III – types of enamel. a: IPM; b: PE. in The Ultrastructure Of The Tooth Enamel Of Small Equus Of The "Tarpan" Group And Their Possible Phylogenetic Connections
Text-fig. 3. Tendency of changes in IPM and PE width indicators in different types of enamel of the Equidae species of the "tarpan" group. I–III – types of enamel. a: IPM; b: PE.
Text-fig. 11. Enamel ultrastructure of first (a) and second (b, c) lower incisors, Equus caballus (konik polski), vertical sections. a: enamel row, scale bar = 100 Μm; b: arranging the prisms in the HSB structure, scale bar = 20 Μm; c: arranging the prisms in PI structure, scale bar = 20 Μm. in The Ultrastructure Of The Tooth Enamel Of Small Equus Of The "Tarpan" Group And Their Possible Phylogenetic Connections
Text-fig. 11. Enamel ultrastructure of first (a) and second (b, c) lower incisors, Equus caballus (konik polski), vertical sections. a: enamel row, scale bar = 100 Μm; b: arranging the prisms in the HSB structure, scale bar = 20 Μm; c: arranging the prisms in PI structure, scale bar = 20 Μm.
Fig. 1 in The First Record of Intestinal Ciliates from the Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra) in South Africa
Fig. 1. (A–O) Endosymbiotic ciliates from mountain zebra of South Africa: A – Alloiozona trizona, B – Holophryoides macrotricha, C – Blepharosphaera ceratotherii, D – Holophryoides ovalis, E – Blepharocorys angusta m. triangulata, F – Blepharocorys angusta m. ovata, G – Blepharoprosthium pireum, H – Blepharoconus sp., I – Bundleia postciliata, J – Bundleia piriformis, K – Bundleia inflata, L – Bundleia benbrooki. M – Spirodinium nanum, N – Triplumaria sp. "A", O – Triplumaria sp. "B". Differential interference contrast, N, O – reconstruction from 3 images. Scale bars: 10 µm.
Data from: Vocalizations in the plains zebra (Equus quagga)
<p>Acoustic signals are vital in animal communication, and quantifying these signals them is fundamental for understanding animal behaviour and ecology. Vocaliszations can be classified into acoustically and functionally or contextually distinct categories, but establishing these categories can be challenging. Newly developed methods, such as machine learning, can provide solutions for classification tasks. The plains zebra is known for its loud and specific vocaliszations, yet limited knowledge exists on the structure and information content of its vocaliszations. In this study, we employed both feature-based and spectrogram-based algorithms, incorporating supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods to enhance robustness in categoriszing zebra vocaliszation types. Additionally, we implemented a permuted discriminant function analysis (pDFA) to examine the individual identity information contained in the identified vocaliszation types. The findings revealed at least four distinct vocaliszation types he '"snort'," the '"soft snort'," the '"squeal'," and the '"quagga quagga'" with individual differences observed mostly in snorts, and to a lesser extent in squeals. Analyses based on acoustic features outperformed those based on spectrograms, but each excelled in characteriszing different vocaliszation types. We thus recommend the combined use of these two approaches. OuThisr study offers valuable insights into plains zebra vocaliszation, with implications for future comprehensive explorations in animal communication.</p>
Data and code for: Previous assessments of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in Cape Mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) were flawed
<p>Steroid hormones, especially glucocorticoids (GCs), are widely used to assess physiological responses to stressors. As steroid hormones are heavily metabolised prior to excretion, it is essential to validate enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for measuring faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs). Although problems with unvalidated assays have been raised repeatedly, their use persists widely. Lea et al. (2017) used an unvalidated corticosterone assay (CJM006) to relate fGCM concentrations to habitat quality, demography, and population performance in the Cape mountain zebra (<em>Equus zebra zebra</em>). Here, we revisit their findings and evaluate the validity of their conclusions using a validated EIA. First, we evaluate the biological sensitivity of six EIAs (three group-specific metabolite assays and three corticosterone assays, including CJM006) through a biological validation experiment (translocation) for two sub-species of mountain zebra, Cape mountain and Hartmann's mountain zebra (<em>E. z. hartmannae</em>). Second, we reanalyse the faecal extracts from Lea et al. (2017) using a validated EIA. fGCM concentrations consistently increased following translocation, when using two 11-oxoaetiocholanolone (lab codes: 72T and 72a) and an 11ß-hydroxyaetiocholanolone (69a) EIA, but did not with three different corticosterone EIAs. All corticosterone EIAs (including CJM006) failed to detect an increase in fGCMs within the critical 48–72-hour period post translocation. Therefore, the CJM006 EIA utilised in Lea et al. (2017) does not sensitively measure hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in CMZ faeces.</p> <p>Using a validated assay (72T), fGCM concentrations were no longer associated with adult sex ratio or habitat quality (measured by grassiness) and these variables were dropped from predictive models. fGCM concentrations now varied between seasons and were negatively associated with female fecundity (foal:mare ratio). Consequently, we can conclude that the results of the previous study are unreliable. We introduce the terms "insensitive" and "sub-optimal" to categorise assays that are tested but fail validation, and assays that are comparatively poor at detecting relevant hormone changes, respectively. We discuss how both "insensitive" and "sub-optimal" assays could lead to incorrect inferences about population stressors and counterproductive conservation recommendations.</p> <p>In this dataset, we provide all R code scripts, raw data and data to reproducible all results and figures in Previous assessments of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in Cape Mountain zebra (<em>Equus zebra zebra</em>) were flawed. We have structured the project as an internally consistent directory with files corresponding to code, data, raw lab_ouputs, and figures. </p>
Fig. 4 in Age determination of the Mongolian wild ass (Equus hemionus Pallas, 1775) by the dentition patterns and annual lines in the tooth cementum
Fig. 4. The times of eruption, development of cementum and formation of the annual lines in the first upper incisor (I1) at the labial (left) and lingual side (right).
Fig. 2 in First reports of nasal and traumatic myiasis infection in endangered Przewalski's horses (Equus ferus przewalskii)
Fig. 2. Photographs of the third larval stage of Rhinoestrus purpureus-like collected from Przewalski's horse in the Kalamaili Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. A. Ventral view. (Scale bar: 3 mm.) B. Ventral view of the anterior part. (Scale bar: 1 mm.) C. Dorsal view. (Scale bar: 3 mm.) Box showing the opening of the spines. (Scar bar: 0.25 mm.) D. Posterior view. (Scale bar: 1 mm.)
Fig. 1. A in Translocation a potential corridor for equine piroplasms in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra)
Fig. 1. A map of south-western South Africa, showing the localities of the 3 reserves from which samples were obtained (black circles) namely Mountain Zebra National Park (MZNP), De Hoop Nature Reserve (DHNR) and Karoo National Park (KNP). The grey diamonds show other known municipal nature reserves and national parks which contain Cape Mountain zebra sourced from Cradock, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Fig. 2. a in Not playing by the rules: Unusual patterns in the epidemiology of parasites in a natural population of feral horses (Equus caballus) on Sable Island, Canada
Fig. 2. a) Dictyocaulus arnfieldi first-stage larvae showing typical granular appearance and beginning of cuticular separation b) closer view of tail showing stylet, or spear.
Fig. 1 in Not playing by the rules: Unusual patterns in the epidemiology of parasites in a natural population of feral horses (Equus caballus) on Sable Island, Canada
Fig. 1. Map of Sable Island, Canada, which is about 50 km long, 1 km wide at its widest point, and in total, 34 km2 (from Gold et al., 2019).
Fig. 3 in Not playing by the rules: Unusual patterns in the epidemiology of parasites in a natural population of feral horses (Equus caballus) on Sable Island, Canada
Fig. 3. Proportions of third-stage larvae of large and small strongyle species cultured from feces of 81 Sable Island horses in summer 2014, showing an unusual dominance of S. equinus in adult horses. Larvae with a rhabditiform pharynx were rare in young (1–3 years) and adult horses (≥3 years), but common in foals, which could represent larvae of Strongyloides westeri.
Fig. 1. Liver showing a in First report of infection with metacestode stages of Echinococcus multilocularis in a kulan (Equus hemionus kulan) from Slovakia
Fig. 1. Liver showing a single nodular encapsulated mass of about 6 cm in diameter. The mainly solid cut surface reveals several small cystic areas (arrows).
Fig. 3 in First report of infection with metacestode stages of Echinococcus multilocularis in a kulan (Equus hemionus kulan) from Slovakia
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic analysis of the herein obtained sequence (Donkey_Slovakia) and exemplary sequences from GenBank (e.g., OK268248.1; OP277525.1) using the Neighbor-Joining method, bootstraps consensus tree inferred from 1000 replicates. A sequence of E. granulosus was used as an outgroup (OR166778.1).
Fig. 2 in First report of infection with metacestode stages of Echinococcus multilocularis in a kulan (Equus hemionus kulan) from Slovakia
Fig. 2. Photomicrograph of the hepatic nodular lesion showing a pyogranulomatous to necrotizing inflammation with intralesional fragments of amorphous band-like eosinophil and strongly PAS-positive (inset) structures, consistent with the laminated layer of the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. Hematoxylin-eosin stain and Periodic acid-Schiff stain (inset), respectively.
Fig. 3 in Equus kiang (Perissodactyla: Equidae)
Fig. 3.—Geographic distribution of Equus kiang. The bold line delineates the species distribution. The distribution areas of the proposed subspecies are indicated as follows: 1, E. k. holdereri; 2, E. k. kiang; 3, E. k. polyodon;? 5 uncertain subspecies identification (modified from Schaller 1998 and used with permission of the author).
Fig. 5.—A in Equus kiang (Perissodactyla: Equidae)
Fig. 5.—A group of Equus kiang feeding in a mixed vegetation patch of grasses and sedges in the alpine steppe of eastern Ladakh, India. Photograph by S. D. Côte´.
Fig. 4.—A in Equus kiang (Perissodactyla: Equidae)
Fig. 4.—A group of female Equus kiang with 1 foal in summer from eastern Ladakh, India. Used with permission of the photographer E J. Van Gruisen.
Fig. 1 in Equus kiang (Perissodactyla: Equidae)
Fig. 1.—An adult male Equus kiang (subspecies kiang) in summer coat from eastern Ladakh, India (33u189N, 78u009E). Used with permission of the photographer E J. Van Gruisen.
FIG. 11 in Unexpected finding of a new Equus species (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) belonging to a supposedly extinct subgenus in late Pleistocene deposits of Khakassia (southwestern Siberia)
FIG. 11. — Ratio diagram comparing MT of Equus (S.) ovodovi n. sp., Proskuriakova cave (Khakassia, southwestern Siberia) to the mean (n = 6-9) of MT of E. hipparionoides Vekua, 1962 from Akhalkalaki. Numbers (1, 3, 4, etc.) refer to the measurements listed in the caption of Table 6.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.