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Fig. 5 in Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 2. A Review of the Coendou vestitus Group with Descriptions of Two New Species from Amazonia

Fig. 5. Ventral cranial views of Coendou vestitus (A, MNHN 1929–632) and C. pruinosus (B, MCZ 18738) showing species differences in palatal morphology. In Coendou vestitus, the bony palate between the toothrows is marked by a high median keel that is flanked by deep lateral grooves or gutters (lg); in addition, the mesopterygoid fossa (mpf) extends anteriorly between the second molars, and the roof of the fossa is perforated by large sphenopalatine vacuities (spv). In C. pruinosus, the palate is sometimes weakly keeled but never has deep lateral gutters; also, the mesopterygoid fossa extends anteriorly only between the third molars, and the roof of the fossa is not perforated by distinct sphenopalatine vacuities.

Fig. 1 in Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 2. A Review of the Coendou vestitus Group with Descriptions of Two New Species from Amazonia

Fig. 1. Three structural types found in the dorsal pelage of members of the Coendou vestitus species group: a, soft wool hairs; b, quills; c, bristlequills. Approximately life size (drawn from pelage of AMNH 126171, holotype of C. ichillus).

Fig. 4 in Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 2. A Review of the Coendou vestitus Group with Descriptions of Two New Species from Amazonia

Fig. 4. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral cranial views of Coendou vestitus (MNHN 1929–632). All views approximately ×1.5.

Fig. 8 in Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 2. A Review of the Coendou vestitus Group with Descriptions of Two New Species from Amazonia

Fig. 8. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral cranial views of Coendou pruinosus (MCZ 18738). All views approximately ×1.5.

Fig. 13 in Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 2. A Review of the Coendou vestitus Group with Descriptions of Two New Species from Amazonia

Fig. 13. Holotype of Coendou roosmalenorum (INPA 2586) in life. Photos courtesy of M.G.M. van Roosmalen.

Fig. 12 in Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 2. A Review of the Coendou vestitus Group with Descriptions of Two New Species from Amazonia

Fig. 12. An adult female Coendou ichillus eating bananas suspended from the rafters of a building at La Selva Jungle Lodge, Provincia Sucumbíos, Ecuador, on 9 July 1996 (photo courtesy of P. J. DeVries).

Fig. 14 in Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 2. A Review of the Coendou vestitus Group with Descriptions of Two New Species from Amazonia

Fig. 14. Dorsal, ventral and cranial views of Coendou roosmalenorum (INPA 2586 [original number CCM 58], holotype). All views approximately ×1.5.

Fig. 15 in Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 2. A Review of the Coendou vestitus Group with Descriptions of Two New Species from Amazonia

Fig. 15. Collection localities and sight records for members of the Coendou vestitus species group. Numbered symbols for C. vestitus (N), C. pruinosus (c), C. ichillus (Δ), and C. roosmalenorum (.) are keyed to entries in the accompanying gazetteer (appendix). The geographic configuration of localities 9–11 is approximate because specimen labels provide only river names. Western Amazonia (as defined by Voss and Emmons, 1996: 8) is that part of the basin west of the Rio Negro and the Rio Madeira. The Cashinahua Indian village of Balta is the source of an unvouchered record of small porcupines discussed in the text.

Fig. 11 in Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 2. A Review of the Coendou vestitus Group with Descriptions of Two New Species from Amazonia

Fig. 11. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral cranial views of Coendou ichillus (FMNH 43289, paratype). All views approximately ×1.5.

Figure 1 in Unveiling the genetic diversity of bicolored-spined porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae): a novel karyotype, population structuring, and evolutionary insights

Figure 1. Map of part of South America with collecting localities of C. bicolor specimens with sequences on the GenBank (Black circles), generated in the present study (triangle), others register of occurrences (white circles), and type locality (star). Gray area represents the Amazon Biome. ARG = Argentina, BOL = Bolivia, BRA = Brazil, PER = Peru.

Figure 4 in Unveiling the genetic diversity of bicolored-spined porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae): a novel karyotype, population structuring, and evolutionary insights

Figure 4. Topology of median joining on top of the map showing the current separation of C. bicolor populations by the rivers Ucayali and Beni/Madre de Dios. Circles are haplotypes and its dimension are proportional to the number of shared sequences. Numbers in the segments connecting the circles are nucleotide substitutions and black circle is the median vector. For haplotypes localities see figure 2. BOL = Bolivia, BRA = Brazil, PER = Peru.

Figure 3 in Unveiling the genetic diversity of bicolored-spined porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae): a novel karyotype, population structuring, and evolutionary insights

Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree. Symbols near nodes represent Bootstrap values: black circles (90-100%), white circles (80-89%), white squares (70-79%), black square (66%). BOL = Bolivia, BRA = Brazil, COL = Colombia, ECU = Ecuador, GUF = French Guiana, MEX = Mexico, PAR = Paraguay, PER = Peru.

Figure 2 in Unveiling the genetic diversity of bicolored-spined porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae): a novel karyotype, population structuring, and evolutionary insights

Figure 2. Conventional stained karyotypes of Coendou (Sphiggurus) bicolor male LBCE21287 (above) and female LBCE21289 (below) from Brazilian Acre state with 2n = 52 and FN = 82. The X and Y are sexual chromosomes.

Fig. 2 in Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 2. A Review of the Coendou vestitus Group with Descriptions of Two New Species from Amazonia

Fig. 2. Anatomical limits of 18 craniodental measurements defined in the text.

Fig. 3 in Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 2. A Review of the Coendou vestitus Group with Descriptions of Two New Species from Amazonia

Fig. 3. Dorsal view of the skin of Coendou vestitus (BMNH 24.2.21.2). Approximately ×0.4.

Fig. 7 in Revisionary Notes on Neotropical Porcupines (Rodentia: Erethizontidae). 2. A Review of the Coendou vestitus Group with Descriptions of Two New Species from Amazonia

Fig. 7. Dorsal view of the skin of Coendou pruinosus (BMNH 10.12.3.5). Approximately ×0.4.

FIGURE 7 in New and noteworthy records of Rodentia (Erethizontidae, Sciuridae, and Cricetidae) from Paraguay

FIGURE 7. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the cranium and mandible of Sciurus urucumus from Paraguay (TK 67300). Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 5 in New and noteworthy records of Rodentia (Erethizontidae, Sciuridae, and Cricetidae) from Paraguay

FIGURE 5. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the cranium and mandible of Oxymycterus misionalis from Paraguay (TK 121752). Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in New and noteworthy records of Rodentia (Erethizontidae, Sciuridae, and Cricetidae) from Paraguay

FIGURE 4. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the cranium and mandible of Bibimys chacoensis from Paraguay (TK 132621). Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in New and noteworthy records of Rodentia (Erethizontidae, Sciuridae, and Cricetidae) from Paraguay

FIGURE 1. Map of Paraguay indicating the localities where the specimens reported here were collected. Locality numbers refer to those of the text.