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50 results for “European beech”
Data from: EuMIXFOR empirical forest mensuration and ring width data from pure and mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) through Europe
This data set provides unique empirical data from triplets of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) across Europe. Dendrometric variables are provided for 32 triplets, 96 plots, 7555 trees and 4695 core samples. These data contribute to our understanding of mixed stand dynamics.
Data from: Tree-to-tree competition in mixed European beech-Scots pine forests has different impacts on growth and water-use efficiency depending on site conditions
1. Mixed conifer-hardwood forests can be more productive than pure forests and they are increasingly considered as ecosystems that could provide adaptation strategies in the face of global change. However, the combined effects of tree-to-tree competition, rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate on such mixtures remain poorly characterized and understood. 2. To fill this research gap, we reconstructed 34-year series (1980-2013) of growth (basal area increment, BAI) and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) – European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) mixed stands at two climatically contrasting sites located in the southwestern Pyrenees. We also gathered data on tree-to-tree competition and climate variables in order to test the hypotheses that (i) radial growth will be greater when inter-specific competition exceeds intra-specific competition, i.e. when species complementarity occurs, and (ii) enhanced iWUE could be linked to improved stem radial growth. 3. Growth of both species was reduced when intra-specific competition increased. Species complementarity was linked to improved growth of Scots pine at the continental site, whilst competition overrode any complementarity advantage at the drought-prone Mediterranean site. Beech growth did not show any significant response to pine admixture likely due to shade tolerance and the highly competitive nature of this species. Increasing inter-specific competition drove recent iWUE changes, which increased in Scots pine but decreased in European beech. The iWUE enhancement did not involve any growth improvement in Scots pine. However, the positive BAI-iWUE relationship found for beech suggests an enhanced beech growth in drought-prone sites due to improved water use. 4. Synthesis. Complementarity may enhance growth in mixed forests. However, water scarcity can constrict light-related complementarity for shade intolerant species (Scots pine) in drought-prone sites. BAI-iWUE relationships were negative for Scots pine and positive for European beech. These contrasting behaviours have got implications for coping with the expected increasing drought events in Scots pine-European beech mixtures located near the ecological limit of the two species. Complementarity effects between tree species should be considered to avoid overestimating the degree of future carbon uptake by mixed conifer-broadleaf forests.
Data from: Wide variation in spatial genetic structure between natural populations of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and its implications for SGS comparability
Identification and quantification of spatial genetic structure (SGS) within populations remains a central element of understanding population structure at the local scale. Understanding such structure can inform on aspects of the species' biology, such as establishment patterns and gene dispersal distance, in addition to sampling design for genetic resource management and conservation. However, recent work has identified that variation in factors such as sampling methodology, population characteristics, and marker system can all lead to significant variation in SGS estimates. Consequently, the extent to which estimates of SGS can be relied upon to inform on the biology of a species or differentiate between experimental treatments is open to doubt. Following on from a recent report of unusually extensive SGS when assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) in the tree Fagus sylvatica, we explored whether this marker system led to similarly high estimates of SGS extent in other apparently similar populations of this species. In the three populations assessed, SGS extent was even stronger than this previously reported maximum, extending up to 360 m, an increase of up to 800% in comparison with the generally accepted maximum of 30 - 40 m based on the literature. Within this species, wide variation in SGS estimates exists, whether quantified as SGS intensity, extent, or the Sp parameter. Consequently, we argue that greater standardisation should be applied in sample design and SGS estimation and highlight five steps that can be taken to maximize the comparability between SGS estimates.
Data from: The impact of even-aged and uneven-aged forest management on regional biodiversity of multiple taxa in European beech forests
For managed temperate forests, conservationists and policymakers favour fine-grained uneven-aged management over more traditional coarse-grained even-aged management, based on the assumption that within-stand habitat heterogeneity enhances biodiversity. There is, however, little empirical evidence to support this assumption. We investigated for the first time how differently grained forest management systems affect the biodiversity of multiple above- and below-ground taxa across spatial scales. We sampled 15 taxa of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria within the largest contiguous beech forest landscape of Germany and classified them into functional groups. Selected forest stands have been managed for more than a century at different spatial grains. The even-aged (coarse-grained management) and uneven-aged (fine-grained) forests are comparable in spatial arrangement, climate and soil conditions. These were compared to forests of a nearby national park that have been unmanaged for at least 20 years. We used diversity accumulation curves to compare γ-diversity for Hill-numbers 0D (species richness), 1D (Shannon diversity) and 2D (Simpson diversity) between the management systems. Beta diversity was quantified as multiple-site dissimilarity. Gamma diversity was higher in even-aged than in uneven-aged forests for at least one of the three Hill-numbers for six taxa (up to 77%), while eight showed no difference. Only bacteria showed the opposite pattern. Higher γ-diversity in even-aged forests was also found for forest specialists and saproxylic beetles. Between-stand β-diversity was higher in even-aged than in uneven-aged forests for one third (all species) and half (forest specialists) of all taxa, driven by environmental heterogeneity between age-classes, while α-diversity showed no directional response across taxa or for forest specialists. Synthesis and applications. Comparing even-aged and uneven-aged forest management in Central European beech forests, our results show that a mosaic of different age-classes is more important for regional biodiversity than high within-stand heterogeneity. We suggest reconsidering the current trend of replacing even-aged management in temperate forests. Instead, the variability of stages and stand structures should be increased to promote landscape scale biodiversity.
Data needed to reproduce analysis from "Frost matters: Incorporating late-spring frost in a dynamic vegetation model regulates regional productivity dynamics in European beech forests"
<p>Data to reproduce analysis from "Frost matters: Incorporating late-spring frost in a dynamic vegetation model regulates regional productivity dynamics in European beech forests".</p> <p>This includes:</p> <ol> <li>Tree ring data (meyer, bdn, principe, dittmar)</li> <li>LPJ-GUESS model output (frost_validation, frost_sensitivity, runs_22012024_revision)</li> <li>Data used for plotting</li> </ol>
Management alters drought-induced mortality patterns in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests
<ul> <li>The high tree mortality during the dry and hot years 2018-2019 in Europe affected not only even-aged and monospecific conifer stands but also semi-natural <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L. (European beech) forests. This has triggered concerns on the future of European beech forests under climate change and raised questions as to whether forest management may increase tree mortality rates through creating more open canopies. We compared long-term mortality rates of beech between strict forest reserves and adjacent managed reference stands for three inventory periods at 11 sites in the federal state Hesse, Germany, near the centre of the European distribution of the species.</li> <li>We hypothesized that mortality would increase with climatic water deficits during the growing season, initial stand density, and decreasing dominance (canopy status) of trees. We also hypothesized that mortality would decrease with site moisture status and the intensity of tree removals. To quantify the influence of management, initial stand density and tree removals were used as predictor variables. In addition, we analyzed the influence of the climatic water balance and competitive status of trees on mortality.</li> <li>Mean annual natural mortality rates ranged between 0.5 % and 2.1 %. Even in the drought years beech mortality rates were surprisingly low. We observed no signs of striking canopy disintegration. The significantly higher mortality (1.6 % - 2.1 %) in unmanaged stands during the drought years 2018 and 2019 was largely confined to suppressed trees. There was no significant increase of mortality in managed stands during the drought years, but a shift of mortality towards larger canopy trees.</li> <li>Our study did not confirm a general influence of management in the form of tree removals on mortality rates. Yet, we showed that during drought years management changed the distribution of mortality within the tree community. To analyze the effect of management on mortality rates more comprehensively, a wider gradient in site moisture conditions including sites drier than in this study and longer post-drought periods should be employed.</li> </ul>
Data from: The intraspecific variation of functional traits modulates drought resilience of European beech and pubescent oak
<p>A higher frequency and intensity of droughts will impair forest productivity. Therefore, improving our understanding of which factors enhance tree growth resilience against drought has become a crucial issue, but we lack information at the intraspecific level.</p> <p>In this study, we investigate the role played by climatic conditions and tree characteristics in the growth response to severe droughts in two deciduous Fagaceae species near their southern distribution limit: the temperate European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and the Mediterranean pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens). The study area is located in Catalonia, NE Spain, where 149 trees were cored covering the water availability gradient of the species in the region. In addition, tree size (diameter and height) and an ensemble of stem, leaf and hydraulic traits were collected for each tree. Growth responses to extreme droughts during the period 1980-2015 were assessed using resilience indicators based on residual basal area increment series predicted by a model including growing-season water balance.</p> <p>Although resistance was unrelated to drought intensity, higher water availability improved recovery and reduced drought legacy effects. Taller trees showed higher resilience against drought, which could be explained by the relationship between the variation in tree height and functional traits, such as leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf turgor loss point and resistance to xylem embolism. For both species, trees with lower cavitation resistance, higher leaf nitrogen concentration and tighter stomatal regulation (suggested by less negative turgor loss point and carbon isotope composition) displayed better performance during and after severe droughts. Both species showed a progressive decrease in resilience and increase of legacy effects.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. This study highlights the relevance of analyzing intraspecific variation of functional traits involved in tree water and carbon balance to improve our understanding of the resilience and variability of growth responses to drought within species. </p>
Data from: Tracing the origin of Oriental beech stands across Western Europe and reporting hybridization with European beech – implications for assisted gene flow
<p>The benefits and risks of human-aided translocation of individuals within the species range, assisted gene flow (AGF), depend on the genetic divergence, on the rate and direction of hybridization, and on the climate transfer distance between the host and donor populations. In this study, we explored the use of Oriental beech (<em>Fagus</em> <em>sylvatica</em> subsp. <em>orientalis</em>), growing from Iran to the Balkans, for AGF into European beech populations (<em>F</em>. <em>sylvatica</em> subsp. <em>Sylvatica</em>) that increasingly suffer from climate warming. Using samples from natural populations of Oriental and European beech and microsatellite loci, we identified 5 distinct genetic clusters in Oriental beech with a divergence (FST) of 0.15 to 0.25 from European beech. Using this knowledge, we traced the origin of 11 Oriental beech stands in Western Europe established during the 20<sup>th</sup> century. In two stands of Greater Caucasus origin, we found evidence for extensive hybridization, with 18% and 41% of the seedlings having hybrid status. Climate data revealed higher seasonality with warmer and drier summers across the native Oriental beech sites in comparison to the planting sites in Western Europe. Accordingly, we found that bud burst of Oriental beech occurred four days earlier than in European beech. Overall, our results suggest that AGF of Oriental beech could increase the genetic diversity of European beech stands and may foster introgression of variants adapted to expected future climatic conditions. Our study showcases the evaluation of the benefits and risks of AGF and call for similar studies on other native tree species.</p>
Data from: Differential responses of herbivores and herbivory to management in temperate European beech
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Data from: Assessment of spatial discordance of primary and effective seed dispersal of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) by ecological and genetic methods
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Data from: Stronger spatial genetic structure in recolonized areas than in refugia in the European beech
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Data from: Lowest drought sensitivity and decreasing growth synchrony towards the dry distribution margin of European beech
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Data from: The impact of even-aged and uneven-aged forest management on regional biodiversity of multiple taxa in European beech forests
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Data from: Edible dormice (Glis glis) avoid areas with a high density of their preferred food plant - the European beech
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Data from: Comparison of pollen gene flow among four European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations characterized by different management regimes
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Data from: Wide variation in spatial genetic structure between natural populations of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and its implications for SGS comparability
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Data from: Gene flow at the leading range edge - the long-term consequences of isolation in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L. Kuhn)
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Data from: EuMIXFOR empirical forest mensuration and ring width data from pure and mixed stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) through Europe
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Data from: Detecting short spatial scale local adaptation and epistatic selection in climate-related candidate genes in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) populations
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Data from: Does one model fit all? patterns of beech mortality in natural forests of three European regions
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