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50 results for “European beech”
Deep-soil carbon changes at 62 European beech stands in the Vienna Woods, Austria, 1984-2022
This dataset comprises repeated soil, vegetation, and site measurements from long-term forest monitoring in the Vienna Woods (Wienerwald), Austria, part of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve “Wienerwald” (48.1°–48.3° N, 15.8°–16.3° E). The study focuses on pure, naturally regenerated European beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands, initially sampled in 1984 and resampled in 2012 and 2022 . Elevations range from ~180 to 800 m a.s.l., with mean annual temperatures of 8–9 °C and precipitation of 600–900 mm. Soil samples were collected from three mineral soil depths (0–5 cm, 30–40 cm, and 80–90 cm) following consistent protocols across sampling years. Variables include total, organic, and inorganic carbon, total nitrogen and sulfur, exchangeable base cations (Ca, Mg, K), pH, total Fe and Mn, fine soil mass, bulk density, rock content, soil texture, and root biomass. Stocks were calculated. Leaf nutrient concentrations (C, N, S, P, Ca, Mg, K) were determined in all sampling years. Dendrochronological measurements were conducted to determine growth trends since stand establishment, and stand-level characteristics (tree density, DBH, aboveground biomass, crown vitality, slope, aspect) were recorded. Site-level climate data (mean annual temperature, annual precipitation) from 1961 to present and atmospheric deposition data for N and S (1990, 2012, 2022) were integrated from national and European gridded datasets. The dataset supports long-term assessments of soil carbon and nutrient dynamics, forest productivity, and environmental change impacts in old-growth beech forests. Data collection is complete for the 1984, 2012, and 2022 campaigns; no ongoing sampling is planned.
Potential and realized distribution at 30m for the European beech (Fagus sylvatica) in Europe for 2000 - 2020
<p>Probability and uncertainty maps showing the potential and realized distribution for the European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica, Mill.</em>) for Europe from the dataset prepared by <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5818021">Bonannella et al. (2022)</a> and predicted using Ensemble Machine Learning (EML). Potential distribution map cover the period 2018 - 2020; realized distribution cover the period 2000 - 2020, split in the following time periods:</p> <ul> <li>2000 - 2002,</li> <li>2002 - 2006,</li> <li>2006 - 2010,</li> <li>2010 - 2014,</li> <li>2014 - 2018,</li> <li>2018 - 2020.</li> </ul> <p>Files are named according to the following naming convention, e.g:</p> <ul> <li>veg_fagus.sylvatica_anv.eml_md_30m_0..0cm_2000..2002_eumap_epsg3035_v0.3</li> </ul> <p>with the following fields:</p> <ul> <li>theme: e.g. <strong>veg</strong>,</li> <li>species code: e.g. <strong>fagus.sylvatica</strong>,</li> <li>species distribution type: e.g. <strong>anv</strong> (= actual natural vegetation),</li> <li>species estimation method: e.g. <strong>eml</strong>,</li> <li>species estimation type: e.g. <strong>md</strong> ( = model deviation),</li> <li>resolution in meters e.g. <strong>30m</strong>,</li> <li>reference depths (vertical dimension): e.g. <strong>0..0cm</strong>,</li> <li>reference period begin end: e.g. <strong>2000..2002</strong>,</li> <li>reference area: e.g. <strong>eumap</strong>,</li> <li>coordinate system: e.g. <strong>epsg3035</strong>,</li> <li>data set version: e.g. <strong>v0.3</strong>.</li> </ul> <p>For each species is then easy to identify probability and uncertainty distribution maps:</p> <ul> <li>veg_fagus.sylvatica_<strong>anv</strong>.eml_<strong>md</strong>: model uncertainty for realized distribution</li> <li>veg_fagus.sylvatica_<strong>anv</strong>.eml_<strong>p</strong>: probability for realized distribution</li> <li>veg_fagus.sylvatica_<strong>pnv</strong>.eml_<strong>md</strong>: model uncertainty for potential distribution</li> <li>veg_fagus.sylvatica_<strong>pnv</strong>.eml_<strong>p</strong>: probability for potential distribution</li> </ul> <p>Files are provided as <a href="https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/cog.html">Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs</a> and projected in the Coordinate Reference System ETRS89 / LAEA Europe (= EPSG code 3035). Styling files are provided in both <em>SLD</em> and <em>QML</em> format.</p> <p>If you would like to know more about the creation of the maps and the modeling:</p> <ul> <li><strong>watch</strong> the talk at Open Data Science Workshop 2021 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5446/55256">TIB AV-PORTAL</a>)</li> <li><strong>access </strong>the repository with our R/Python scripts and follow the instructions (<a href="https://gitlab.com/geoharmonizer_inea/spatial-layers/-/tree/master/veg_mapping">GitLab</a>)</li> <li><strong>access </strong>the repository with the training dataset (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5818021">Zenodo</a>)</li> <li><strong>read </strong>the tutorial with executable code on our <a href="https://opengeohub.github.io/spatial-prediction-eml/spatiotemporal-ml.html#spatiotemporal-distribution-of-fagus-sylvatica">GitBook</a></li> </ul> <p>A publication describing, in detail, all processing steps, accuracy assessment and general analysis of species distribution maps is available on <a href="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13728">PeerJ</a>. To suggest any improvement/fix use <a href="https://gitlab.com/geoharmonizer_inea/spatial-layers/-/issues">https://gitlab.com/geoharmonizer_inea/spatial-layers/-/issues</a>.</p>
leaf anatomy, vascular traits and nanomechanical cell-wall properties in European beech provenances
<p>The file contains leaf anatomical data (thickness of individual leaf parenchyma layers), vascular traits of leaf midrib (vessel area and density and derived parameters), and nanomechanical properties of xylem cell walls (modulus of elasticity, adhesion, energy dissipation and deformation), which were studied in 15 provenances of European beech, originating from sites distributed across the whole range of the species. The trial plot (locality Tale in central Slovakia) was established in 1998 with 2-years-old seedling within the international provenance experiment with beech coordinated by the Institute of Forest Genetics of Thuenen Institute Grosshansdorf. Leaf anatomy was studied using light microscopy, while fluorescent microscopy was used to acquire vascular traits and atomic-force microscopy for nanomechanical cell-wall traits. Sun leaves were collected from 4 trees per provenances, 1 leaf per tree was analyzed. AFM was done in a subset of 8 provenances. The aim of the study was assessing geographical trends of the studied traits and their association with climate at the sites of origin to reveal potential adaptive variation patterns.</p>
Diversity of radial variations of wood properties in European beech reveals the plastic nature of juvenile wood - Dataset
<p>The long-term (as opposed to short-term intra-ring) radial variation of wood properties in European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L.) from pith to bark are largest in the young ages of the tree (internal core). This so-called juvenility reflects both cambium ageing (ontogenetic juvenility) and adaptation to the changing mechanical constraints during secondary growth (adaptive juvenility). Ring width (<em>RW</em>), specific gravity (<em>SG</em>) and specific modulus (<em>SM</em>) are important parameters for each new wood layer, needed for the study of mechanical stability of a standing tree. They should be sensitive to the mechanical adaptation of growth.<strong> </strong>They were measured on diametrical boards (North/South direction) issued from 86 trees from several high forest stands in European countries. Analysis of variance showed very significant influence of position within the tree (core/external), of trees within a plot and of plots, but not for North/South orientation. The share of variance was similar for <em>SG</em> and <em>SM</em> (importance of tree effect) but different for <em>RW </em>(importance of plot effect). The occurrence of red heartwood in the core on some trees had a significant influence, mostly on <em>SM</em>, but the differences between white and red wood was very small. Globally the variability was high for <em>RW</em>, rather small for <em>SM</em> and very small for <em>SG</em>. Accordingly, the variations of the modulus of elasticity (product of <em>SG</em> and <em>SM</em>) were much more influenced by <em>SM</em> than by <em>SG</em> for beech. The radial variations of each parameter were fitted by both a linear (2 coefficients: zero value and mean slope) and a parabolic curve (3 coefficients: zero value, initial slope and curvature). They were used to classify types or radial profile in terms of flat, up & down and straight, convex & concave. Median values of coefficients per plot (or total) were used to draw median profiles for each parameter per plot and at the global level. The median global profiles differed from the typical radial pattern (TRP) of juvenility for plantation softwoods for <em>SG</em> (down concave instead of up concave) and <em>SM</em> (convex like TRP but with a clear decrease in the mature wood). The main result was the very large variability of profiles between trees or even between plots. Even if there is a part of ontogenetic influence in the juvenile patterns for <em>RW</em>, <em>SG</em> and <em>SM</em>, the results suggest that the influence of mechanical constraints on tree growth (adaptive juvenility) dominates largely. </p> <p><em>The provided file contains the data and the sheets developped to analyse them. It serves as supplementary material for the related paper submitted for recommendation to the PCI Forest and Wood Science.</em></p>
Influence of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) rot hole habitat characteristics on invertebrate community structure and diversity - Dataset
<p>The data and R scripts pertinent to the Journal of Insect Science manuscript titled "Influence of European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>) rot hole habitat characteristics on invertebrate community structure and diversity". Environmental variables are given in "Rot Hole and Site Data", whilst community data are given as counts in "Rot Hole Community Data - counts" and as relative abundance in "Rot Hole Community Data - relative abundances".</p>
Supplementary material for Dynamics of rare earth elements and associated major and trace elements during Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) litter degradation
<p>Database and figures related to the results that are presented in the manusciript Montemagno et al. that will be submitted as research paper in the journal Copernicus/Biogeosciences.</p> <p>Title of the submission: Dynamics of Rare Earth Elements and associated major cations during Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) litter degradation.</p> <p>Authorship: </p> <p>Alessandro Montemagno<sup>1,3</sup>, Christophe Hissler<sup>1</sup>, Johanna Ziebel<sup>2</sup>, Victor Bense<sup>3</sup>, Laurent Pfister<sup>1</sup>, Adriaan J. Teuling<sup>3</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup>CATchment and ecohydrology research group (CAT/ENVISION/ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, 4408, Luxembourg</p> <p><sup>2</sup>Biotechnologies and Environmental Analytics Platform (BEAP/ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, 4408, Luxembourg</p> <p><sup>3</sup>Department of Environmental Sciences, subdivision Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management (HWQM), Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands</p> <p><em>Correspondence: </em>Alessandro Montemagno (<a href="mailto:alessandro.montemagno@list.lu">alessandro.montemagno@list.lu</a>), Christophe Hissler (<a href="mailto:christophe.hissler@list.lu">christophe.hissler@list.lu</a>)</p>
Data from: Historic land use modifies impacts of climate and isolation in rear edge European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations
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Weak founder effects but significant spatial genetic imprint of recent contraction and expansion of European beech populations.
Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes occurring during species range shifts is important in the current context of global change. Here, we investigate the interplay between recent expansion, gene flow and genetic drift, and their consequences for genetic diversity and structure at landscape and local scales in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) On Mont Ventoux, South-Eastern France, we located beech forest refugia at the time of the most recent population minimum, approximately 150 years ago, and sampled 71 populations (2042 trees) in both refugia and expanding populations over an area of 15,000 ha. We inferred patterns of gene flow and genetic structure using 12 microsatellite markers. We identified six plots as originating from planting, rather than natural establishment, mostly from local genetic material. Comparing genetic diversity and structure in refugia versus recent populations did not support the existence of founder effects: heterozygosity (He = 0.667) and allelic richness (Ar = 4.298) were similar, and FST was low (0.031 overall). Still, significant spatial evidence of colonization was detected, with He increasing along the expansion front, while genetic differentiation from the entire pool (βWT) decreased. Isolation by distance was found in refugia but not in recently expanding populations. Our study indicates that beech capacities for colonization and gene flow were sufficient to preserve genetic diversity despite recent forest contraction and expansion. Because beech has long distance pollen and seed dispersal, these results illustrate a 'best case scenario' for the maintenance of high genetic diversity and adaptive potential under climate-change related range change.
Low but significant evolutionary potential for growth, phenology and reproduction traits in European beech
<p>Local survival of forest tree populations under climate change depends on existing genetic variation and their adaptability to changing environments. Responses to selection were studied in European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>) under field conditions. A total of 1,087 adult trees, seeds, one-year-old seedlings, and established multiyear saplings were genotyped with 16 nuSSRs. Adult trees were assessed for phenotypic traits related to growth, phenology and reproduction. Parentage and paternity analyses were used to estimate effective female and male fecundity as a proxy of fitness and showed that few parents contributed to successful regeneration. Selection gradients were estimated from the relationship between traits and fecundity, while heritability and evolvability were estimated using mixed models and the breeder's equation. Larger trees bearing more fruit and early male flowering had higher total fecundity, while trees with longer growth season had lower total fecundity (directional selection). Stabilising selection on spring phenology was found for female fecundity, highlighting the role of late frosts as a selection driver. Selection gradients for other traits varied between measurement years and the offspring cohort used to estimate parental fecundity. Compared to other studies in natural populations, we found low to moderate heritability and evolvability for most traits. Response to selection was higher for growth than for budburst, leaf senescence or reproduction traits, reflecting more consistent selection gradients across years and sex functions, and higher phenotypic variability in the population. Our study provides empirical evidence suggesting that populations of long-lived organisms such as forest trees can adapt locally, even at short-time scales.</p>
Supplementary data for Inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic safety and efficiency in seven European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances differing in yield
<p>Dataset and supplementary file for <strong>Inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic safety and efficiency in seven European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L.) provenances differing in yield </strong>paper.</p> <p>The ANFS_data file includes individual level measurements of xylem safety and efficiency traits, leaf traits and growth among 7 provenances planted at two common garden sites in Germany and Slovakia. More details related to the methodology might be found in the published paper by Kurjak et al. 2024.</p> <p>The ANFS_supplementary file includes the test for differences in distance to tip between sites and provenances, based on the branch diameter-branch length scaling.</p>
Carpathian tree-ring network for European beech and Norway spruce
<p>Basic ecological theory suggests that a tradeoff between competitiveness and stress tolerance dictates species range limits at regional extents. However, empirical support for this key theory remains deficient because the necessary spatial and temporal coverage and scalability of field observations have rarely been achieved. We harnessed an extensive dendroecological network (>22,000 tree-ring samples from 816 forest inventory plots) to disentangle competition-limited from climate-limited growth in both overstory and understory trees. Growth synchrony among trees thereby served as an integral metric of climate sensitivity, an approach that we justify in supplementary analyses of growth responses to temperature, precipitation, and the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index. Sampling plots were arranged along elevational climate and vegetation gradients throughout the Carpathian Mountains, ranging from mixed-species lowland forests to coniferous forests at high elevations. With mixed-effect modelling, we also identified non-climatic factors (stand characteristics, species diversity, and disturbance history) that modulate spatial patterns in the growth rate and synchrony of European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L.) and Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em> (L.) Karst.). Beech exhibited reduced growth and increased climate sensitivity towards higher elevations but performed better when species diversity was higher. The growth of spruce increased towards its lower range boundary, but understory cohorts grew poorly under interspecific competition. Overall, climate sensitivity was lower in more productive stands with benign climatic conditions and in recently disturbed sites with reduced stand density. These contrasting performances at mid-elevations where the two species overlap (900 – 1300 m a.s.l.) reflect their evolutionary history, which enables them to be competitive (beech) or cold-stress tolerant (spruce). This history will affect interactions between the two species under climate warming and shape macroecological patterns in the Carpathian ecoregion and likely other parts of Europe. Our findings point to a growing advantage of competitively stronger species in montane and subalpine vegetation zones.</p>
Data from: Mast seeding in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is associated with reduced fungal sporocarp production and community diversity
<p>A time series of seed production data from European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>) was combined with a fungal census (1977 to 2006) from La Chanéaz Fungus Reserve to evaluate the relationship between mast seeding and fungal resource availability. Annual fungal species' counts, traits, contemporaneous weather and seed production data are available here, alongside the code used to complete the analyses.</p>
Data from: Phenotypic drought stress prediction of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) by genomic prediction and remote sensing
<p><span>Current climate change species response models usually do not include evolution. We integrated remote sensing with population genomics to improve phenotypic response prediction to drought stress in the key forest tree species European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L.). We used whole-genome sequencing of pooled DNA from natural stands along an ecological gradient from humid-cold to warm-dry climate. We phenotyped stands for leaf area index (LAI) and moisture stress index (MSI) for the period 2016–2022. We predicted this data with matching meteorological data and a newly developed genomic population prediction score in a Generalised Linear Model. Model selection showed that the addition of genomic prediction decisively increased the explanatory power. We then predicted the response of beech to future climate change under evolutionary adaptation scenarios. A moderate climate change scenario would allow persistence of adapted beech forests, but not worst-case scenarios. Our approach can thus guide mitigation measures, such as allowing natural selection or proactive evolutionary management.</span></p>
Data from: Phenotypic drought stress prediction of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) by genomic prediction and remote sensing
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Mast seeding in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is associated with reduced fungal sporocarp production and community diversity
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Weak founder effects but significant spatial genetic imprint of recent contraction and expansion of European beech populations.
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Carpathian tree-ring network for European beech and Norway spruce
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Low but significant evolutionary potential for growth, phenology and reproduction traits in European beech
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Lowest drought sensitivity and decreasing growth synchrony towards the dry distribution margin of European beech
<p class="MsoPlainText"><strong>Aim:</strong> Climate limits the potential distribution ranges of species. Establishment and growth of individuals at range margins is assumed to be more limited by extreme events such as drought or frost events than in the centre of their range. We explore whether the growth of beech is more sensitive to drought towards the dry distribution margin and more sensitive to frost towards the cold distribution margin. Furthermore, we aim to gain insight into the adaptive potential of beech towards both the dry and cold distribution margins.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText"><strong>Location:</strong> European gradient from the dry (Spain) to the cold (Poland, Sweden) distribution margin of beech.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText"><strong>Taxon:</strong> European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L.)</p> <p class="MsoPlainText"><strong>Methods:</strong> We applied a range-wide dendroecological study to analyse spatial and temporal trends in climate-growth relationships. We further investigated negative growth anomalies and growth synchrony towards the range margins.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText"><strong>Results:</strong> We found beech to be drought sensitive across its whole range, except at the dry distribution margin. Further, sensitivity to winter temperature was not found in the centre or at the cold distribution margin, but at the southern distribution margin. Growth synchrony was lower at the dry than at the cold distribution margin.</p> <p class="MsoPlainText"><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Beech seems to be adapted to drought at the dry distribution margin with a high adaptive potential indicated by the lowest growth synchrony along the gradient. At the cold distribution margin, cold events in winter and spring were less important for growth than drought. Still, the importance of spring frost for beech growth appears to increase in recent decades. Considering a projected north-eastward shift of the distribution range, beech is likely facing drought stress in combination with spring frost risk at the cold margin which could lead to a hampered range expansion.</p>
Data from: Gene flow at the leading range edge - the long-term consequences of isolation in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L. Kuhn)
Aim: Isolation is expected to lead to negative impacts on populations due to a reduction in effective population size and gene flow, exacerbating the effects of genetic drift, which might be stronger in peripheral and fragmented populations. Fagus sylvatica (European beech) in southern Sweden presents a gradient of isolation towards the leading range edge of the species. We sought to determine the impact of long-term isolation on genetic diversity and population genetic structure within populations of this species. Location: Samples were obtained from 14 sites towards the northern edge of the native range of beech in Sweden. Taxon: Fagaceae Methods: Using historical sources, we obtained area- and distance-based measures of isolation. We measured genetic diversity and structure by using nuclear microsatellite marker data, and performed parentage analysis to estimate external pollen-mediated gene flow. We implemented a partial least squares regression to determine the effects of isolation on each of the genetic diversity estimators and the measures of external pollen-mediated gene flow. Results: Long-term isolation generally had a negative impact on genetic diversity, which is exacerbated over time, further affecting progeny and suggesting that isolated populations are subject to strong genetic drift, possibly due to the combination of founder events and persistent small population sizes. Bayesian cluster analysis revealed that isolation was also acting as a barrier to gene flow in the north-eastern distribution of beech. Main conclusions: Isolation at the leading range edge of beech in Sweden has created gradients of contemporary gene flow within the species. The long-term cumulative effects of isolation on this wind-pollinated tree species and its negative impacts on genetic diversity and gene flow, could lead to inbreeding depression and higher extinction risk where populations remain small and isolated.
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