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139 results for “Experimental Selection”

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dryad36/100

Data and code for: Social phenotype-dependent selection of social environment in wild great and blue tits: An experimental study

There is growing evidence that individuals actively assess the match between their phenotype and their environment when making habitat choice decisions (so-called matching habitat choice). However, to our knowledge, no studies have considered how the social environment may interact with social phenotype in determining habitat choice, despite habitat choice being an inherently social process and growing evidence for individual variation in sociability. We conducted an experiment using wild great and blue tits to understand how birds integrate their social phenotype and social environment when choosing where and how to feed. We used programmable feeders to (i) record social interactions and estimate social phenotype and (ii) experimentally manipulate the local density experienced by birds of differing social phenotype. By tracking feeder usage, we estimated how social environment and social phenotype predicted feeder choice and feeding behaviour. Both social environment and social phenotype predicted feeder usage, but a bird's decision to remain in a particular social environment did not depend on their social phenotype. In contrast, for feeding behaviour, responses to the social environment depended on social phenotype. Our results provide rare evidence of matching habitat choice and shed light on the dependence of habitat choice on between-individual differences in social phenotype.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Experimental data of the paper "Counterexample-Guided Abstraction Refinement for Pattern Selection in Optimal Classical Planning"

This dataset contains experimental data used in the paper. They were generated using Downward-Lab (see https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.399255). The scripts used to run the experiments can be found in the software bundle for this paper (see https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2628703). Directories without the "-eval" ending contain raw data, distributed over a subdirectory for each experiment. Each of these contain a subdirectory tree structure "runs-*" where each planner run has its own directory. For each run, there are symbolic links to the input PDDL files domain.pddl and problem.pddl (can be resolved by putting the benchmarks directory to the right place), the run log file "run.log" (stdout), possibly also a run error file "run.err" (stderr), the run script "run" used to start the experiment, and a "properties" file that contains data parsed from the log file(s). Directories with the "-eval" ending contain a "properties" file, which contains a JSON directory with combined data of all runs of the corresponding experiment. In essence, the properties file is the union over all properties files generated for each individual planner run.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2019View details →

zenodo36/100

Supplementary Table S1. Combined analysis of variance containing the degrees of freedom (DF), mean squares (MS), P value (P val.), mean, coefficient of experimental variation (CEV%) and selective accuracy (SA) for the traits of luminosity (L), chromaticity a (a), chromaticity b (b*), grain length (length, mm), grain width (width, mm), grain thickness (thickness, mm), mass of 100 grains (Mass, g), normal grains (Ng, %), water absorption (absorption, %), cooking time (Ct, min:s), and concentrations of potassium (K, g kg-1 dry matter - DM), phosphorus (P, g kg-1 DM), calcium (Ca, g kg-1 DM), magnesium (Mg, g kg-1 DM), iron (Fe, mg kg-1 DM), zinc (Zn, mg kg-1 DM), and copper (Cu, mg kg-1 DM) obtained in 25 common bean cultivars evaluated in four experiments carried out from 2019 to 2021

Table S1. Combined analysis of variance. Indirect selection for multiple technological and nutritional traits in common bean cultivars under different degrees of multicollinearity Bragantia, 2024.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Experimental data for Pseudomonas aeruginosa from experimental evolution under different bottleneck sizes and antibiotic selection pressures

We here combined evolution experiments with genomic and genetic analyses to assess whether bottleneck size and antibiotic-induced selection influences the evolutionary path to resistance in pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the most problematic opportunistic human pathogens. Two sets of evolution experiments were performed across 16 transfers, in which either the aminoglycoside gentamicin or the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin were used as antibiotic. The evolutionary response was studied using counts of bacterial cells at the end of each transfer period (i.e., yield) or by calculating the growth rate from regular optical density measurement during the respective transfer periods. For the populations at the end of the evolution experiments, we also determined their antibiotic resistance with the help of standardized dose response curves. Moreover, we performed whole genome sequencing to assess the frequency of variants, which emerged and spread during the evolution experiments. We further focused on variants in two specific genes, which were selectively favoured in the gentamicin evolution experiments, and assessed their relative fitness using competition experiments. We found that antibiotic resistance is favoured under high antibiotic selection and weak bottlenecks, but also under low antibiotic selection and severe bottlenecks. We found that the absence of high resistance under low selection and weak bottlenecks is caused by the spread of low-resistance variants with high competitive fitness under these conditions. We conclude that bottlenecks in combination with drug-induced selection are currently neglected key determinants of pathogen evolution and antibiotic treatment outcome.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

An Evaluation of the Hydrolytic Stability of Selected Experimental Dental Matrices and Composites

Materials with potential use as dental restoration should be evaluated in an aggressive environment. Such accelerated aging is widely used in other industries and allows the assessment of service life. In the presented study, three neat resins (UDMA/Bis-GMA/TEGDMA 70/10/20 wt.%, UDMA/Bis-GMA/TEGDMA 40/40/20 wt.% and UDMA/Bis-EMA/TEGDMA 40/40/20 wt.%) and three composites based on these matrices were tested before and after aging protocols (I-7500 cycles, 5 °C and 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH; II-5 days, 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH). Flexural strength (FS), diametral tensile strength (DTS) and hardness (HV) were determined. Applied aging protocols resulted in a decrease in the value of the FS, DTS and HV. Larger changes were noticed for the neat resins. Materials in which the content of bis-GMA was lower or substituted by bis-EMA showed better resistance to degradation. The choice of mixtures with monomers characterized by lower sorption values may favorably affect hydrolytic stability. It was shown that for composites there was a drastic decrease in hardness, which suggests a more superficial effect of the used protocols. However, degradation of the surface layer can result in a growing problem over time given that the mastication processes are an inherent element in the oral environment.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Sexually-selected male weapon increases the risk of population extinction under environmental change: An experimental evidence

Exaggerated sexually-selected traits, occurring more commonly in males, help individuals to increase reproductive success, but are costly to produce and maintain. These costs on the one hand may improve population fitness by intensifying selection against maladapted males, but on the other hand may increase the risk of extinction under environmental challenge. However, the impact of sexually selected traits on extinction risk have not been investigated experimentally. We used replicate populations of a male-dimorphic mite, Rhizoglyphus robini, to test if prevalence of a sexually-selected weapon affected the risk of extinction under gradual temperature increase (20C per generation). In two independent experiments that utilized either inbred lines or lines mass selected for or against the weapon to establish experimental replicate populations differing in the prevalence of the weapon, we found that populations with high weapon prevalence were more likely to go extinct. Extinctions occurred despite partial suppression of the weapon expression at increased temperature and were not explained by increased male mortality. Our results provide the first, to our knowledge, experimental evidence demonstrating dramatic effect of elaborated sexual traits on the risk of extinction under environmental challenge.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100