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90 results for “Extreme drought”
Data for: Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally
<p>Data for publication "Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally." In this publication, we used a globallly distributed network of drought experiments to assess the impact of extreme, single-year drought events on aboveground net primary productions in grassland and shrubland ecosystems. The data and script necessary to reproduce figures and analyses for the manuscript may be found in this repository. The single script combines all of the data frames in order to run statistical models, create figures, and produce any additional statistics referenced in the publication. Data in this repository include the reponses of aboveground net primary production to drought treatments at 100 sites, abiotic information about the sites such as mean annual precipitation, annual precipitaiton, and soil sand content, along with biotic characteristics about these sites including species richness and the percent of vegetative cover by graminoids. Though the data published here may be freely reused, we encourage users to contact the authors of this dataset and the linked publication in order to facilitate the best practices for use of data.</p>
Data and code for the publication "Dieback of Calluna vulgaris in a coastal heathland after the 2018 extreme drought"
<p>Original data and code for the publication "Dieback of Calluna vulgaris in a coastal heathland after the 2018 extreme drought"</p>
Data from: Tree growth responses to extreme drought after mechanical thinning and prescribed fire in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest, USA
<p class="MsoNormal">An estimated 128 M trees died during the 2012-2016 California drought, largely in the southern Sierra Nevada Range. Prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are widely used to reduce fuels and restore ecosystem properties, but it is unclear if these treatments improve tree growth and vigor during extreme drought. This study examined tree growth responses after thinning, prescribed burning, and extreme drought at the Teakettle Experimental Forest, a historically frequent fire mixed-conifer forest in the southern Sierra Nevada of California, USA. Mechanical thinning (no thin, understory thin, and overstory thin) and prescribed burning (unburned, fall burning) were implemented in 2000-2001. Using annual growth data from increment cores, over 10,000 mapped and measured trees, and lidar-derived metrics of solar radiation and topographic wetness, we had two primary questions. First, what were the growth responses to thinning and prescribed burning treatments, and did these responses persist during the 2012-2016 drought? Second, what tree-level attributes and environmental conditions influenced growth responses to treatments and drought?</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Thinning increased residual tree growth and that response persisted through extreme drought 10 -15 years after treatments. Growth responses were higher in overstory versus understory thinning, with differences between thinning types more pronounced during drought. Species-specific growth responses were strongest with overstory thinning, with sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) and incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) having higher growth responses compared to white fir (Abies concolor) and Jeffery pine (Pinus jeffreyi). For individual trees, factors associated with higher growth responses were declining pretreatment growth trend, smaller tree size, and post-treatment low neighborhood basal area. Growth responses were initially not influenced by topography, but topographic wetness became important during extreme drought. Mechanical thinning resulted in durable increases in residual tree growth rates during extreme drought over a decade after thinning occurred, indicating treatment longevity in mitigating drought stress. In contrast, tree growth did not improve after prescribed burning, likely due to fire effects that reduced surface fuels, but had little effect on reducing tree density. Thinning treatments promoted durable growth responses, but focusing on stand-level metrics may ignore important tree-level attributes such as localized competition and topography associated with higher water availability. Mechanical thinning was effective at improving growth in trees that had been experiencing declining growth trends, but was less effective in improving growth responses in large old higher ecological importance.</p>
Functional traits and their plasticity shift from tolerant to avoidant under extreme drought
<p>Under climate change, extreme droughts will limit water availability for plants. However, the species-specific responses make it difficult to draw general conclusions. We hypothesized that changes in species' abundance in response to extreme drought can be best explained by a set of water economic traits under ambient conditions in combination with the ability to adjust these traits towards higher drought resistance. We conducted a four-year field experiment in temperate grasslands using rainout shelters with 30% and 50% rainfall reduction. We quantified the response as the change in species abundance between ambient conditions and the rainfall reduction. Abundance response to extreme drought was best explained by a combination of traits in ambient conditions and their functional adjustment, most likely reflecting plasticity. Smaller leaved species decreased less in abundance under drought. With increasing drought intensity, we observed a shift from drought tolerance, i.e. an increase leaf dry matter content, to avoidance, i.e. a less negative turgor loss point (TLP) in ambient conditions and a constancy in TLP under drought. We stress the importance of using a multidimensional approach of variation in multiple traits and the importance of considering a range of drought intensities to improve predictions of species' response to climate change.</p>
How extreme drought events , introduced species, and disease interact to impact influence threatened amphibian populations
<p>Long term dataset of amphibian breeding in the Bay Area of California. We used this 7-y dataset (2013–2019) on amphibian breeding activity that encompassed a recent extreme drought event to assess 1) how breeding activities of these taxa differed during and after drought conditions and 2) the additive and interactive relationships of drought, chytrid fungal infection (Bd), and invasive species with the presence and abundance of larval amphibians.</p> <p> </p>
Supplemental files for Evolutionary rescue during extreme drought
<p>Medium-sized data input for R scripts for the paper "Evolutionary rescue during extreme drought". Files are included for "baseline" (spatial) SNP tables (baseline_filtered_variants.QUAL20_MQ40_AN80_MAF0.03_DP1SD.Baypass_table), "timeseries" (temporal) SNP tables(timeseries_filtered_variants.QUAL20_MQ40_AN80_MAF0.03_DP1SD.Baypass_table), BayesFactors for all SNPs across 9 drought associated environmental variables (env_<em>_trim.tsv), and SNP-specific nucleotide diversity for 55 baseline populations (pop_baseline_</em>.sites.pi).</p> <p> </p> <p>Scripts that use these files are hosted at zenodo.org/records/13964969</p>
Fig. 1 in Spatial and temporal variation of benthic fish assemblages during the extreme drought of 1997-98 (El Niño) in the middle rio Negro, Amazonia, Brazil
Fig. 1. Study area in middle rio Negro basin (a) and detail of the sampling sites (b).
Fig. 2 in Spatial and temporal variation of benthic fish assemblages during the extreme drought of 1997-98 (El Niño) in the middle rio Negro, Amazonia, Brazil
Fig. 2. River level during annual flood cycles. Large arrows denote dates of sampling expeditions.
Extreme drought reduces climatic disequilibrium in dryland plant communities
<p>High rates of climate change are currently exceeding many plant species' capacity to keep up with climate, leading to mismatches between climatic conditions and climatic preferences of the species present in a community. This disequilibrium between climate and community composition could diminish, however, when critical climate thresholds are exceeded, due to population declines or losses among the more mismatched species. Here, we assessed the effect of an extreme drought event on rich semiarid shrubland communities in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. Using a community climate framework, we compared the community climatic disequilibrium before and after the drought episode on three study sites with different levels of precipitation. Disequilibrium was estimated as the difference between observed reference climate and community-inferred climate, calculated as the mean climatic optimum for the species present, weighted by their abundances. We found that extreme drought embedded within a decadal trend of increasing aridity led to a significant reduction in community climatic disequilibrium, and that this reduction was positively related to water deficit (low P/PET values). In contrast, microhabitat variables such as vegetation cover or slope, did not emerge as significant predictors of changes in community climatic disequilibrium. Our study highlights that extreme drought events pushing communities in the same direction as climate trends may decrease community climatic mismatch, leading to communities more adapted to aridity through loss of drought-sensitive species. These findings underscore that extreme events will play a crucial role in speeding up climate-induced community transformations and biodiversity losses.</p>
Saul Flores data for manuscript in ECOLOGY: Extreme drought disrupts plant phenology: insights from 35 years of cloud forest data in Venezuela
<p>Venezuela cloud forest phenology data for tree flowers and fruits.</p>
Plant dieback in Mediterranean shrublands under 2014 extreme drought (Alicante, Spain)
<p>Field data from four Mediterranean shrublands monitored during an extreme drought in 2014 (hydrological year) in SE Spain. Data are plant dieback of the total plant community and main plant biotypes (shrubs, subshrubs and grasses), vegetation structure attributes (phytovolume, plant height, LAI, and sizes of patch and inter-patch areas), soil properties (soil depth and soil surface cover types) and water availability indicators (soil moisture and environmental variables).</p>
Dataset: Corridor quality buffers extinction under extreme droughts in experimental metapopulations
<p>Corridors with good-quality habitats maintain the spatial dynamics of metapopulations by promoting dispersal between habitat patches, potentially buffering populations and communities against continued global change. However, this function is threatened by habitats becoming increasingly fragmented, and habitat matrices becoming increasingly inhospitable, potentially reducing the resilience and persistence of populations. Yet, we lack a clear understanding of how reduced corridor quality interacts with rates of environmental change to destabilise populations. Using laboratory microcosms containing metapopulations of the Collembola <em>Folsomia candida</em>, we investigate the impact of corridor quality on metapopulation persistence under a range of simulated droughts, a key stressor for this species. We manipulated both drought severity and the number of patches affected by drought across landscapes connected by either good or poor-quality corridors. We measured the time of metapopulation extinction, the maximum rate of metapopulation decline, and the variability of abundance among patches as criteria to evaluate the persistence ability of metapopulations. We show that whilst drought severity negatively influenced the time of metapopulation extinction and the increase in drought patches caused metapopulation decline, these results were mitigated by good quality corridors, which increased metapopulation persistence time and decreased both how fast metapopulations declined and the inter-patch variability in abundances. Our results suggest that enhancing corridor quality can increase the persistence of metapopulations, increasing the time available for conservation actions to take effect, and/or for species to adapt or move in the face of continued stress. Given that fragmentation increases the isolation of habitats, improving the quality of habitat corridors may provide a useful strategy to enhance the resistance of spatially structured populations.</p>
Belowground niche partitioning is maintained under extreme drought
<p>Belowground niche partitioning presents a key mechanism maintaining species coexistence and diversity. Its importance is currently reinforced under climate-change-altering soil hydrological conditions. However, experimental tests examining the magnitude of its change under climate change are scarce. We combined measurements of oxygen stable isotopes to infer plant water-uptake depths and extreme drought manipulation in grasslands. Belowground niche partitioning was evidenced by different water-uptake depths of co-occurring species under ambient and extreme drought conditions despite an increased overlap among species due to a shift to shallower soil layers under drought. A co-occurrence of contrasting strategies related to change of species water-uptake depths' distribution was likely key for species to maintain some extent of belowground niche partitioning and could contribute to stabilizing coexistence under drought. Our results suggest that belowground niche partitioning could mitigate negative effects on diversity imposed by extreme drought under future climate.</p>
Root Production and Morphological Traits During and After Single and Repeated Extreme Droughts in a Mesic Grassland
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Extreme drought reduces climatic disequilibrium in dryland plant communities
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Data for: Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally
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Data from: The impacts of climate and the extreme drought in 2018 on population growth in Swedish moth species
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Fire, drought and flooding rains: the effect of climatic extremes on bird species’ responses to time since fire
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Data from: Long-term climate and competition explain forest mortality patterns under extreme drought
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Data from: Extreme wetness reduces soil microbial residue carbon more substantially than extreme drought across grassland ecosystems
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.