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56 results for “Extreme heat”
Data from: Developmental timing of extreme temperature events (heat waves) disrupts host-parasitoid interactions
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Range-wide responses to an extreme heat event in <em>Mimulus cardinalis</em>
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The tolerance of a keystone ecosystem engineer to extreme heat stress is hampered by microplastic leachates
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High water use in desert plants exposed to extreme heat
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Data from: Extreme heat adaptation planning: A review of evaluation, monitoring, and reporting
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Heat tolerance limits of Mediterranean songbirds and their current and future vulnerabilities to temperature extremes
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CESM1.2 simulation output for: The role of westerly wind bursts during different seasons versus ocean heat recharge in the development of extreme El Niño in a climate model
<p>This is the subset of CESM1.2 model simulation output that was used for analysis and visualization of Yu and Fedorov [2020] (DOI:10.1029/2020GL088381). Please refer to README for details.</p>
Resilience of rhizosphere microbial predators and their prey communities after an extreme heat event
<div class="WordSection1"> <ul> <li><span>Climate change is known to disrupt aboveground food chains when the various trophic layers respond differently to warming. However, little is known about belowground food chains involving microbial preys and their predators. Here, we study how climate warming- induced heat shocks influence resistance (change immediately after a disturbance) and resilience (ability to recover back to pre-disturbance levels) in rhizosphere microbial communities.</span></li> <li><span>We used three species of rhizosphere protists as microbial predators and six different rhizosphere bacterial communities as their prey. Protist species and bacterial communities were extracted from <i>Centaurea stoebe – </i>a range-expanding plant species in the Northern Europe. We then examined the temporal dynamics of protists and bacterial communities after an extreme heat event for several generations with sufficient recovery periods. We hypothesized that bacterial community resistance and resilience after the extreme heat event would be higher particularly when extreme heat effects would negatively affect their predators. </span></li> <li><span>Our results show that prey community biomass was strongly reduced after the extreme heat event and persisted with lower biomass throughout the recovery period. Opposite to what was expected, predators showed negligible changes in their density after the same heat event. However, abundances of the three predators varied markedly in their temporal dynamics independent of the extreme heat event. Extreme heat event further increased the inactive density of one of the predators, whereas another predator showed a decline in its body size owing to extreme heat event. Bacterial community resistance and resilience after the extreme heat event were independent of predators, although species-specific effects of predators on bacterial community resilience were different only in the last week of recovery. Predator resilience (based on active predator density) also varied among the three predators but converged over time. </span></li> <li><span><span>Our results highlight that extreme heat events can be more detrimental to microbial prey communities than microbial predators when microbial predators can exhibit thermal acclimation (e.g. change in body size or become inactive) to overcome heat stress. Such thermal acclimation may promote predator resilience after extreme heat events. </span></span></li> </ul> </div> <p> </p>
Data from: Evidence for local adaptation to extreme heat across populations of a widespread tree from quantitative proteomics
1. Heat waves are increasing in frequency and intensity globally with negative consequences for biological function. Assessing the effect of extreme heat on species requires an understanding of their adaptive capacity for mitigating physiological damage. Where long-term exposure to hot conditions in natural populations provides sufficient selection pressure, populations should exhibit signals of adaptive thermotolerance to temperature extremes. 2. Using quantitative proteomics, we tested this idea in the widespread and commercially-important tree species Eucalyptus grandis (Flooded Gum). Seedlings from six natural populations of E. grandis spanning a 2000 km gradient were exposed to a four-day extreme heat treatment (42-24°C day-night cycle) in experimental growth chambers. Populations differed in their long-term exposure to extreme heat conditions, defined both as the number of days annually ≥15°C above mean annual temperature (MAT), and average number of days annually with temperature maxima ≥ 35°C between 1960-1990. 3. Long-term exposure to extreme heat conditions in the field predicted the protein-level response of E. grandis to experimental heat waves. Relationships between long-term extreme heat exposure and protein increases were positive and linear for all combinations of extreme heat (days ≥15°C above MAT, mean days with temperature maxima ≥35°C annually) and expression (all differentially expressed proteins, isolated heat shock proteins, proteins involved in molecular stress responses). 4. Although extreme climate events are typically rare (e.g. 1 day 15° ≥ MAT per 5 years in some populations in our study), E. grandis populations sampled from across a 2000km range exhibit a clear capacity to increase expression of proteins involved in heat stress in response to simulated heat wave exposure. Presumably they respond similarly under natural heat wave conditions. 5. We show that a long-lived species with a broad environmental niche exhibits adaptive variation in protein response to temperature extremes at the population level. This implies that restoration, translocation and silvicultural programs should consider the molecular response of source populations to climatic extremes to maximise success under future climates. 6. Tree populations with low exposure to extreme heat conditions may be limited in their ability to respond to heat wave events, potentially limiting their adaptive capacity to withstand novel climate conditions.
Survival of extreme heat related to circadian cycle and sex in bees
<p>The pollination services provided by insects have been a crucial part of evolution and survival for many species, including humans. For bees to be efficient pollinators they must survive the environmental insults they face daily. Thus, looking into the short- and long-term effects of heat exposure on bee performance provides us with a foundation for investigating how stress can affect insect pollination. Solitary bees are a great model for investigating the effects of environmental stress on pollinators because the vast majority of insect pollinator species are solitary rather than social. One of the most pervasive environmental stressors to insects is temperature. Here we investigated how a one-hour heat shock affected multiple metrics of performance in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, <em>Megachile rotundata</em>. We found that a short heat shock (1hr at 45ºC) can delay adult emergence in males but not females. Bee pupae were rather resilient to a range of high temperature exposures that larvae did not survive. Following heat shock (1hr at 50ºC), adult bees were drastically less active than untreated bees, and this reduction in activity was evident over several days. Heat shock also led to a decrease in bee survival and longevity. Additionally, we found a connection between starvation survival after heat shock and time of exposure, where bees exposed in the morning survived longer than those exposed in the afternoon, when they would normally experience heat shock in the field. These data suggest that there is an unexplored daily/circadian component to the stress response in bees likely similar to that seen in flies, nematodes, and plants which is constitutive or preemptive rather than restorative. Taken together our data indicates that single heat shock events have strong potential to negatively impact multiple life history traits correlated with reproduction and fitness.</p>
Data from: Extreme escalation of heat failure rates in ectotherms with global warming
<p>Data from: Extreme escalation of heat failure rates in ectotherms with global warming</p>
Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020
<p>The time series of extreme events given by Lange et al has been processed into an annual probability of occurrence by researchers at the University of Oxford, using the pipeline available online at <a href="https://github.com/nismod/isimip-exposure">https://github.com/nismod/isimip-exposure</a> - this is a draft dataset, used for visualisation in <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://global.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> but not otherwise reviewed or published.<br><br>If you use this, please cite: Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI 10.1029/2020EF001616<br><br>This is shared under a CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0) When using ISIMIP data for your research, please appropriately credit the data providers, e.g. either by citing the DOI for the dataset, or by appropriate acknowledgment.<br><br>Annual probability of drought (soil moisture below a baseline threshold) or extreme heat (temperature and humidity-based indicators over a threshold) events on a 0.5° grid. 8 hydrological models forced by 4 GCMs under baseline, RCP 2.6 & 6.0 emission scenarios. Current and future maps in 2030, 2050 and 2080.<br><br>The ISIMIP2b climate input data and impact model output data analyzed in this study are available in the ISIMIP data repository at ESGF, see <a href="https://esg.pik-potsdam.de/search/isimip/?project=ISIMIP2b&product=input">https://esg.pik-potsdam.de/search/isimip/?project=ISIMIP2b&product=input</a> and <a href="https://esg.pik-potsdam.de/search/isimip/?project=ISIMIP2b&product=output">https://esg.pik-potsdam.de/search/isimip/?project=ISIMIP2b&product=output</a>, respectively. More information about the GHM, GGCM, and GVM output data is provided by Gosling et al. (2020), Arneth et al. (2020), and Reyer et al. (2019), respectively.<br><br>Event definitions are given in Lange et al, table 1. Land area is exposed to drought if monthly soil moisture falls below the 2.5th percentile of the preindustrial baseline distribution for at least seven consecutive months. Land area is exposed to extreme heat if both a relative indicator based on temperature (Russo et al 2015, 2017) and an absolute indicator based on temperature and relative humidity (Masterton & Richardson, 1979) exceed their respective threshold value.</p> <p>Population exposure is calculated as annual expected population directly exposed to the occurrence of extreme heat or drought events, assuming any population directly within the footprint of an event is exposed, but not otherwise taking any other risk-mitigating or -propagating factors into account.</p> <p>Population is held constant at 2020 levels, using the JRC GHSL GHS-POP R2023A release, which can be cited as Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023) GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030).European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe"> http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE">10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE</a> and for the concept and methodology, Freire S., MacManus K., Pesaresi M., Doxsey-Whitfield E., Mills J. (2016) Development of new open and free multi-temporal global population grids at 250 m resolution. Geospatial Data in a Changing World; Association of Geographic Information Laboratories in Europe (AGILE), AGILE 2016</p> <h3>Updates</h3> <p>2024-06-11: New draft with corrected aggregate population, created using https://github.com/nismod/isimip-exposure/tree/fcfbeff6778f697a5a470ac20dd912fd426a7f98</p>
Data and code for "Light Rain Exacerbates Extreme Humid Heat"
<p>Model simulation data and the code for each figure used in the NC paper entitled "Light Rain Exacerbates Extreme Humid Heat".</p>
Future intensification of co-occurrences of heat, PM2.5 and O3 extremes in China and India despite stringent air pollution controls
<p>This dataset provides WRF-Chem simulation outputs of the manuscript titled "Future intensification of co-occurrences of heat, PM2.5 and O3 extremes in China and India despite stringent air pollution controls".</p>
Data for paper "Improved simulation of Compound Drought and Heat Extremes in Eastern China through CWRF downscaling"
<p>Data used in paper "<span>Improved simulation of Compound Drought and Heat Extremes in Eastern China through CWRF downscaling</span>".</p> <p>This dataset should be used with code on this link: <span>https://github.com/Oscarrrhhhh/CDHE_paper</span></p>
Code for [Urban food delivery services as extreme-heat adaptation]
<p>This repository contains the code to reproduce all figures in our paper "Urban food delivery services as extreme-heat adaptation".</p>
Soil Moisture Dominates the Land Surface Feedback in the Development of Compound Drought-Heat Extremes in Tropical South America (Part 3)
<p>This dataset is for a <em>JHM</em> (<em>Journal of Hydrometeorology</em>) paper, titled "<strong>Soil Moisture Dominates the Land Surface Feedback in the Development of Compound Drought-Heat Extremes in Tropical South America</strong>".</p>
Soil Moisture Dominates the Land Surface Feedback in the Development of Compound Drought-Heat Extremes in Tropical South America (Part 2)
<p>This dataset is for a <em>JHM</em> (<em>Journal of Hydrometeorology</em>) paper, titled "<strong>Soil Moisture Dominates the Land Surface Feedback in the Development of Compound Drought-Heat Extremes in Tropical South America</strong>".</p>
Soil Moisture Dominates the Land Surface Feedback in the Development of Compound Drought-Heat Extremes in Tropical South America (Part 1)
<p>This dataset is for a <em>JHM</em> (<em>Journal of Hydrometeorology</em>) paper, titled "<strong>Soil Moisture Dominates the Land Surface Feedback in the Development of Compound Drought-Heat Extremes in Tropical South America</strong>".</p>
The 3-week-long transport history and deep tropical origin of the 2021 extreme heat wave in the Pacific Northwest
<p>This archive includes the data used for the manuscript "The 3-week-long transport history and deep tropical origin of the 2021 extreme heat wave in the Pacific Northwest" submitted to Geophysical Research Letter.<br> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.