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40 results for “Floral visitors”
Intraspecific independent evolution of floral spur length in response to local flower visitor size in Japanese Aquilegia in different mountain regions
<p>Geographic differences in floral traits may reflect geographic differences in effective pollinator assemblages. Independent local adaptation to pollinator assemblages in multiple regions would be expected to cause parallel floral trait evolution, although sufficient evidence for this is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the relationship between flower spur length and pollinator size in 16 populations of <i>Aquilegia buergeriana </i>var.<i> buergeriana</i> distributed in four mountain regions in the Japanese Alps. We also examined the genetic relationship between yellow- and red-flowered individuals, to see if color differences caused genetic differentiation by pollinator isolation. Genetic relationships among 16 populations were analyzed based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Even among populations within the same mountain region, pollinator size varied widely, and the average spur length of <i>A. buergeriana</i> var. <i>buergeriana</i> in each population was strongly related to the average visitor size of that population. Genetic relatedness between populations was not related to the similarity of spur length between populations; rather, it was related to the geographic proximity of populations in each mountain region. Our results indicate that spur length in each population evolved independently of the population genetic structure but in parallel in different mountain regions. Further, yellow- and red-flowered individuals of <i>A. buergeriana</i> var. <i>buergeriana</i> were not genetically differentiated. Unlike other <i>Aquilegia</i> species in Europe and America visited by hummingbirds and hawkmoths, this species is consistently visited by bumblebees in Japan. As a result, genetic isolation by flower color has not occurred.</p>
FIGURE 2. Polystemma stevensii. A. Stems with yellow cork B. Branch with inflorescences. C. Flowers with some floral visitors. D in Polystemma stevensii (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from Michoacán, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Polystemma stevensii. A. Stems with yellow cork B. Branch with inflorescences. C. Flowers with some floral visitors. D. Frontal view of a flower. E. Frontal view of a flower, showing the gynostegium. F. Lateral view of a flower, showing the gynostegium. Photos by Victor W. Steinmann.
Data from: Scale-dependent shifts in the species composition of flower visitors with changing floral density
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Data from: Exotic flower visitors exploit large floral trait spaces resulting in asymmetric resource partitioning with native visitors
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Intraspecific independent evolution of floral spur length in response to local flower visitor size in Japanese Aquilegia in different mountain regions
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Exploitative competition for floral resources reduces sugar intake but differently impacts the foraging behaviour of two non-bee flower visitors
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Data from: Experimental manipulation of floral scent bouquets restructures flower-visitor interactions in the field
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Data from: Attractiveness of exotic invasive plants can disconnect native plants from their floral visitors
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Figure 1 in Moth floral visitors of the three rewarding Platanthera orchids revealed by interval photography with a digital camera
Figure 1. Floral visitors of Platanthera species. (A) Mabra charonialis visiting Platanthera ussuriensis; (B) Polychrysia splendida with Platanthera sachalinensis pollinia attached on the proboscis; (C) Paratalanta sp. visiting P. sachalinensis; (D) Lampropteryx sp. with Platanthera florentii pollinia attached on the eyes; (E) Scopariinae sp. visiting P. florentii and (F) Paratalanta sp. visiting P. florentii.
Floral attraction and flower visitors of a subcanopy tropical rainforest tree, F. picrosperma_Data
<p>1. Flowering plants in tropical rainforests rely heavily on pollen vectors for successful reproduction. Research into pollination systems in tropical rainforests is dominated by canopy species, while subcanopy plant-pollinator interactions remain under-represented. The microclimate beneath the rainforest canopy is characterised by low light levels and is markedly different from the canopy environment that receives more light energy.</p> <p>2. We studied the floral attractants and floral visitors of a dioecious, subcanopy tree, Fontainea picrosperma (Euphorbiaceae) in the Wet Tropics bioregion of northern Queensland, Australia.</p> <p>3. We found that wind pollination is rare and male and female flowers do not produce nectar. Female flowers are likely pollinated due to their perceptual similarity to pollen-offering male flowers. Female flowers had the same scent profile as male flowers and floral scent was an important floral attractant that acted to regulate pollinator behaviour. The two most abundant scent compounds present in the floral bouquet were benzyl alcohol and 4-oxoisophorone. These compounds are ubiquitous in nature and are known to attract a wide variety of insects. Both day-time and night-time pollinators contributed to successful pollen deposition on the stigma and diurnal flower visitors were identified from several orders of insects including beetles, flies, predatory wasps and thrips. Fontainea picrosperma is therefore likely to be pollinated by a diverse array of small insects.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our data indicates that F. picrosperma has a generalist, entomophilous pollination syndrome. The rainforest subcanopy is a distinctive environment characterised by low light levels, low or turbulent wind speeds and relatively high humidity. Female flowers of F. picrosperma exhibit cost saving strategies by not producing nectar and mimicking the smell of reward-offering male flowers. Insects opportunistically forage on, or inhabit flowers and pollination occurs from a pool of small insects with low-energy requirements that are found beneath the rainforest canopy.</p>
Floral traits differentiate pollination syndromes and taxa but fail to predict the identity of floral visitors to Castilleja
<p><b>Premise of the Study: </b>Animal pollination is critical to plant reproduction and may cause convergent evolution of pollination syndromes. Pollination syndromes in <i>Castilleja</i> are hypothesized based on floral traits and historical observations of floral visitors. Here we address these questions: (i) Can pollination syndromes be distinguished using floral morphological traits or volatile organic compound emissions? (ii) Is there significant variation in floral traits within a pollination syndrome, at the level of populations or species? and (iii) Do pollination syndromes predict the most frequent floral visitor to <i>Castilleja</i>?</p> <p><b>Methods:<i> </i></b>Floral traits and visitation were measured for five co-occurring <i>Castilleja</i> species (<i>C. applegatei, C. linariifolia, C. miniata, C. nana, and C. peirsonii</i>), representing three pollination syndromes (bee, fly, and hummingbird), at four sites in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and multiple linear regressions to address key questions in the differentiation of <i>Castilleja </i>and floral visitors.</p> <p><b>Key Results: </b>Our analyses revealed that both morphological traits and floral VOCs distinguish between some pollination syndromes and <i>Castilleja</i> species. Morphological traits defined pollination syndromes reliably, but within the hummingbird syndrome, there was also significant variation among populations and species. Pollination syndrome was a poor predictor of visitors to <i>Castilleja</i>.</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Floral trait differentiation among <i>Castilleja</i> individuals reflects both taxonomy and pollination syndromes. Differentiation was generally more evident in morphological traits compared to VOCs. Furthermore, <i>a priori</i> notions of pollination syndromes in this system are overly simplistic and fail to predict which animals most frequently visit <i>Castilleja</i> in natural populations.</p>
Figure 4 from: Mar SS, Saunders RMK (2015) Thismia hongkongensis (Thismiaceae): a new mycoheterotrophic species from Hong Kong, China, with observations on floral visitors and seed dispersal. PhytoKeys 46: 21-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.8963
Figure 4 - Thismia hongkongensis sp. nov. (S.S. Mar 2, HK). A Entire flower. B Flower with proximal part of perianth tube removed, showing pendent stamens. C Apex of the perianth tube, showing annulus (a) and pendent stamens, with filament (f), thecae (th), lateral appendage (la), and aperture (ap) between filaments. D Longitudinal section through fused carpels. Scale bars: A, B, D = 2 mm; C = 1 mm. Drawings by Caren Pearl Shin.
Figure 2 from: Mar SS, Saunders RMK (2015) Thismia hongkongensis (Thismiaceae): a new mycoheterotrophic species from Hong Kong, China, with observations on floral visitors and seed dispersal. PhytoKeys 46: 21-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.8963
Figure 2 - Flower structure in Thismia hongkongensis sp. nov. A Mature flower, showing outer tepals (ot), inner tepals (it) and abscission zone (ab) at the base of the perianth tube. B Entire plant (S.S. Mar 1, HK). C Perianth tube with annulus (a), following removal of the proximal face of the tube, exposing pendent stamens with filament (f), thecae (th), connective (c) and lateral appendage (la) (S.S. Mar 2, HK). D Inner face of perianth tube, showing network patterning and putative nectaries (arrowed) (S.S. Mar 2, HK). Scale bars: A, D = 2 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 1 mm. Photos: A, B S.S. Mar; C, D R.M.K. Saunders.
Figure 1 from: Mar SS, Saunders RMK (2015) Thismia hongkongensis (Thismiaceae): a new mycoheterotrophic species from Hong Kong, China, with observations on floral visitors and seed dispersal. PhytoKeys 46: 21-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.8963
Figure 1 - Flower development in Thismia hongkongensis sp. nov. A, B Root system, with young flowering stalk developing (arrowed). C–H Developing flower, photographed over a 17-day period (10th, 14th, 16th, 19th, 23rd and 27th May, respectively) (S.S. Mar 1, HK). I, J Post-fertilization flower, showing abscission of perianth tube. Photos by S.S. Mar.
Figure 3 from: Mar SS, Saunders RMK (2015) Thismia hongkongensis (Thismiaceae): a new mycoheterotrophic species from Hong Kong, China, with observations on floral visitors and seed dispersal. PhytoKeys 46: 21-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.8963
Figure 3 - Fruit structure in Thismia hongkongensis sp. nov. A Flower (rear right), immature fruit, shortly after fertilization (left), and mature fruit with exposed seeds (front). B Two fruiting individuals, each with three fruits. C Lateral view of fruiting specimen, illustrating elongated fruit stalk. D Mature fruit with exposed seeds. E Dehydrated fruit. F Rehydrated fruit, after rainfall. Photos by S.S. Mar.
Supplementary material 2 from: Bogusch P, Vojtová T, Hadrava J (2023) High abundance but low diversity of floral visitors on invasive Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae). NeoBiota 86: 193-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.86.100625
List of all species
Supplementary material 1 from: Bogusch P, Vojtová T, Hadrava J (2023) High abundance but low diversity of floral visitors on invasive Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae). NeoBiota 86: 193-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.86.100625
List of localities
Supplementary material 3 from: Bogusch P, Vojtová T, Hadrava J (2023) High abundance but low diversity of floral visitors on invasive Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae). NeoBiota 86: 193-207. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.86.100625
Other flowering plants in the localities
Floral attraction and flower visitors of a subcanopy tropical rainforest tree, F. picrosperma_Data
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Floral traits differentiate pollination syndromes and taxa but fail to predict the identity of floral visitors to Castilleja
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